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1.
Fang Yang Fan Yang Han Wang Chao-Shuo Zhang Zhe-Wen Song Hao-Tian Shao Mei Zhang 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(4):325-330
The present study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetic profiles of ceftiofur (as measured by ceftiofur and its active metabolites concentrations) in a small-size dog breed, Peekapoo, following a single intravenous or subcutaneous injection of ceftiofur sodium. The study population comprised of five clinically healthy Peekapoo dogs with an average body weight (BW) of 3.4 kg. Each dog received either intravenous or subcutaneous injection, both at 5 mg/kg BW (calculated as pure ceftiofur). Plasma samples were collected at different time points after the administration. Ceftiofur and its active metabolites were extracted from plasma samples, derivatized, and further quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The concentrations versus time data were subjected to noncompartmental analysis to obtain the pharmacokinetic parameters. The terminal half-life (t1/2λz) was calculated as 7.40 ± 0.79 and 7.91 ± 1.53 hr following intravenous and subcutaneous injections, respectively. After intravenous treatment, the total body clearance (Cl) and volume of distribution at steady-state (VSS) were determined as 39.91 ± 4.04 ml hr−1 kg−1 and 345.71 ± 28.66 ml/kg, respectively. After subcutaneous injection, the peak concentration (Cmax; 10.50 ± 0.22 μg/ml) was observed at 3.2 ± 1.1 hr, and the absorption half-life (t1/2ka) and absolute bioavailability (F) were calculated as 0.74 ± 0.23 hr and 91.70%±7.34%, respectively. The pharmacokinetic profiles of ceftiofur and its related metabolites demonstrated their quick and excellent absorption after subcutaneous administration, in addition to poor distribution and slow elimination in Peekapoo dogs. Based on the time of concentration above minimum inhibitory concentration (T > MIC) values calculated here, an intravenous or subcutaneous dose at 5 mg/kg of ceftiofur sodium once every 12 hr is predicted to be effective for treating canine bacteria with a MIC value of ≤4.0 μg/ml. 相似文献
2.
健康四川白鹅20只,随机分为A、B两组,A组单剂量静注头孢噻呋钠无菌粉针,B组单剂量肌注头孢噻呋钠混悬注射液,均按2.2mg·kg-1。用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中的药物浓度,3p97药代动力学程序软件处理药时数据。结果显示,A组药-时数据符合二室开放模型(W-1/C^2);主要药代动力学参数:t1/2。0.112h,tmB2.711h,CL0.234L·kg-1·h-1,V0.064L·kg,AUC9.400mg·h·L-1,B组药-时数据也符合二室开放模型(W-1/c2);主要药代动力学参数:t1/2结果表明,头孢噻呋钠混悬注射液在鹅体内分布广泛,生物利用度高,且具有长效缓释作用.。 相似文献
3.
为了探究硫酸头孢喹肟在安格斯牛体内的药物代谢动力学,对安格斯牛以2 mg/kg剂量分别进行静脉、肌肉、皮下注射后,于不同时间点颈静脉采血,应用HPLC测定血液中硫酸头孢喹肟的药物浓度,计算药动学参数。静脉、肌肉、皮下注射的消除半衰期(T1/2β)分别为(2.05±0.49)h、(2.17±0.51)h、(2.37±0.47)h,达峰时间(Tmax)分别为(0.75±0.25)h、(0.87±0.25)h、(1±0.37)h,达峰浓度(Cmax)分别为(7.31±1.98)μg/mL、(5.34±1.21)μg/mL、(5.16±1.29)μg/mL,药时曲线下面积(AUC)分别为(24.72±5.31)μg.h/mL、(19.97±3.11)μg.h/mL、(20.51±4.87)μg.h/mL,平均留置时间(MRT)分别为(2.83±0.61)h、(3.02±0.71)h、(3.26±0.89)h,清除率(CL)分别为(0.07±0.02)L/h.kg、(0.09±0.03)L/h.kg、(0.09±0.04)L/h.kg,表观分布容积(Vd)分别为(0.23±0.06)L/kg、(0.31±0.08)L/kg、(0.32±0.09)L/kg。肌肉、皮下注射的绝对生物利用度(F)分别为80.78%、82.96%。表明硫酸头孢喹肟在安格斯牛体内吸收快、消除慢,肌肉注射以及皮下注射的绝对利用度高。 相似文献
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头孢噻呋钠在猪体内的药代动力学和生物利用度研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
用微生物杯蝶法测定血清药物浓度,6头实验猪按5 mg/kg单剂量静注、肌注头孢噻呋钠(Ceftiofur Sodium),对其药代动力学和生物利用度进行了研究.试验菌为蜡样芽孢杆菌1.1687,结果平均回收率为96.52%,血清最低检测浓度为0.15 μg/ml,日内日间变异系数为2.5%~4.9%,血清浓度在0.3~0.8 μg/ml范围内呈良好线性关系(r=0.9884).药时数据经Mcpkp药代动力学计算机程序处理,猪静注、肌注头孢噻呋钠体内药物运转都符合二室开放模型,其中静注的药代动力学参数为T1/2α=2.22 h,T1/2β=14.64 h, K12=0.09/h, K21=0.078/h, Kel=0.20/h, V1=0.34 l/kg, VB =1.38 l/kg, CLB=0.07 l/kg/h,AUC=76.56 mg/l*h; 肌注药代动力学参数为Tmax=0.69 h,Cmax=12.09 μg/ml,T1/2ka=0.19 h,T1/2β=15.18 h,Kel=0.23/h,K12=0.14/h,K21=0.08/h;生物利用度为AUCi.m/AUCi.v=87.97%. 相似文献
5.
