氢氧化钙尿素食盐复合调制稻草的效果研究

用氢氧化钙、尿素、食盐组成的复合处理剂调制稻草 ,共设 8个处理组 ,稻草水分调至 4 5 % ,填紧压实 ,密封保存于贮罐内 1个月 ,然后用瘤胃尼龙袋法测定稻草有效降解率 ,分析相关营养指标。试验结果表明 :①复合处理剂可提高稻草中CP、Ash、Ca含量 ,降低 (P <0 .0 1)NDF、ADF含量。复合处理剂可极显著地提高 (P <0 .0 1)稻草中DM、OM、NDF有效降解率 ,其中以H组 ,即 4 %Ca(OH) 2 +4% (NH2 ) 2 CO +2 %NaCl处理组效果最佳 ,与对照、A组比较 ,分别提高DM、OM、NDF有效降解率 4 4 .0 4 %、4 3.0 5 %、31.85 % ,其效果优于Ca(OH) 2 +尿素处理稻草或单独用尿素处理稻草的效果 ,差异极显著 (P <0 .0 1)。生产实践中应用时 ,要考虑反刍动物的消化生理特点和秸秆加工成本 ,可适当降低尿素和食盐添加量。②复合处理剂中添加食盐、尿素有利于提高 (P <0 .0 1)稻草中DM、OM、NDF有效降解率 ,2 %食盐添加量优于 1%食盐添加量 ,4 %尿素添加量优于 2 %尿素添加量     

处理稻草效果更好氢氧化钙与食盐结合

现在有不少养殖户认识到利用优良牧草饲养家畜、家禽的好处,并已涌入种草养畜禽的行列。但怎样利用优良牧草喂养畜禽才能获得最好的经济效益,这其中是有技巧的。在饲喂过程中可以采取以下方法:定时给料:每天固定时间给畜禽喂料,白天多喂草料,晚上多喂精料,使畜禽形成条件反射,这样可以提高饲草的利用率。先粗后精:即先喂粗饲料,后喂精饲料。利用这种方法饲喂畜禽时,对它们的消化是很有好处的。在采食高潮过后,食槽里还应留有少量的青粗饲料,以便其自由采食。由少到多:更换牧草品种时,应由少到多,逐渐过渡,让畜禽有一个适应过程。如果突然强…     

亚硫酸钠和亚硫酸铵处理稻草提高其营养价值的效果研究

用0%亚硫酸铵、4%亚硫酸铵、8%亚硫酸铵、4%尿素、8%亚硫酸铵+等当量盐酸、8%亚硫酸钠、8%亚硫酸钠+等当量盐酸处理稻草,水分调至45%,填紧压实,密封保存于贮罐内1个月,然后用瘤胃尼龙袋法测定稻草有效降解率,分析相关营养指标。试验结果表明:①4%亚硫酸铵、8%亚硫酸铵可显著提高稻草中粗蛋白(CP)、硫(S)及粗灰分(Ash)含量,降低中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量;可显著提高(P<0.05)稻草中干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)有效降解率,降低(P<0.05)NDF有效降解率。其效果不及4%尿素处理稻草的效果;②8%亚硫酸钠可显著提高稻草中Ash和S元素含量,大幅度降低NDF、ADF含量;8%亚硫酸钠可提高稻草DM、OM、NDF有效降解率,其效果优于尿素,差异极显著(P<0.01);③8%亚硫酸钠处理稻草效果优于4%尿素、8%亚硫酸铵、4%亚硫酸铵;8%亚硫酸钠、8%亚硫酸铵与等当量的盐酸反应可生成亚硫酸氢盐及SO2,用其处理稻草的效果与8%亚硫酸钠、8%亚硫酸铵单独处理稻草的效果相比,前者使有效降解率显著(P<0.05)下降,后者相差不大(P>0.05),因此添加盐酸没有意义。     

