浅析城市生态湿地公园

湿地是城市中重要的自然资源之一,随着城市生态的恶化,人们开始关注城市生态的保护和恢复问题,城市生态湿地作为城市生态保护和恢复的重要手段成为一种新兴的公园类型,但在中国的报道却不多。本文通过对城市生态湿地公园的分类、特点和功能的介绍,使人们对之有一个大概的了解。     

湿地公园规划设计探讨——以某湿地公园规划设计为例

城市湿地公园是一种独特的公园类型,是指纳入城市绿地系统规划的、具有湿地的生态功能和典型特征的、以生态保护、科普教育、自然野趣和休闲游览为主要内容的公园。但近年来城市湿地公园建设存在着过度公园化、景观同质化、生态硬质化、地域文化缺失等问题。本文将以具体的设计案例,探讨城市湿地公园规划设计的方法和途径。     

浅析城市湿地公园植物景观规划——以杭州西溪湿地公园为例

城市湿地具有强大的生态功能和社会功能,在植物景观规划设计和植物景观营造上也有其独到之处。本文阐述了城市湿地公园植物景观的相关概念构成,并以西溪湿地公园为例,着重说明了湿地植物景观设计的原则和营造的方式及途径。同时,通过美学、生态学等相关理论对湿地公园的景观营造方式进行分析,提出了在城市湿地公园在植物规划设计中应从植物群落生态结构或植物生态演替恢复等角度出发,强调对群落中关键物种的保留,同时注重其游憩、赏景、教育等人性化设计。     

城市湿地公园规划设计新探索——以厦门五缘湾城市湿地公园的规划设计为例

城市中的湿地是城市的重要生态基础设施之一,是一种自然景观,一个自然综合体。是人类最重要的环境资本之一。而水生态、植物生态、生物生态、人的生态行为是构成一个城市生态湿地的主要因子。根据分析构成城市湿地生态因子的特点和功能,科学合理地进行规划设计,保持其生态的完整性,满足城市湿地的各项功能。     

浅论生态旅游的湿地公园规划

湿地公园的总体规划,必须从生态资源和旅游的角度进行分区,根据不同的分区功能在规划中设计出不同的配置,以便更好地服务于旅游者。湿地公园的分区应依据湿地公园的生态功能、生态环境等特征来实施有效的规划。在景观规划时,应充分借助自然之力,以一个整体的天人合一布局展示湿地公园的生态之美,使湿地公园与生态旅游有机地结合。本文深入讨论了以生态旅游为主要目的的湿地公园规划。     

生态湿地公园主题植物景观设计——以祥符区惠济河生态湿地公园为例

为解决生态公园植物景观配置凌乱缺乏主题特色,植物配置缺乏植物生态理念指导等相关问题,本文基于河南开封生态湿地公园的植物景观规划设计,提出地域化、特色化和野趣化的指导思想,致力于打造主题特色的植物景观景点,以植物观赏特色为重点,用植物营造空间,在恢复地域性植被,保护环境的同时丰富了公园景观的观赏性,提升公园整体的形象。     

湿地公园生态修复原则及模式分析

湿地是"地球之肾",属于特殊生态资源与土地环境,湿地的生态状况会对该地区生态平衡形成直接影响,因此,各地都加大了对湿地公园的生态修复力度。以湿地公园生态修复设计原则为切入点,简要分析生态修复模式,为湿地公园生态修复提供理论基础。     

城市湿地公园的生态景观设计

生态设计是经济的,生态和经济本质上是同一的,生态学就是自然的经济学(Nature’s economy)。两者之所以会有当今的矛盾,原因在于我们对经济的理解的不完全性和衡量经济的以当代人和以人类中心的价值偏差,生态设计则强调多目标的、完全的经济性。本文根据作者多年工作经验,对湿地公园的生态景观设计进行了详细的分析,旨在未同行提供一些学习和借鉴。     

