肉鸡安全饲养三段防病法

肉鸡在生长发育的不同时期,其易发病种类也有所不同。因此,肉鸡养殖户在养殖期间要有所侧重,分阶段抓住易发病种类采取相应的防治措施进行重点防御:     

治疗肉鸡球虫的常见药物及有效投药方法

正肉鸡球虫病(Coccidiosis in Chicken)是一种常见的寄生虫病,具有普遍、分布广泛、治疗困难等特点,一旦肉鸡发病将严重影响料肉比,导致养殖经济效益大幅下降等问题。肉鸡球虫种类较多,不同的寄生虫,寄生部位、致病力差异明显。因此,针对不同的肉鸡球虫合理使用相关治疗药物,对于保障肉鸡养殖基本经济效益,具有重要意义。1肉鸡球虫病及发病临床表现概述肉鸡球虫病是一种由病原球虫引起的寄生虫     

治疗肉鸡球虫的常见药物及有效投药方法

正在肉鸡养殖过程中,球虫病发病率较高,其为一种寄生虫病,分布范围较广,治疗难度较大,若肉鸡发病会对其料肉比造成影响,严重影响养殖户经济效益。同时球虫病种类较多,寄生部位和致病力不同,对肉鸡的影响也不尽相同,治疗方法也存在明显差异,因此必须予以针对性处理。1肉鸡球虫病概述肉鸡球虫病是一种发病率较高的寄生虫病,目前我国发现鸡球虫大概9种,不同类型球虫的致病能力及寄生部位不尽相同,通常来说,球虫     

肉鸡白冠病的病原及防治措施

1 肉鸡白冠病的病原分析 1.1 肉鸡种类体质病发原因 肉鸡与其他种类不同更容易发生白冠病,这与其种类体质有关.白冠病,发生在血液的白细胞与红细胞中,属于寄生虫发生病变,是由一种鸡卡氏白细胞原虫引起的.该寄生体具有生命力强的特点,并且整个生长发育环节具备变态发育的特点.该寄生虫通过裂殖、配子、孢子等方式进行生产发育,最终寄宿库蠓,集聚其中导致病变.该寄生病原体具有很强的季节性变化,尤其在夏季活动频繁.肉鸡的血液成为库蠓的食物,大量进食促使其活动频繁,并且将病原传输进入肉鸡体内,导致白冠病暴发.     

肉鸡常用抗菌药物的体外抑菌作用对比

肉鸡常用抗菌药物的体外抑菌作用对比（江苏省连云港市大地肉鸡总公司兽医院２２２３４４）梁永会王尔丽肉鸡常用药物种类繁多，为比较常用抗菌药物对禽类常见致病菌的抗菌作用，我们用自制的不同药量的纸片，对恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、氯霉素、强力霉素、庆大霉素...     

肉鸡小肠球虫病的诊治

肉鸡球虫病是由艾美耳属的多种球虫寄生在肉鸡肠黏膜内而引起的一种以血痢、消瘦、贫血为特征的寄生虫病.本病严重危害肉鸡生产,是肉鸡养殖中的常见病和多发病.依球虫种类和寄生部位不同可将肉鸡球虫病分为盲肠球虫病和小肠球虫病,其中前者在临床上较常见,症状和病理变化明显,易确诊,而小肠球虫病与其诊断略有差别.笔者于2008年8月接诊一例肉鸡小肠球虫病例,通过正确诊断,及时治疗控制了病情,减少了养殖户的损失.     

不同天气条件下平养肉鸡的垫料使用要点

<正>平地养殖的肉鸡直接与垫料接触,垫料条件的好坏直接影响到肉鸡生活环境的舒适度。不同天气条件下,把握好垫料的使用要点,才能创造一个舒适的环境条件,提高肉鸡生产性能。本文就南方不同天气条件下如何使用好垫料,进行简要阐述,以供读者参考。1垫料选择可用于肉鸡平养的垫料种类较多,以地域性农作物副产品为主,如南方的稻壳、稻草或北方的麦壳、麦秸等,还有木材加工产生的锯末、刨花等。这些     

