绵羊Fsp27基因组织表达、多态性及其与不同绵羊品种尾脂沉积能力的关联性分析

旨在研究绵羊Fsp27基因的组织表达/多态性及其与不同绵羊品种尾脂沉积能力的关联性。本研究采用qRT-PCR检测了营养充足期阿勒泰羊不同组织中Fsp27基因的表达情况,同时对营养充足期和营养匮乏期阿勒泰羊尾脂组织中Fsp27基因的表达情况进行了定量分析,采用PCR-SSCP结合测序技术检测了5个不同尾脂沉积能力绵羊品种Fsp27基因的突变情况,并分析了相关突变与绵羊尾脂沉积能力的关联性。结果表明,Fsp27基因在营养充足期阿勒泰羊尾脂中高表达,其表达量极显著高于其他组织（P<0.01）,在肾周脂肪和皮下脂肪组织中的表达量也较高,极显著高于心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胃、肠、皮肤和骨骼肌组织（P<0.01）。在心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胃、肠、皮肤和骨骼肌组织中呈微量表达,且各组织间差异不显著（P>0.05）。另外,营养充足期阿勒泰羊尾脂中Fsp27基因的表达量极显著高于营养匮乏期（P<0.01）。绵羊Fsp27基因在不同尾脂沉积能力品种群体中共检测到25个突变位点,其中位于第3外显子g.16771741的G/A突变以及第5外显子g.16774969的C/T突变均为错义突变,且与绵羊尾脂沉积能力高度相关。g.16771741的G/A突变在尾脂沉积能力较强的阿勒泰羊、小尾寒羊和湖羊群体中以G等位基因为主,分别占到86.8%、83.7%和85.7%,而尾脂沉积能力较差的中国美利奴细毛羊和萨福克羊群体中G等位基因分别仅占30.3%和11.1%。g.16774969的C/T突变在阿勒泰羊群体中以T等位基因为主,TT基因型占84.7%,CT基因型占15.3%,没有检测到CC基因型;在短脂尾型的小尾寒羊和湖羊群体中,TT和CT基因型也分别占到65.9%、50.4%和22.7%、41.1%,而在长瘦尾的中国美利奴细毛羊和萨福克羊群体中则以CC基因型为主,分别占到97.4%和69.4%,没有检测到TT基因型。以上研究结果表明,Fsp27基因在阿勒泰羊尾脂中高表达,且其在尾脂中的表达量与阿勒泰羊的营养状态密切相关,Fsp27基因第3外显子g.16771741的G/A突变以及第5外显子g.16774969的C/T突变与绵羊尾脂沉积能力高度相关,可以作为理想的分子标记用于低脂肪绵羊品种的选育。     

Evaluation of the gamma interferon ELISA in sheep subclinically infected with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis using a whole-cell sonicate or a johnin purified-protein derivative.

The aim of the study reported here was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) ELISA for paratuberculosis in sheep using receiver-operating characteristic analysis. Bacteriologic culture of tissues was used to define the reference positive population (n = 33). Two reference negative populations were used: culture-negative sheep from infected flocks (n = 77), and sheep from noninfected flocks (n = 358). We also evaluated the accuracy of 2 Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) antigen preparations, a whole-cell sonicate (MpS) and a johnin purified-protein derivative (PPDj). The source of the reference negative sheep used in the analysis affected overall accuracy of the IFN-gamma ELISA. The area under the curve was 0.683 (95% confidence interval 0.574-0.787), using culture-negative sheep from infected flocks, was 0.831 (0.764-0.889), using sheep from noninfected flocks for the MpS, and was 0.809 (0.726-0.881) and 0.897 (0.862-0.925) for the PPDj, respectively. Using the MpS, the cut point that classified the most sheep correctly was an optical density reading of 0.20, for sensitivity of 40.7% (19.4-57.6) and specificity of 88.7% (77.0-95.7) or 97.6% (93.04-99.5), depending on the reference negative population used. Using the PPDj, the cut point that classified the most sheep correctly was 0.25 for sensitivity of 66.7% (47.2-82.7) and specificity of 93.5% (85.5-97.9) or 98.3% (96.4-99.4), respectively. The PPDj was more accurate at identifying MAP-infected sheep than was the MpS (P = 0.034).     