城镇湿地公园森林景观规划设计

当前我国生态资源充足,但是因规划设计不合理,导致对城镇生态建设产生不利影响。湿地公园中森林是重要的生态资源,对于改善城镇生态环境具有重要作用,为此需注重森林景观的重要布设,保证生态结构的科学合理。目前我县正在建设湿地公园,结合实例本文首先对城镇湿地公园的功能进行分析,其次对湿地公园中森林景观规划设计的原则进行阐述,然后进行实例分析总结。     

城市湿地公园规划设计探微

近年来,随着对环境保护的日益重视,城市湿地作为城市重要的资源,在城市规划中将城市湿地开发成为湿地公园,对于丰富城市的景观具有重要意义。由于湿地的情况不同以及生态结构之间存在比较大的差异,因此,有必要针对性地做好湿地公园的功能设计,合理发挥湿地公园的价值。     

昆虫生态学的研究进展

从昆虫分子生态学、昆虫化学生态学、昆虫行为生态学、昆虫信息生态学以及昆虫种群生态学这五个方面对近年来的研究情况进行综述,以期为昆虫生态学的发展、害虫的综合治理提供研究方向。     

对景观设计方法的研究与分析

景观设计与规划林,生态,地理等多种学科交叉融合,在不同的学科中具有不同的意义,"景观设计"(又叫做景观建筑学)是指在建筑设计或规划设计的过程中,对周围环境要素的整体考虑和设计包括自然要素和人工要素。使得建筑(群)与自然环境产生呼应关系,使其使用更方便,更舒适,提高其整体的艺术价值。     

Remote Sensing in Landscape Ecology: Experiences and Perspectives in a European Context

That the relationship between remote sensing and landscape ecology is significant is due in large part to the strong spatial component within landscape ecology. However it is nevertheless necessary to have frequent overview of the interface between remote sensing and landscape ecology, particularly in the light of developments in the types of image data and techniques. The use of remote sensing within European landscape ecology provides a rich range of examples of the interface, including application of some of the latest types of image data. This paper is an overview of the interface that remote sensing has with European landscape ecology, with seven examples of the application of image data in European landscape ecology and examination of associated landscape classification issues. These examples are discussed in terms of the trends and the different roles for image data in landscape ecology that they illustrate, and in particular their classificatory and informational implications. It is suggested that with regard to classification there is a need for re-examination of the roles of image data.     

Soundscape in a context of acoustic and landscape ecology

Soundscape ecology is being proposed as a new synthesis that leverages two important fields of study: landscape ecology and acoustic ecology. These fields have had a rich history. Running “in parallel” for over three decades now, soundscape ecology has the potential to unite these two (among other) fields in ways that provide new perspectives on the acoustics of landscapes. Each of us was involved in the “birth” of these two fields. We each reflect here on the rich history of landscape ecology and acoustic ecology and provide some thoughts on the future of soundscape ecology as a new perspective.     

Exploring the common ground of landscape ecology and landscape archaeology through a case study from eastern Anatolia,Turkey

Landscape Ecology - Landscape archaeology has a lot to offer to landscape ecology, being an interdisciplinary approach that emphasizes the study of long-term human–environment dynamics. We...     

Interdisciplinarity,landscape ecology and the `Transformation of Agricultural Landscapes'

The theme, the `Transformation of Agricultural Landscapes' is used as a context for examining the current status of landscape ecology and its ability to provide a critical set of responses to a defined range of environmental issues. The links between academic structures and the public demand for landscape-based information raises the potential for landscape ecology to provide solutions. Current approaches within landscape ecology are examined and the dominance of the interdisciplinary approach is found to be deficient. A solution is for the land(scape) system itself to become the initial focus of landscape research. A land system has its own systematic properties which extend beyond the biological dominance of ecosystem science which to many is the basis for landscape ecology. For knowledge of the landscape itself to emerge, landscape ecology must develop more as a discipline with its own theoretical bases and foci than as an interdisciplinary area.     