南方区域肉鸡薄垫料原料选择与管理要点

肉鸡饲养过程中,始终保持与垫料的接触,因此垫料是否合理使用直接影响着鸡群生产性能的发挥。南方区域肉鸡饲养以开放式为主,空气湿度整体较高,饲养过程中要用到不同种类不同厚度的垫料,以控制垫料湿度在合理范围,近几年,薄垫料(厚度在5 cm以下)以其清理简单,容易管理等优点,在养殖户中应用越来越广泛。笔者结合在薄垫料使用方面的经验和肉鸡饲养管理的体会,就肉鸡饲养过程中薄垫料的原料选择和管理要点进行阐述。     

不同酸度油脂对肉仔鸡消化系统及脏器的影响

本文对油脂类饲料的种类、成份及其在肉鸡养殖中的作用进行了综述,并就不同酸度油脂对肉仔鸡消化系统及脏器的影响做了相关讨论。     

不同油脂对麻黄肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究不同种类油脂对麻黄肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。选取42日龄的雄性麻黄肉鸡240只，随机分为3个处理，每个处理8个重复，每个重复10只鸡，按照日粮油脂种类来源分为大豆油组、猪油组、鸡油组，试验期42 d。结果表明：饲喂不同油脂对43～84日龄麻黄肉鸡的生长性能无显著影响；与猪油组相比，鸡油组肉鸡全净膛率提高(P<0.05)，腹脂率有降低趋势(P=0.062)；猪油组肉鸡胸肌pH24 h低于大豆油和鸡油组肉鸡(P<0.05)；与猪油组相比，饲喂鸡油降低了84日龄肉鸡腿肌pH24h(P<0.05)；与鸡油组相比，猪油组肉鸡腿肌屠宰后45 min肉色L*值有提高趋势(P=0.091)，大豆油组24 h肉色L*值均提高(P<0.05)；不同油脂对肉鸡腿肌剪切力、滴水损失、蒸煮损失未见显著影响；猪油组、鸡油组的毛利润较大豆油组分别提高6.48%和16.55%。由此可见，使用大豆油、猪油、鸡油饲喂42～84日龄麻黄肉鸡，对肉鸡生长性能无显著影响；使用大豆油的肉鸡肉品质最佳；使用猪油能节约饲养成本，但对肉品质有负面影响；使用鸡油能提高肉鸡屠宰性能降低腹脂沉...     

Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma

Abstract This paper is a review of commonly used topical antibacterial medications: benzoyl peroxide, chlorhexidine, povidone iodine, ethyl lactate, triclosan, mupirocin, neomycin, polymyxin B, bacitracin and fusidic acid. Included is a review of the pharmacokinetics, modes of action, adverse effects and clinical uses in veterinary dermatology. General recommendations for topical antibacterial therapy are presented. Résumé— Cet article est une revue des topiques antibactériens les plus couramment utilisés: peroxyde de benzoyle, chlorhexidine, povidone iodée, lactate d'éthyle, triclosan, mupirocine, néomycine, polymyxine B, bacitracine et acide fucidique. Il inclut notamment une revue des pharmacocinétiques, des modes d'action, des effets secondaires et des indications thérapeutiques de ces produits en dermatologie vétérinaire. Les indications générales du traitement topique antibactérien sont présentées. [Guaguere, E. Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma. (Traitement topique des pyodermites canines et félines). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 145–151.] Resumen Este articulo es una revisión de los productos tópicos antibacterianos más frecuentemente utilizados: peróxido de benzoilo, clorhexidina, povidona yodada, etillactato, triclosan, mupirocina, neomicina, polimixina B, bacitracina y ácido fusidico. Se incluye una revisión de la farmacocinética, mecanismos de acción, efectos colaterales y sus usos clínicos en dermatologia veterinaria. Se presentan recomendaciones generales para la terapia antibacteriana tópica. [Guaguere, E. Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma. (Tratamiento topico de la pioderma canina y felina). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 145–151.] Zusammenfassung— Diese Veröffentlichung besteht in einer Übersicht von häufig verwendeten topischen antibakteriellen Arzneimitteln: Benzoylperoxid, Chlorhexidin, Povidon-Jod, Ethyllaktat, Triklosan, Mupirocin, Neomycin, Polymyxin B, Bacitracin und Fusidinsäure. Mit eingeschlossen ist eine Übersicht über Pharmakokinetik, Wirkungsweise, Nebenwirkungen und klinische Anwendung in der Veterinärdermatologie. Allgemeine Empfehlungen für die lokale antibakterielle Therapie werden dargestellt. [Guaguere, E. Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma (Lokale Behandlung von kaninen und felinen Pyodermien). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 145–151.]     