Occurrence of ovine herpesvirus type-2 infection in sheep and cattle in Samsun Province, Turkey

July 2004, a cow with clinical signs of ovine herpesvirus type-2 infection which is known as sheep associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) was reported in Samsun Province in Turkey. Blood samples were collected from the suspected cow, 10 sheep housed with it, and from 150 healthy sheep and 29 healthy cattle randomly selected from different places in Samsun Province. Nested polymerase chain reaction (n-PCR) was used to detect ovine herpesvirus type-2 (OvHV-2) DNA in the suspected cow and competitive- ELISA (c-ELISA) kits were used to detect antibodies against OvHV-2. The suspected cow was found to be n-PCR positive and c-ELISA negative. The serological results were as follows: All 10 (100%) of sheep housed with the suspected cow and 18 of 29 (62%) of the randomly selected cattle were found seropositive. All 150 randomly selected healthy sheep were seronegative. The overall percentage of seropositivity was 14.7% (28/190). OvHV-2 DNA was detected in the peripheral blood leucocyte (PBL) samples of the cow and of the 10 sheep housed with the suspected cow.     

灌南县域肉羊源人兽共患隐孢子虫的流行病学调查及其类型分析

以隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium spp.)18S rRNA为靶基因,通过巢氏PCR检测发现在采集的101份新鲜粪便样品中18份样本为阳性。不同地区羊场的隐孢子虫感染率分别为：李集镇36%(18/50),新安镇0%(0/30)、堆沟港镇0%(0/21)未检出隐孢子虫。但通过对4羊场的分析发现,有2个羊场(50%)为隐孢子虫感染阳性,且不同的羊场感染率差异显著,因此单纯的以地区来评价隐孢子虫的感染率,是值得商榷的。山羊隐孢子虫的感染率为33.3%,湖羊隐孢子虫的感染率为2%。2～6月龄的育肥羊隐孢子虫的感染率为36%,6～10月龄的育成羊(0%)。对检测为阳性的样品进行了隐孢子虫18S rRNA基因片段序列分析,发现18个样品全部为肖氏隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium xiaoi),不存在泛在隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium ubiquitum)。在检测隐孢子虫感染阳性的1个山羊场和1个羊湖羊场均存在肖氏隐孢子虫感染,不存在泛在隐孢子虫,更未发现肖氏隐孢子虫和泛在隐孢子虫的混合感染。目前的数据提示肖氏隐孢子虫对2～6月龄山羊(33.3%)和湖羊(2%)具有更高的...     

伊维菌素浇泼剂对绵羊狂蝇蛆的杀灭效果观察

应用伊维菌素浇泼剂对感染羊鼻蝇幼虫的249只绵羊进行驱治试验,并留30只感染羊作为阳性对照组,投药后33～37d剖检。结果：阳性对照组羊鼻蝇幼虫感染率为53．33％,平均感染强度9．5（4～17）：伊维菌素浇泼剂对感染羊鼻蝇幼虫的驱净率97．62％,驱虫率98．74％。     

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and alpacas (Llama pacos) in Chile.

Serum samples from 408 sheep from different regions of Chile and 447 alpacas (Llama pacos) from the north of the country were tested for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. The indirect haemagglutination test (IHAT) was used in both species and the indirect immunofluorescence test (IIFT) was also used on the sheep samples in order to compare the performance of the tests in that species. In both tests, titers ≥1:16 were considered diagnostically significant. Sera from 49 sheep (12%) were positive to T. gondii antibodies by the IHAT. When using the IIFT, 114 sheep sera (28%) were positive. The different results obtained in sheep sera between the tests were significant (p<0.0001). No differences were observed between geographical locations or sex of the sampled sheep regarding serological detection of T. gondii antibodies in sheep. As expected, adult sheep showed higher T. gondii reactivity than young sheep (p=0.0008). The corrected prevalence of toxoplasmosis in alpaca was 16.3% (32 positive out of 447). The rather low prevalence in alpacas may be associated with their extensive management as well as the extreme climatic conditions of The Andes which apparently would not be favorable for the transmission of the parasite.     