The Eco-field Hypothesis: Toward a Cognitive Landscape

Cognition is recognized as an essential component of the living strategies of organisms and the use of cognitive approaches based on an organismic-centered-view is discussed as a strategy to aid the advancement of landscape ecology to a more independent scientific discipline. The incorporation of the theory of information, the theory of meaning and the Umwelt, and the biosemiotic models into the landscape ecology framework is described as the necessary step to create a common paradigmatic background and operational tools to develop basis for a cognitive landscape ecology. Three cognitive landscapes (neutrality-based landscape, individual-based landscape and observer-based landscape) have been described as the result of distinctive mechanisms to extract information from a cognitive matrix based on a growing literature of (bio)semiotic exchange. The eco-field hypothesis is presented as a new possibility to describe landscape processes according to an organismic-centered-view. The eco-field is defined as a spatial configuration carrier of a specific meaning perceived when a specific living function is activated. A species-specific cognitive landscape is composed of all the spatial configurations involved for all the living functions for a particular organism. Eco-field hypothesis offers a detailed vision of (habitat) environmental requirements and creates a novel conceptual bridge between niche, habitat, Umwelt and the methodological approaches of spatial ecology. Finally the eco-field hypothesis promises a new testing ground for experimental investigations in landscape ecology and in related disciplines including environmental psychology, cognitive ethology, cultural ecology, landscape aesthetics, design and planning.     

Holocene palaeo-invasions: the link between pattern, process and scale in invasion ecology?

Invasion ecology has made rapid progress in recent years through synergies with landscape ecology, niche theory, evolutionary ecology and the ecology of climate change. The palaeo-record of Holocene invasions provides a rich but presently underexploited resource in exploring the pattern and process of invasions through time. In this paper, examples from the palaeo-literature are used to illustrate the spread of species through time and space, also revealing how interactions between invader and invaded communities change over the course of an invasion. The main issues addressed are adaptation and plant migration, ecological and evolutionary interactions through time, disturbance history and the landscape ecology of invasive spread. We consider invasions as a continuous variable, which may be influenced by different environmental or ecological variables at different stages of the invasion process, and we use palaeoecological examples to describe how ecological interactions change over the course of an invasion. Finally, the use of palaeoecological information to inform the management of invasions for biodiversity conservation is discussed.     

Teaching landscape ecology: the importance of field-oriented,inquiry-based approaches

Context

Landscape ecology has traditionally been taught through theoretical classes or computer labs. On the other hand, field labs have been generally less used as a way of teaching landscape ecology concepts.

Objectives

We show that field labs with an inquiry-based approach, where students are involved in the investigation, are feasible for training students in landscape ecology. We evaluated how common field labs are in landscape ecology courses, and also their contribution for student learning.

Methods

We evaluated whether field labs are used in landscape ecology courses by scanning available syllabi. We also used outcomes from a course offered in Brazil to show how field labs can be integrated into landscape ecology courses.

Results

Only 18.2 % of the 44 syllabi we found had field labs. The case study developed in Brazil showed that field labs allowed students to develop important skills, including the ability to design field studies, choose appropriate scales of analysis, detect ecological patterns, and judge multiple hypotheses.

Conclusions

Field labs are still uncommon in landscape ecology courses, but they can be a useful tool to teach landscape ecology concepts and to help students developing the necessary skills to do research. We offer recommendations regarding how to incorporate field labs in landscape ecology courses.

     

Macrosystems ecology: novel methods and new understanding of multi-scale patterns and processes

As the global biomes are increasingly threatened by human activities, understanding of macroscale patterns and processes is pressingly needed for effective management and policy making. Macrosystems ecology, which studies multiscale ecological patterns and processes, has gained growing interest in the research community. However, as a relatively new field in ecology, research in macrosystems ecology is facing various challenges. In this special issue, we highlight the following two latest exciting developments in this thriving field: (1) novel tools and methods and (2) new understandings on macroscale patterns and processes. While we believe that the contributions featured in this issue provide promising advancements in macrosystems ecology, we also see multiple challenges for future research including (1) multidisciplinary approaches for long-term and multiscale studies and (2) scaling local patterns and processes to broader scales.