新疆伊犁夏牧场铁、铜、锰、锌、硒营养生态环境的研究(Ⅱ)

本试验通过研究伊犁夏牧场不同年龄、不同性别绵羊羊毛与血液中铁、铜、锰、锌、硒5种微量元素的含量及变化规律,为夏季放牧绵羊科学补饲微量元素提供依据。选择在新疆伊犁夏牧场卡拉卓恩(南坡)和唐布拉草地(北坡)1 400~2 999 m垂直带放牧的中国美利奴羊(新疆型)羊毛和血液样品,测定其铁、铜、锰、锌和硒含量,并评估其微量元素的营养生态环境。结果表明,放牧绵羊羊毛铁、铜、锰、锌和硒含量分别为520.70、3.89、30.16、102.64 mg/kg和41.18 μg/kg,其中铜和硒分别低于正常值48.3%和79.7%,而铁高于正常值603.4%;血液中铁、铜、锰、锌和硒含量分别为357.05、4.18、0.25、3.08 mg/L和45.23 μg/L,其中铜、硒分别低于正常值29.9%和73.9%,而铁高于正常值95.5%。羊毛与血液中铁、铜、锰、锌、硒含量均随年龄而增加。不同性别绵羊间血液中锌、硒含量差异明显。     

An evaluation of pulse oximeters in dogs, cats and horses

Objective Evaluation of five pulse oximeters in dogs, cats and horses with sensors placed at five sites and hemoglobin saturation at three plateaus. Study design Prospective randomized multispecies experimental trial. Animals Five healthy dogs, cats and horses. Methods Animals were anesthetized and instrumented with ECG leads and arterial catheters. Five pulse oximeters (Nellcor Puritan Bennett‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and Surgi‐Vet V3304) with sensors at five sites were studied in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Ten readings (SpO₂) were taken at each of three hemoglobin saturation plateaus (98, 85 and 72%) in each animal. Arterial samples were drawn concurrently and hemoglobin saturation was measured with a co‐oximeter. Accuracy of saturation measurements was calculated as the root mean squared difference (RMSD), a composite of bias and precision, for each model tested in each species. Results Accuracy varied widely. In dogs, the RMSD for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 2.7, 2.2, 2.4, 1.7 and 2.7% respectively. Failure to produce readings for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 0, 0, 0.7, 0, and 20%, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients for the tongue, toe, ear, lip and prepuce or vulva were 0.95, 0.97, 0.69, 0.87 and 0.95, respectively. In horses, the RMSD for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 3.1, 3.0, 4.7, 3.3 and 2.1%, respectively while rates of failure to produce readings were 10, 21, 0, 17 and 60%, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients for the tongue, nostril, ear, lip and prepuce or vulva were 0.98, 0.94, 0.88, 0.93 and 0.94, respectively. In cats, the RMSD for all data for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 5.9, 5.6, 7.9, 7.9 and 10.7%, respectively while failure rates were 0, 0.7, 0, 20 and 32%, respectively. The correlation coefficients for the tongue, rear paw, ear, lip and front paw were 0.54, 0.79,.0.64, 0.49 and 0.57, respectively. For saturations above 90% in cats, the RMSD for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 2.6, 4.4, 4.0, 3.5 and 4.8%, respectively, while failure rates were 0, 1.7, 0, 25 and 43%, respectively. Conclusions and clinical relevance Accuracy and failure rates (failure to produce a reading) varied widely from model to model and from species to species. Generally, among the models tested in the clinically relevant range (90–100%) RMSD ranged from 2–5% while failure rates were highest in the V3304.     