Mycoplasma conjunctivae infection is self-maintained in the Swiss domestic sheep population

Bacteriological and serological investigations were performed to assess whether the domestic sheep population is a reservoir of Mycoplasma conjunctivae in Switzerland. Among a sample of 69 sheep showing clinical signs of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) in three Swiss cantons, M. conjunctivae was identified 53 times (76.8%). A commercially prepared indirect ELISA was used to detect M. conjunctivae antibodies in 674 sera of adult sheep. We analysed a stratified random sample of 123 sheep herds from 25 out of the 26 Swiss cantons. At least one positive animal was detected in 89.4% of the herds. In positive herds (n=110), 57.1% of the individual animals tested positive. To assess the importance of sheep's age in the spread of M. conjunctivae, 209 sera of adult sheep and 93 lamb sera among eight sheep herds were analysed using the indirect ELISA. Seroprevalence in 2-6-month-old lambs was 50.5%, indicating that the IKC agent is spread in sheep flocks during raising. Lambs experimentally infected with M. conjunctivae carried the agent for 8 and 23 weeks, respectively, depending on the strain used for challenge. We conclude that the M. conjunctivae-infection is endemic and self-maintained in the domestic sheep population in Switzerland.     

2018年西安市牛羊布鲁氏菌病血清学调查与防控对策

为全面了解2018年西安市牛羊布鲁氏菌病(Brucellosis,布病)的流行情况,采用虎红平板凝集试验(RBPT)和试管凝集试验(SAT)对28901份牛羊血清样品进行检测和确诊。结果显示6997份牛血清样品中检出阳性样品150份,21904份羊血清样品中检出阳性样品140份,牛个体阳性率为2.14%,羊个体阳性率为0.64%,牛羊个体阳性率为1.00%。根据调查结果,提出布病防控的建议和对策。     

Comparison on the Growth Performance between F1 Hybrid of Small-tail Han Sheep × Hu Sheep and Small-tail Han Sheep

This experiment was carried out to evaluate heterosis of the F1 hybrid of female Small-tail Han sheep and male Hu sheep in growth performance.The newborn lambs from Small-tail Han sheep and F1 hybrid of Small-tail Han sheep × Hu sheep were used in supplementary feeding (6 to 45 days old ) and fattening (46 to 150 days old) under the same conditions.The results showed that F1 hybrid were extremely significantly higher than Small-tail Han sheep in birth weight,weaning weight,three months weight and five months weight (P < 0.01),which were increased by 20.00%,25.17%,19.92% and 20.42%,respectively.The average daily gain of F1 were also extremely significantly higher than that of Small-tail Han sheep in both supplementary feeding period and fattening period (P < 0.01),the increase were 26.91% and 17.63%,respectively.At 5-month old,body height,chest circumference and cannon circumference of F1 hybrid were extremely significantly higher than that of Small-tail Han sheep (P < 0.01),but the body length had no significant difference (P > 0.05).The diarrhea rate of F1 hybrid was 8.33% lower than that of Small-tail Han sheep,and the survival rate was 5.55% higher.In addition,the economic benefit of F1 hybrid was 69.34% more than that of Small-tail Han sheep at the end of the experiment.The results suggested that the heterosis was obvious,meanwhile the survival rate and pre-slaughter live weight of F1 progenies could be significantly improved.     