研究头孢噻呋钠在成年麻鸭体内的药动学特征及生物利用度,为临床制定合理的给药方案提供科学依据。选取24只健康的成年麻鸭(体重1.6?0.2kg),随机分为3组,以2mg.kg-1剂量分别单次肌内注射、静脉注射和内服头孢噻呋钠,采用HPLC法检测血药浓度,计算头孢噻呋的药动力学参数和肌注、内服的生物利用度。结果表明:静脉注射头孢噻呋钠后,血药浓度经时数据符合二室开放模型,主要动力学参数:t1/2α为0.19?0.22h,t1/2β为3.64?0.22h,Vd为0.48?0.06L.kg-1,CL为0.07?0.01 L.kg-1.h-1,AUC为27.09?2.84μg.mL-1.h-1;肌内注射后,血药浓度经时数据符合二室开放模型,主要动力学参数:t1/2α为0.38?0.02h,t1/2β为4.56?0.29h,Tmax为0.49?0.17h,Cmax为6.44?0.44μg.mL-1,AUC为26.88?0.48μg.mL-1.h-1,生物利用度为99.22%;内服后,血药浓度经时数据符合二室开放模型,主要动力学参数:t1/2α为0.77?0.14h,t1/2β为3.81?0.23h,Tmax为1.06?0.23h,Cmax为3.62?0.20μg.mL-1,AUC为21.47?0.44μg.mL-1.h-1,生物利用度为79.25%。头孢噻呋钠在成年麻鸭体内吸收迅速,半衰期较长,肌注的生物利用度高,内服吸收良好。 相似文献
6.
研究了克洛素隆注射剂在绵羊体内的药物动力学过程。以邻甲苯磺酰胺为内标,建立应用RP-HPLC检测绵羊血浆中克洛素隆含量的方法,血浆浓度在0.01μg/mL~1.0μg/mL及1.0μg/mL~20.0μg/mL范围呈良好线性关系,方法回收率和精密度均能满足药物动力学分析的要求。结果表明,绵羊按4mg/kg单剂量皮下注射克洛素隆,体内药物运转符合二室开放模型。主要药物动力学参数分别为:t1/2Ka=1.355h±0.746h,t1/2β=17.924h±9.186h,tmax=3.181h±1.046h,Cmax=5.121μg/mL±0.997μg/mL,AUC=56.730(mg/L)·h±5.248(mg/L)·h。克洛素隆注射剂皮下注射吸收快,消除较慢,适于绵羊临床寄生虫病的防治。 相似文献
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建立了一种新的测定头孢噻呋钠含量的HPLC方法。结果显示在48~200μg/mL浓度范围内,峰面积和浓度呈良好线性关系。与传统方法比较,本方法的准确度、精密度、耐用性良好,而且简单、快速、易于操作。 相似文献
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The pharmacokinetic disposition of enrofloxacin was studied in goats after subcutaneous (s.c.) administration at a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg body weight. Blood samples were drawn from a jugular vein into heparinized tubes at predetermined time intervals after administration of the drug and the plasma was separated by centrifugation. The concentrations of enrofloxacin in the plasma were determined by a microbiological assay using Escherichia coli as the test organism. The plasma concentration–time data were analysed by non-compartmental methods. Enrofloxacin was rapidly absorbed, an appreciable concentration of the drug (0.30±0.13 g/ml) being present in the plasma by 5 min after s.c. administration. The maximum plasma concentration of enrofloxacin and the time to reach that maximum were 2.91±0.39 g/ml and 2.9±0.51 h, respectively. A detectable concentration of enrofloxacin persisted in the plasma for 12 h. The elimination half-life and mean residence time of enrofloxacin were 2.84±0.57 and 5.74±0.28 h, respectively. It is suggested that enrofloxacin given subcutaneously may be useful in the treatment of susceptible bacterial infections in goats. 相似文献
9.