犬常见肿瘤流行病学调查及组织病理学诊断

为探讨犬常见肿瘤的发病规律，试验收集哈尔滨地区2016-2017年宠物医院部分犬肿瘤病例71例，采用组织病理学方法对犬肿瘤进行病理学诊断，并对患病动物的品种、性别、年龄、发生部位和饮食情况与肿瘤发生关系进行统计分析。结果显示，71例确诊肿瘤病例中，恶性肿瘤28例，包括鳞状上皮细胞癌3例，基底细胞癌5例，乳腺癌14例，淋巴瘤2例，肾母细胞瘤、精原细胞癌、生殖细胞癌、侵袭性血管黏液瘤各1例；良性肿瘤43例，包括良性乳腺肿瘤15例，纤维瘤10例，平滑肌瘤5例，乳头状瘤和精原细胞瘤各3例，造釉细胞瘤、耵聍腺瘤、脂肪瘤、结节样增生、性索间质细胞瘤、颗粒细胞瘤、肛周腺瘤各1例。上述病例中，乳腺和皮肤是犬肿瘤的高发部位，分别占全部患犬的40.8%和34.0%；患病犬年龄1~16岁不等，平均发病年龄为9.1岁，7岁以后是肿瘤的高发期，中老年犬仍为主要发病群体，但低龄犬发病数量上升；各品种犬均可发生肿瘤，其中杂种犬发病率最高，其次是贵宾犬和京巴犬，且主要为乳腺肿瘤；饮食习惯主要以剩饭剩菜类和肉拌饭类为主，分别占患犬总数的39%和30%；部分肿瘤类型与犬的性别、是否绝育有关，如乳腺肿瘤多发生于未绝育的老年母犬。本研究结果为犬肿瘤的流行病学及诊断提供了参考依据，对犬肿瘤的预防和诊断有一定的借鉴意义。     

Partitioning of nutrient and trace elements in feed between body retention,faeces and urine by growing dairy-breed steers

The partitioning of nutrients and trace elements from feeds, drinking water and mineral supplements on growth, faeces and urine of growing cattle was studied with eight steers in a balanced Latin square design with two replicates, each comprising four treatments (diet compositions), four periods and four animals. The treatments were four rations with a silage proportion of 15, 30, 60 and 100% of the dry matter. Records were taken of the individual intake of silage, concentrates, mineral supplements and water, and excretions by collecting all urine and faeces. All feeds, urine, faeces and water were analysed for their content of Al, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, N, Na, Ni, P, S, Se, and Zn. Elements that were mainly excreted in faeces (Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, P, and Zn) tended to have a constant uptake in amount. As there is a fairly good correlation between DM consumption and faeces production, it is possible to estimate the amount of these elements excreted at farm level by analysing a faeces sample. Elements that are excreted in significant amounts in both faeces and urine (Cl, K, Mg, Mo, N, Na, S, and Se) tended to have a constant uptake over treatments as a fraction of the feed content. It is more difficult to estimate the amounts of these elements at farm level because it is more difficult to predict urine production than faeces production.     

血液中感染性炎症标志物研究进展

急性时相蛋白APP是与感染性炎症紧密相关的一类特异性蛋白。近年来,大量的研究表明,CRP、SAA、PCT、HP、AAG、CER、Eg、PA、leptin、ALB、P-FN等多种正负性急性期蛋白与感染性炎症均具有显著的相关性,且比检测体细胞、血沉、酶活性与含量变化等方法更加准确和可靠,可作为感染性炎症的炎症标志物。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒A节段编码序列cDNA基因的克隆和序列分析

对反转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴＰＣＲ）扩增克隆的传染性法氏囊病病毒超强毒Ｈａｒｂｉｎ毒株的Ａ节段编码序列ｃＤＮＡ基因进行了核苷酸序列分析。结果,克隆的Ａ节段基因共３１０１ｂｐ,包括两个完整的阅读框架ＯＲＦＡ１和ＯＲＦＡ２分别编码１０１２氨基酸的前体蛋白ＶＰ２４３和１４５氨基酸的ＶＰ５,两者有部分重叠。Ａ节段编码序列基因的克隆成功为分子流行病学和基因工程疫苗的研究奠定了基础。     