湖寒杂交F1代与小尾寒羊生长性能比较研究

试验旨在研究母本小尾寒羊与父本湖羊的杂交F1代在生长性能方面具有的杂交效果。试验以小尾寒羊为对照,选择新生（0日龄）小尾寒羔羊和湖寒杂交F1代羔羊,在相同舍饲饲养条件下,进行羔羊补饲（6~45日龄）和育肥（46~150日龄）试验研究。结果显示,杂交F1代羊初生重、断奶重、3月龄体重、5月龄体重分别比小尾寒羊提高20.00%、25.17%、19.92%及20.42%,差异极显著（P < 0.01）;补饲期和育肥期的平均日增重分别比小尾寒羊提高26.91%（P < 0.01）和17.63%（P < 0.01）。湖寒杂交F1代羊育肥到5月龄时,其体高、胸围、管围等生长指标极显著高于小尾寒羊（P < 0.01）,而体斜长不存在显著性差异（P > 0.05）。杂交F1代羔羊腹泻率比小尾寒羊降低8.33%,成活率提高5.55%。试验期末,5月龄杂交F1代羊经济效益比小尾寒羊提高69.34%。研究表明,利用湖羊改良本地肉羊品种小尾寒羊,其羔羊成活率和宰前活重明显提高,杂种优势明显。     

Detection of Oestrus ovis and associated risk factors in sheep from the central region of Yucatan, Mexico

A cross-sectional epidemiologic study was conducted in order to detect the presence of and to estimate the seroprevalence of Oestrus ovis L. infection in flocks of sheep from the central region of the state of Yucatan, Mexico. The risk factors associated with disease were also identified. A sample size of 10 animals per farm was used to detect seropositive animals, considering a 30% prevalence and 95% confidence level. Blood samples of 689 sheep from 88 flocks were collected and a questionnaire with questions about the flock and the host was applied. The thin layer immune assay test was used. The risk factors were screened using logistic regression procedures. 77% of the flocks had at least one-positive animal with antibodies against O. ovis. The overall seroprevalence and standard error was 30.6 +/- 3.5%. Only flock size and sheep nose color showed association (P < 0.05) with the disease. The odds ratios for flocks with less than 11 and with 11 to 25 sheep, as related to herds with 25 or more sheep, were 0.74 and 1.73, respectively. Sheep with dark noses had a higher risk (OR = 1.46) compared with sheep having light noses (P < 0.05).     

The efficacy of ivermectin jetting fluid for control of blowfly strike on sheep under field conditions

SUMMARY Seventeen trials involving 5737 sheep were conducted to test the efficacy of ivermectin jetting fluid (30 ppm in water) for the control of blowfly strike when applied to sheep either by standard hand jetting or through an automatic jetting race. Sheep were observed for up to 14 weeks after treatment and all strikes recorded. The level of fly challenge varied between trials, resulting in strike rates in untreated sheep ranging between 0 and 94%. At 12 weeks after treatment there were 93% fewer strikes in hand jetted sheep and 84% fewer strikes in machine jetted sheep when compared with untreated sheep. At this time point there was a 90%, 86% and 93% reduction in poll, body and breech strikes, respectively, when hand jetting was used, whereas machine jetting reduced poll, body, breech and pizzle strikes by 84%, 81%, 79% and 100%, respectively.     

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and alpacas (Llama pacos) in Chile

Serum samples from 408 sheep from different regions of Chile and 447 alpacas (Llama pacos) from the north of the country were tested for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. The indirect haemagglutination test (IHAT) was used in both species and the indirect immunofluorescence test (IIFT) was also used on the sheep samples in order to compare the performance of the tests in that species. In both tests, titers ≥1:16 were considered diagnostically significant. Sera from 49 sheep (12%) were positive to T. gondii antibodies by the IHAT. When using the IIFT, 114 sheep sera (28%) were positive. The different results obtained in sheep sera between the tests were significant (p<0.0001). No differences were observed between geographical locations or sex of the sampled sheep regarding serological detection of T. gondii antibodies in sheep. As expected, adult sheep showed higher T. gondii reactivity than young sheep (p=0.0008). The corrected prevalence of toxoplasmosis in alpaca was 16.3% (32 positive out of 447). The rather low prevalence in alpacas may be associated with their extensive management as well as the extreme climatic conditions of The Andes which apparently would not be favorable for the transmission of the parasite.     