建立了测定头孢噻呋钠原料含量的HPLC方法。此方法准确度、精密度、线性、耐用性等指标良好,而且本方法简单、快速,结果准确、可靠,可用于头孢噻呋钠原料中头孢噻呋含量的测定。 相似文献
10.
J. Wang H. Peng J. Kong T. Zhao S. Zhang X. Cao 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2018,41(2):301-306
Ceftiofur (CEF), a broad‐spectrum third‐generation cephalosporin, exhibits a good activity against a broad range of gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria, including many that produce β‐lactamase. To design a rational dosage regimen for the drug in lactating Holstein dairy cows, the pharmacokinetic properties of ceftiofur hydrochloride injection were investigated in six cows after intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous administration of single dose of 2.2 mg/kg BW (body weight). Plasma concentration–time curves and relevant parameters were best described by noncompartmental analysis through WinNonlin 6.3 software. After subcutaneous administration, the absolute bioavailability was 61.12% and the T1/2λz (elimination half‐life) was 8.67 ± 0.72 hr. The Cmax (maximum plasma concentration) was 0.88 ± 0.21 μg/ml and Tmax (the time after initial injection to when Cmax occurs) was 1.50 ± 0.55 hr. The MRT (mean residence time) was 11.00 ± 0.30 hr. Following intramuscular administration, the Cmax (1.09 ± 0.21 μg/ml) was achieved at Tmax (1.20 ± 0.26 hr) with an absolute availability of 70.52%. In this study, the detailed pharmacokinetic profiles of free and total CEF showed that this drug is widely distributed and rapidly eliminated and may contribute to a better understanding of the usage of ceftiofur hydrochloride injection in Holstein dairy cows. 相似文献
11.
《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2020,47(1):70-75
ObjectiveTo characterize the pharmacokinetics of vatinoxan in isoflurane-anesthetized cats.Study designProspective experimental study.AnimalsA group of six adult healthy male neutered cats.MethodsCats were anesthetized using isoflurane in oxygen. Venous catheters were placed to administer the drug and sample blood. Vatinoxan, 1 mg kg–1, was administered intravenously over 5 minutes. Blood was sampled before and at various times during and up to 8 hours after vatinoxan administration. Plasma vatinoxan concentration was measured using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Compartment models were fitted to the time–concentration data using population methods and nonlinear mixed effect modeling.ResultsA three-compartment model best fitted the data. Typical value (% interindividual variability) for the three volumes (mL kg–1), the metabolic clearance and two distribution clearances (mL minute–1 kg–1) were 34 (55), 151 (35), 306 (18), 2.3 (34), 42.6 (25) and 5.6 (0), respectively. Hypotension increased the second distribution clearance to 10.6.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThe pharmacokinetics of vatinoxan in anesthetized cats were characterized by a small volume of distribution and a low clearance. An intravenous bolus of 100 μg kg–1 of vatinoxan followed by constant rate infusions of 55 μg kg–1 minute–1 for 20 minutes, then 22 μg kg–1 minute–1 for 60 minutes and finally 10 μg kg–1 minute–1 for the remainder of the infusion time is expected to maintain the plasma concentration within 90%–110% of the plasma vatinoxan concentration previously shown to attenuate the cardiovascular effects of dexmedetomidine (25 μg kg–1) in conscious cats. 相似文献