Evidence for multiple anthelmintic resistance in sheep and goats reared under the same management in coastal Kenya

Four experiments, two with sheep and two with goats, were carried out to determine the efficacy of ivermectin, fenbendazole, levamisole, closantel and some of their combinations by faecal egg count reduction tests. In the first experiment, injectable ivermectin, oral ivermectin, fenbendazole and levamisole were tested in 6-month-old lambs, and their reduction percentages were 77%, 13%, 42% and 92%, respectively. In the second experiment, with yearling sheep, the reduction percentages were 35% for injectable ivermectin, 32% for fenbendazole, 99% for levamisole, 48% for closantel, 92% for injectable ivermectin combined with fenbendazole, 99% for injectable ivermectin combined with levamisole, and 100% for fenbendazole combined with levamisole. In the study with 18-month-old goats given the same dose rates as those recommended for sheep, the reduction percentages were 73% for injectable ivermectin, 25% for fenbendazole, and 78% for levamisole. Another group of 14-month-old goats was treated with dose rates 1.5 times those recommended for sheep and the reduction percentages were 93% for levamisole, 92% for injectable ivermectin, and 97% for a combination of levamisole and ivermectin. In all experiments with sheep and goats the gastrointestinal nematode parasites identified by larval cultures were Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus spp. and Oesophagostomum spp. The gastrointestinal nematodes of both sheep and goats on this farm are resistant to ivermectin and fenbendazole, whereas levamisole is still effective in sheep, but not in goats. The results are discussed in relation to the farm as a source of breeding stock to smallholder farmers and its potential to spread anthelmintic resistance.     

猪GDF11基因部分序列的克隆及组织表达分析

为了探讨生长分化因子11(Growth differentiation factor11,GDF11,又名BMP11)在胸腰椎数变异中的作用,本试验克隆了该基因包含外显子2在内的部分编码区,并进一步采用RT-PCR技术对其在猪胚胎和初生仔猪中的表达进行了分析。结果表明,在35d的猪胚胎中,后肢、牙龈、脑、肝脏、肾脏、胸椎、腰椎各组织均有明显的表达,而在前肢、眼、心脏、肺脏中的表达较弱,在颈椎和荐尾椎中没有观察到GDF11的表达。在45d猪胚胎的后肢、脑、眼、胸椎组织中GDF11的表达较强,而在前肢、牙龈、肺脏、肾脏、腰椎和荐尾椎的表达相对较弱,在肝脏中的表达极其微弱。在心脏和颈椎中没有检测到GDF11的表达。在55d的猪胚胎中,前肢、后肢、脑、眼、肝脏、颈椎、胸椎、腰椎组织中有明显的表达,肺脏和肾脏组织中的表达较强,牙龈和荐尾椎中的表达较弱,而在心脏中没有检测到GDF11的表达。3d仔猪的后肢、牙龈、脑、肾脏和腰椎组织中GDF11有明显的表达,脾脏组织的表达量较高,前肢、肝脏、心脏、背腰最长肌和肺脏中的表达相对较弱,在眼、颈椎和荐尾椎中的表达极弱,在胸椎中没有检测到表达。在所检测的不同时期的所有组织中,脑和肾脏组织表达明显地高于其他组织。     

Blood serum characteristics of newborn pigs: comparison of unaffected pigs with pigs belonging to five mortality groups.

The blood serum levels of glucose, hemoglobin, insulin, cortisol, albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, alpha 2-macroglobulin f and s, alpha 2-antitrypsin inhibitor and alpha 1-protease inhibitor were determined at birth in 5 clinically and morphologically identified mortality groups of pigs. These were compared with the levels observed in unaffected, apparently normal newborn unsuckled pigs. The blood serum profile of the pigs in the stillborn intra partum, weak, splayleg and trauma groups, respectively, as well as that of clinically normal splayleg littermates, differed significantly from that of the unaffected pigs. This was especially true for the levels of hemoglobin and the two macroglobulins. The importance of placental insufficiency causing chronic episodes of hypoxia which ultimately lead to a disturbance in organ development in the etiology of the mortality groups is discussed.