亚硫酸铵对稻草瘤胃有效降解率的影响

用0%、4%、8%的亚硫酸铵处理稻草,水分调至45%,填紧压实,密封保存于贮罐内1个月,然后用瘤胃尼龙袋法测定稻草有效降解率,分析相关营养指标。试验结果表明:4%、8%的亚硫酸铵可显著提高(P<0.01)稻草中CP、S元素含量,分别提高CP83.80%、174%,S370%、465%;显著降低(P<0.01)NDF、ADF含量,分别降低NDF5.48%、6.98%,ADF3.94%、14.16%。可显著提高(P<0.01)稻草中DM、OM有效降解率,其中8%亚硫酸铵分别提高DM、OM有效降解率12.57%、13.11%,显著降低(P<0.01)NDF有效降解率13.54%。     

稻草秸秆微生物饲料在山羊瘤胃内DM动态降解参数的研究

试验选用3只健康的安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的波杂羊,采用尼龙袋法测定不同稻草秸秆微生物饲料的动态降解参数。结果表明：发酵饲料DM的快速降解部分（a）、慢速降解部分（b）、降解速度（c）、有效降解率（ED）在不同含水量、不同发酵时间下有显著差异,a、b值变化趋势一致,c、ED值的变化趋势一致。其中以60％组发酵30d饲料的a、b、ED值最高,分别为7．60％、39．37％、38．75％,高于0d（P〈0．01）、10d（P〈0．01）、20d（P〈0．05）的发酵饲料;c值为0．0758／h,显著高于0d（P〈0．01）。结果显示,含水分60％的饲料发酵30d的降解速度最快,DM有效降解率最高。     

氢氧化钙与食盐结合处理稻草效果更好

我们于2000年6～10月在中国农业科学院畜牧所进行了试验,分别用0%(A)、4%氢氧化钙(B)、4%氢氧化钙加1%食盐(C)、4%氢氧化钙加2%食盐(D)处理稻草,水分调至45%,填紧压实,密封保存于贮罐内1个月,然后用瘤胃尼龙袋法测定稻草有效降解率,分析相关营养指标。试验结果表明,复合处理效果优于单独用氢氧化钙处理稻草的效果,有效降解率随着食盐添加量的提高而提高,表明食盐对提高稻草营养价值有重要作用。4%的氢氧化钙是处理秸秆比较理想的浓度,所以本试验未设碱化处理梯度。提高干物质有效降解率36.80%,提高中性洗涤纤维降解率7.54%。氢氧化钙与食…     

氢氧化钙尿素复合处理芨芨草的效果研究

分别用4％尿素、4％尿素 4％氢氧化钙处理芨芨草，试验结果表明：氢氧化钙尿素复合处理剂可极显著(P＜O．01)提高芨芨草粗蛋白含量，比对照组提高142．61％，增加5．79个百分点。NDF舍量比对照组降低11．51％(P＜0．01)。钙含量比对照组提高1．92倍(P＜0．01)。4％尿素处理芨芨草后．芨芨草DM中CP含量比对照组增加145．81％(P＜0．01)。氢氧化钙尿素复合处理芨芨草后．可分别提高芨芨草DM、OM、NDF有效降解率55．08％、62．04％、28．89oA(P＜0．01)。4％尿素可分别提高芨芨草DM、0M、NDF有效降解率46．61％、50．87％、18．80％(P＜0．01)。     

尿素和氢氧化钙处理作物秸秆提高营养价值的研究

秸秆经尿素氨化处理后干物质瘤胃降解率和尿素残留量明显受秸秆含水量、尿素用量、处理温度和时间的影响。用尿素处理作物秸秆含水量以40％最佳,尿素用量在40—60克/公斤干物质之间为宜,在0℃、15℃和25℃的环境下,处理时间分别在90天,60天和40天以上的处理效果较好。单独用Ca(OH)_2处理秸秆虽然可明显提高秸秆干物质在瘤胃中的降解率,但秸秆发霉严重,加入20克/公斤干物质以上的尿素便可防止发霉,并大幅度继续提高秸秆干物质降解率(P<0.01)。用尿素和Ca(OH)_2同时处理秸秆明显优于单独处理的效果。     