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建立了测定头孢噻呋钠含量的高效液相色谱法。采用C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),以含0.8%四正丁基溴化铵的乙腈溶液-0.1mol/L柠檬酸钠溶液(用20%柠檬酸调节pH至5.0)-磷酸盐溶液(0.1mol/L磷酸二氢钾,0.02mol/L磷酸氢二钾,用10mol/L氢氧化钾调节pH至7.0)-水(400:4:48:520)为流动相,流速1.0mL/min,检测波长254nm,进样量20μL,柱温30℃。头孢噻呋钠浓度在0.0496~0.1984mg/mL时,其峰面积与浓度的线性关系良好(r=1.000);平均回收率为100.0%,平均相对标准偏差RSD为0.17%;检测限为0.0025μg/mL。本方法操作简便,分析快速,结果准确,适用于头孢噻呋钠原料药的含量测定。 相似文献
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研究了两种头孢噻呋注射液给猪肌注后的比较药物动力学特征。选用12头健康猪随机分为两组,每组6头,分别肌注上海公谊兽药厂生产的长效盐酸头孢噻呋注射液和美国辉瑞生产的盐酸头孢噻呋注射液(速解灵注射液),每头5mg/kg。采用超高效液相色谱法测定猪血浆中头孢噻呋的的药物浓度,用Winnonlin5.2药动学分析软件非房室模型处理药时数据,模型200处理肌注给药后的药代动力学参数。结果表明:健康猪肌注两种注射液后,参数MRT、Cmax、tmax统计差异极显著(P〈0.01),长效盐酸头孢噻呋注射液单剂量肌注给药较速解灵注射液吸收慢,达峰时间显著延迟,达峰浓度显著降低,平均驻留时间显著延长;参数AUC、Kel、t1/2允统计无显著性差异(P〉0.05),长效盐酸头孢噻呋注射液的相对生物利用度为98.41%,与速解灵注射液的生物利用度相当。本研究可为头孢噻呋注射液的临床合理用药提供参考。 相似文献
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设计了新的头孢噻呋钠的合成路线:7-氨基头孢烷酸(7-ACA)先与呋喃-2-甲硫羟酸缩合,再与AE-活性酯反应,后与异辛酸钠反应得到头孢噻呋钠。以7-ACA计算,反应总收率为39.9%。改进的新工艺反应步骤缩短。 相似文献
15.
YANG Ming-hui SHI Jian-min TAO Jing-li WU Hao CHAI Meng-long WANG Jing REN Kang XU Zhi-yuan JI Peng-yun LU Yong-qiang HE Chang-jiu YANG Li-guo LIU Guo-shi 《中国畜牧兽医》2017,44(9):2613-2620
In order to exploring the change pattern of melatonin in blood under the normal conditions of the multiparous Holstein cows within 24 h,the change of melatonin in blood of Holstein cows after the intravenous injection,subcutaneous implantation in neck,neck subcutaneous injection and drench were studied and the melatonin secretion rule and its metabolic rate were analyzed. The results showed that melatonin secretion changes obviously in the blood within 24 h,the concentration peak appeared at 04:00 (8.30 ng/mL),lowest at 16:00 (2.08 ng/mL). After subcutaneous implantation and drench,the concentration of melatonin in the blood rose relatively flat compared to other groups. Subcutaneous injection of 46.4, 4.64 and 0.464 mg melatonin,the concentration in the blood rose rapidly, the peak appeared at 1 h after the injection,which were 561.94,487.03,92.89 ng/mL,respectively,extremely significantly higher than pre-injection (P<0.01).Intravenous injection of 46.4,4.64 and 0.464 mg melatonin,the concentration in the blood also rose rapidly,the peak appeared at 0.5 h after the injection,which were 767.68,639.19,110.56 ng/mL,respectively,extremely higher than pre-injection (P<0.01).This study proved that the secretion of melatonin in the Holstein cows had obvious circadian rhythm,intravenous or subcutaneous injection of melatonin could improve the concentration of melatonin rapidly and there was a high correlation between the melatonin metabolic rate and the melatonin concentration in the blood,with the increase of the concentration of melatonin,the metabolism velocity was accelerated obviously. 相似文献
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为研究正常情况下经产荷斯坦奶牛24 h内血液中褪黑素浓度的变化情况,探索不同外源褪黑素处理方式对荷斯坦奶牛血液褪黑素浓度的影响,本研究采用颈静脉注射、颈部皮下注射、颈部皮下埋植和口腔灌服外源褪黑素等方式处理经产荷斯坦奶牛,观察血液中褪黑素浓度的变化情况并分析褪黑素在体内的分泌规律及代谢速率。结果显示,在24 h内,经产荷斯坦奶牛血液中褪黑素浓度变化明显,04:00浓度最高,为8.30 ng/mL,16:00浓度最低,为2.08 ng/mL。皮下埋植和口腔灌服外源褪黑素以后,血液中褪黑素浓度升高幅度较小;皮下注射46.4、4.64和0.464 mg褪黑素后,血液中褪黑素浓度迅速升高,1 h后达到峰值,分别为561.94、487.03、92.89 ng/mL,极显著高于注射前(P<0.01);静脉注射46.4、4.64和0.464 mg褪黑素后,血液中褪黑素浓度迅速升高,0.5 h之后达到峰值,分别为767.68、639.19、110.56 ng/mL,极显著高于注射前(P<0.01),高水平褪黑素可稳定持续48 h。本研究证明了荷斯坦奶牛体内褪黑素分泌有明显的昼夜节律性,静脉或皮下注射外源褪黑素可以迅速提高血液中褪黑素的浓度,且血液中褪黑素的代谢速度与褪黑素的浓度高度相关,随着血液中褪黑素浓度的增加,褪黑素的代谢速度明显加快。 相似文献
17.