Deaths in sheep exported by sea from Western Australia - analysis of ship Master''s reports

Mortality reports were studied for 181 shipments of live sheep from Western Australia to the Middle East and Singapore in 1985 and 1986. Samples of pelleted feed for 93 shipments were analysed for quality. Overall death rate in the 6.46 million sheep exported in the period of the study was 2.18%. In sheep bound for the Middle East, most of the deaths occurred during the voyage (overall rate 1.7%, range 0.4-4.4% per shipment), although substantial mortality was recorded during discharge (rate 0.4%, range 0.0-1.8%). There were few deaths during loading (rate 0.07%, range 0.0-0.8%). Deaths in sheep bound for Singapore were almost 10-fold lower than those sent to the Middle East. Several findings suggested that ship design and management may contribute to mortality. Death rates were invariably low on some ships and often high on others. Death rates were nearly always higher in enclosed decks than in open decks on 4 vessels, and point epidemics of mortality were observed in several shipments. Temperature and relative humidity measured on the ship's bridge were not closely related to daily death rate. Antibiotics estimated to cost $226,000 were used during 33 voyages in 1986 and were considered of dubious efficacy on shipboard mortality. Analysis of feed pellets used on ship showed that the quality of the diet was within the range set by draft national standards for pellets used in the live sheep export industry.     

Plasma ronidazole concentrations in sheep after intravenous, oral, intraruminal and intraabomasal administration

Plasnia ronidazole concentrations were examined after intravenous (i.v.) antloral administration of ronidazole in sheep (t i = 6) at;I dosage of 5 mg/kg Iiody weight. In three sheep a ruminal and an abomasal fistula were inserted. l'heronidazole determinations were performed by an HPLC method. Oral bioav;iil-ability in the fistulated sheep was only 5.5 k 1.8% (mean k SE). Somewhat lower values (4.6 k 1.45%) were obtained when the drug was administered through the ruminal fistula in the rumen. After administration of the sanie dose directly in the abomasum through the intraaboiiiasal fistula, 1)ioavailability was increased t o 86.0 k 8.9%. In the non-fistulated sheep, oral biodisponibility was 2.6 k 0.5%.
After water was restricted for 48 h before the oral ronidazole administration t o
these sheep, bioavailability was slightly increased (6.0 k 9.1 %). When desmo-
pressin acetate was injected i.v. before the oral ronidazole;idministration,
bioavailability was 10.6 k 6.5%. When glypressiii,;t1101her vasopressin analogue,
was used, oral bioavailability was not influenced: 2.4 f 1.3%. Konitlazole was
also incubated with ruminal contents antl the ronitlamle concer1tr;ition tle-
creased with a first order rate constant of '0.122 rfr 0.050 miri-' (mean f SF,).
These results suggest that oral atfrniiiistration of ronidazole to sheep is o f little
therapeutic use, because most is metabolised by the ruminal triicro-organisiiis
before it can reach the circulation. A second conclusion we can make is that i t is
very difficult, if not impossible, at least with the methods used, to influence
gastro-intestinal motility in sheep to get a reprotlucahle closure of I he
oesophageal groove.     

Characteristics of drug use on sheep farms in Ontario, Canada

This study examined characteristics of the use of drugs, especially antimicrobials, on Ontario sheep farms. Forty-nine sheep farms participated in a 12-month prospective study. Producers documented treatment events during the study period and drug use data from the records were summarized. The most frequently used drugs of the 15 drug categories used by producers belonged to the following categories: antimicrobial (40.7%, n=2710), vitamin/mineral (12.0%), and biological (11.1%). Short-acting penicillin (27.2%, n=1103), long-acting oxytetracycline (22.9%), and long-acting penicillin (21.9%) were the most frequently used antimicrobials. The drugs that were used most frequently on sheep farms were antimicrobials, of which 93% of treatments were extra-label. Extensive extra-label drug use may be the result of the limited number of drugs that are approved in Canada for use in sheep.     