经尿素和氢氧化钙处理过的稻草对奶牛采食量、消化率、瘤胃发酵及产奶量的影响

根据3×3拉丁方实验设计法,将9头处于泌乳中期,体重(385±30)kg的经产荷斯坦杂交奶牛随机分配成3个实验组,分别饲喂未经处理的稻草、5.5%尿素处理的稻草、2.2%尿素+2.2%氢氧化钙处理的稻草,并进行采食量、粪便和瘤胃液体样本的收集和化学分析。通过对实验结果的分析比较,得出结论:饲喂5.5%尿素处理的稻草或2.2%尿素+2.2%氢氧化钙处理的稻草比单纯风干的稻草更加有利;同时,2.2%尿素+2.2%氢氧化钙处理的稻草可以作为5.5%尿素处理稻草的替代。     

氢氧化钙与尿素复合处理对小麦秸营养品质的影响

通过化学成分分析、活体外消化率测定和绵羊饲养试验，研究了2％尿素与氢氧化钙复合处理对小麦秸营养价值的影响。结果表明，秸秆中氮保留率直接受氢氧化钙的影响（P〈0．01），氢氧化钙大于6％时，氮保留率可达到98％。2％尿素和氢氧化钙复合处理，氢氧化钙为4％时，提高营养价值效果与单纯6％尿素处理相当；氢氧化钙为6％时，效果与4％NaOH处理相当。羊的饲养试验表明，2％尿素和6％氢氧化钙复合处理小麦秸效果最好。     

Performance of sheep offered ammonia, or urea-calcium hydroxide treated rice straw as an only feed

The effect of ammonia (AS) and urea‐calcium hydroxide (US) treated rice straw as a sole diet on the voluntary intake, digestibility of feed components, nitrogen retention, rumen parameters and microbial nitrogen yield of Suffolk ewes, were compared in a double 2 × 2 latin square design. The digestibility of feed components was not differed in sheep offered either AS or US. Dry matter intake was higher in AS (28 g/kg BW^0.75) than US (22 g/kg BW^0.75). Although there was high nitrogen intake in sheep given AS diet, this did not result in higher nitrogen retention compared with US diet. No difference was observed in purine derivatives or microbial nitrogen supply between the two groups. The rumen ammonia‐N of sheep offered AS or US exhibited a similar trend in diurnal change with the peak at 1.5–2.5 h after feeding and decline gradually thereafter. However, volatile fatty acid production peaked at approximately 8 h after evening feed and then steadily declined. AS and US diets led sheep to lose weight. In conclusion, urea‐calcium hydroxide treated straw can be used for sheep as an alternative to ammonia treated straw. Without supplementation, ammonia or urea‐calcium hydroxide treated straw was not sufficient even for the maintenance of sheep.     

Improving the quality of rice straw by urea and calcium hydroxide on rumen ecology,microbial protein synthesis in beef cattle

Four rumen‐fistulated beef cattle were randomly assigned to four treatments according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design to study the influence of urea and calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)₂] treatment of rice straw to improve the nutritive value of rice straw. Four dietary treatments were as follows: untreated rice straw, 50 g/kg urea‐treated rice straw, 20 g/kg urea + 20 g/kg calcium hydroxide‐treated rice straw and 30 g/kg urea + 20 g/kg calcium hydroxide‐treated rice straw. All animals were kept in individual pens and fed with concentrate at 0.5 g/kg of BW (DM), rice straw was fed ad libitum. The experiment was conducted for four periods, and each period lasted for 21 days. During the first 14 days, DM feed intake measurements were made while during the last 7 days, all cattle were moved to metabolism crates for total faeces and urine collections. The results revealed that 20 g/kg urea + 20 g/kg calcium hydroxide‐treated rice straw improved the nutritive value of rice straw, in terms of dry matter intake, digestibility, ruminal volatile fatty acids, population of bacteria and fungi, nitrogen retention and microbial protein synthesis. Based on this study, it could be concluded that using urea plus calcium hydroxide was one alternative method to improve the nutritive value of rice straw, rumen ecology and fermentation and thus a reduction of treatment cost.     