为了解国产头孢噻呋钠的毒性,进行了小鼠的急性毒性及对鸡的亚慢性毒性试验。结果表明,小鼠肌肉注射头孢噻呋钠,LD50为1 673.02 mg/kg;鸡注射头孢噻呋钠21 d,未发现与药物相关的体征变化,各组间的体重变化无显著性差异;采食量、饮水量随鸡龄增加而增加,平行比较无显著性差异;各阶段鸡的RBC、WBC分类记数(中性粒细胞/N、碱性粒细胞/B、酸性粒细胞/E、大单核细胞/M、淋巴细胞/L)均在正常值范围内,各组间无显著性差异;各组间血清生化值BUN、GPT、ALB也无显著性差异;各组脏器无显著性差异,说明该药毒性较低。 相似文献
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为了比较美国盐酸头孢噻呋、中国大中农盐酸头孢噻呋与中国山东某生物科技公司新研制的盐酸头孢噻呋三种头孢噻呋注射液在白羽鸡血浆中的药物代谢动力学特征,以检测新研制盐酸头孢噻呋注射液在白羽鸡体内的药物动力学参数变化规律。在给白羽鸡肌肉注射药物后,在0至48小时内于不同时间点采集血样,用碘乙酰胺衍生,把二硫赤鲜醇作为提取液,以水-三氟乙酸-乙腈(700∶1∶300)作为流动相,266 nm紫外检测。标准曲线线性相关很好,相关系数都在0.995以上。最低检测限为0.05μg/mL;最低定量限为0.1μg/mL,回收率都在90%以上。日间变异系数小于0.1,日内变异系数小于0.05。结果表明,新研制盐酸头孢噻呋的药物动力学参数符合产品要求。三种剂型达峰时间相同;美国盐酸头孢噻呋和新研制盐酸头孢噻呋的半衰期相似,大中农盐酸头孢噻呋半衰期相对要短,但总体三种剂型的半衰期差异不显著;新研制的盐酸头孢噻呋最高血药浓度比美国盐酸头孢噻呋和大中农盐酸头孢噻呋相对高些,美国盐酸头孢噻呋和大中农盐酸头孢噻呋最高血药浓度相当,但总体三种剂型的血药浓度半衰期差异不显著。 相似文献
20.
本研究采用肺部支气管灌流技术对盐酸头孢噻呋注射液在健康猪和患巴氏杆菌病的感染猪体内的药动学特征进行了比较,为指导盐酸头孢噻呋注射液治疗猪巴氏杆菌病提供临床数据支持。选取12头健康仔猪,随机均分为健康组和感染组。感染组通过人工感染多杀性巴氏杆菌建立疾病模型。2组动物分别按交叉试验设计,肌内注射盐酸头孢噻呋注射液,在不同时间点采集血液和支气管肺泡灌洗液,用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测头孢噻呋含量。健康猪血浆及支气管肺泡灌洗液中的药峰浓度(Cmax)分别为22.33和2.49 μg/mL,相差近9倍;消除半衰期(T1/2)分别为19.51和70.19 h,在肺部的消除非常缓慢,时长是血浆的3.6倍;药-时曲线下面积(AUC0-∞)分别为372.05和94.59 μg·h/mL;表观分布容积(Vd/F)分别为0.41和5.24 L/kg,头孢噻呋与肺脏呈现高度结合。感染组血浆及支气管肺泡液Cmax分别为11.81和5.05 μg/mL,T1/2分别为11.79和24.65 h,AUC0-∞分别为162.65和29.73 μg·h/mL,Vd/F分别为0.53和4.65 L/kg,与健康组表现出相同的特点。结果表明,盐酸头孢噻呋注射液在猪体内具有吸收迅速,消除缓慢,生物利用度高的药代动力学特点,且其在血浆和支气管肺泡灌洗液中的药动学参数存在显著差异。 相似文献