小尾寒羊高繁殖力候选基因ESR在同期发情处理过程中的表达分析

试验选择高繁殖力小尾寒羊为试验动物,采用公认的CIDR结合外源激素处理使其同期发情,与自然发情及乏情的小尾寒羊作对比,利用反转录荧光定量RT-PCR和Western blotting技术研究雌激素受体(estrogen receptor, ESR)基因在卵巢细胞中的表达差异,同时对其启动子区的甲基化岛进行了分析。结果发现,自然发情绵羊和外源激素处理发情的羊在发情表现和时间上无明显差别;在转录水平的检测结果上也无显著性差异(P＞0.05);但是它们显著高于在乏情期绵羊卵巢细胞内的表达(P＜0.05)。尽管激素处理的同期发情羊卵巢细胞内的ESR蛋白表达量显著高于乏情期绵羊,但是仍然显著低于自然发情期绵羊卵巢细胞的表达(P＜0.05)。此外,自然发情和激素处理的绵羊ESR基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化水平分别为0和10.77%,而发情期绵羊ESR基因启动子处于超甲基化状态（92.30%）。以上结果说明,外源激素处理的同期发情小尾寒羊尽管发情表现、时间等与自然发情的绵羊类似,但是ESR基因在蛋白水平上差异显著,且其启动子区CpG岛甲基化水平也存在显著性差异,这也许是目前胚胎移植后着床率低下的原因之一。     

Molecular and serological evidence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection of farm animals in the Black Sea Region of Turkey

This study was designed to determine the presence and the prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in sheep and cattle in the Middle and Eastern Black Sea Regions of Turkey in which the potential vector, Ixodes ricinus, is widespread. Blood samples were collected from 720 sheep and 720 cattle from 6 provinces of the region, and used for detecting antibodies to A. phagocytophilum by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and specific nucleic acids by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Blood smears were also prepared and examined microscopically for the presence of A. phagocytophilum-like organisms in polymorphonuclear cells. Of the animals examined, antibodies were detected in 110 (15.27%) cattle and 107 (14.86%) sheep and A. phagocytophilum-like organisms were detected in the blood of 73 (10.13%) cattle and 71 (9.86%) sheep. In addition, specific DNA was detected in the blood of 27 (14.75%) cattle and 22 (12.35%) sheep. The results obtained constitute the first molecular and serological evidence of A. phagocytophilum infection in sheep and cattle in the Black Sea Region of Turkey.     

The spread of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection to unvaccinated and vaccinated sheep

SUMMARY The decrease in the prevalence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis after two generations of vaccination against the disease it causes, was used to estimate the rate of control of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA). Three groups of 150 sheep, of which 50 in each group were artificially infected with C pseudotuberculosis and 100 in each group were uninfected sheep, were run separately for 40 months and shorn 5 times to promote the spread of CLA. One lot of 50 infected sheep and 2 lots of 100 uninfected sheep were vaccinated against CLA. The rate of spread of CLA was recorded. Sheep vaccinated against CLA and naturally exposed to infection had a 74% lower infection rate than unvaccinated sheep. Sheep vaccinated against CLA and exposed to only vaccinated infected sheep had a 97% lower infection rate. Unvaccinated sheep had a 76% infection rate, with 77% of the transmission occurring at the 4th and 5th shearings, without any discharging CLA abscesses being observed. This study supports the view that in Australian wool producing flocks, CLA spreads mainly from sheep with discharging lung abscesses to sheep with shearing cuts. Vaccinated sheep infected with CLA have 96% fewer lung abscesses compared with unvaccinated infected sheep and are therefore less likely to spread this disease to other sheep .