平菇处理水稻秸秆在乳山羊上的应用潜力

文章旨在评估用平菇和水稻秸秆混合培养的饲料原料替代常规牧草资源苜蓿草对乳山羊泌乳性能、养分消化、瘤胃发酵及乳成分的影响.试验选择产后5?d,平均体重为(24.21±0.23)kg的泌乳山羊36头,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复3头.对照组饲喂60％浓缩料+40％苜蓿草,T1和T2组用40％和80％平菇发酵水稻秸秆...     

Effects of treating rice straw with urea or urea and calcium hydroxide upon intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation and milk yield of dairy cows

Three, multiparous Holstein crossbred dairy cows with initial body weight of 385 ± 19 kg were randomly allocated to 3 treatments of rice straw (T1 = untreated rice straw; T2 = 5.5% urea-treated rice straw (5 g urea in 100 ml water to 100 g air-dry (91% DM) straw); T3 = 2.2% urea + 2.2% calcium hydroxide treated rice straw (2.0 g urea and 2.0 g Ca(OH)₂ in 100 ml to 100 g air-dry (91% DM) straw) according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design. Each period lasted for 21 days in which feed, feces and rumen fluid were collected during the last 7 days for chemical analyses. The findings revealed significant improvements in dry matter intake and digestibility by using 5.5% urea-treated rice straw and 2.2% urea + 2.2% calcium hydroxide treated rice straw. Ruminal pH and NH₃-N were found higher (P < 0.05) as compared with urea-treated rice straw fed group, while blood urea nitrogen and milk urea nitrogen were in normal ranges. Volatile fatty acid concentrations especially those of acetic acid were decreased (P < 0.05) and those of propionic acid were increased (P < 0.05), thus acetic acid:propionic acid was subsequently lowered (P < 0.05) in cows fed with 5.5% urea-treated rice straw and 2.2% urea + 2.2% calcium hydroxide treated rice straw, respectively. Moreover, ruminal viable and cellulolytic bacterial counts were enhanced by urea and calcium hydroxide treatments. Milk protein and fat concentrations were additionally increased by respective treatments while 3.5% fat-corrected milk was highest; ranking from 2.2% urea + 2.2% calcium hydroxide treated rice straw, 5.5% urea-treated rice straw and urea-treated rice straw fed groups. Based on this study, implications could be made that using 2.2% urea + 2.2% calcium hydroxide treated rice straw for straw treatment could be an alternative treatment to 5.5% urea treatment with regards to its effectiveness and treatment cost for lactating dairy cows.     

稻草加酶青贮饲喂育成牛的效果研究

本研究以新鲜晚稻草为原料，探讨了添加Ｓｔｒａｗｚｙｍｅ酶制剂对青贮晚稻草发酵品质和育成牛生产性能的影响。试验设３个处理，试验１组每吨稻草（ＤＭ）加酶８００克和麸皮５０千克；试验２组每吨稻草加酶８００克；对照组只加水调制。各处理和２组的采食量分别对照组高５８．６％，３２．２％；日增重分别比对照组高３４．３％和１１．８％。青贮晚稻草中添加Ｓｔｒａｗｚｙｍｅ可以改善青贮晚稻草的发酵品质，提高营养价值。     

枯黄期骆驼刺与稻草混贮对青贮饲料品质的影响

采用枯黄期骆驼刺、稻草及其二者不同比例混合料为青贮原料,通过鉴定感官指标,分析青贮料的pH值、CP、NDF、ADF、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、乳酸及总酸的变化,研究骆驼刺与稻草不同比例混贮对青贮品质的影响。结果表明,骆驼刺虽然是豆科牧草,却容易成功青贮,青贮发酵以乳酸发酵为主(乳酸/总酸大于50%);骆驼刺与稻草混贮,能显著提高稻草青贮原料的可溶性碳水化合物含量(P＜0.05),降低pH值和NH₃-N/TN的百分比(P＜0.01),提高混贮料中乳酸,丙酸(P＜0.01)和总酸(P＜0.05)含量,骆驼刺占混贮料的40%以上时就能显著降低青贮料中丁酸(P＜0.05)的含量,改善稻草的青贮品质。