卫氏并殖吸虫感染犬循环抗原和特异性抗体的动态观察

目的观察人工感染卫氏并殖吸虫的犬血清中特异性抗体和循环抗原的动态变化。方法按常规方法从阳性溪蟹中分离卫氏并殖吸虫囊蚴并定量感染家犬,从感染后d4开始采血分离血清,用多抗dot-ELISA法检测犬血中循环抗原(CAg),观察从d4到d133之间感染犬血中循环抗原(CAg)及对感染卫氏并殖吸虫2个月的犬用吡喹酮治疗前后血清循环抗原(CAg)的动态变化。用ELISA法检测从感染2w至19w不同间隔时间内犬血清中特异性抗体(Ab)的动态变化。结果人工感染卫氏并殖吸虫的家犬,有2只犬在感染d6时有循环抗原出现,d10 6只感染犬都能检测到循环抗原,检出稀释度在1∶8～1∶128之间,到感染后14d时,稀释度最高可达到1∶256,并一直维持到34d,56d以后逐渐下降,到84d下降至零。对感染卫氏并殖吸虫的犬用吡喹酮治疗3d后,其循环抗原有短暂出现上升的趋势,但在6d后逐渐下降并消失。感染犬在4周时可检测到特异性抗体,抗体最高滴度维持时间为4周～12周,并一直维持在一个较高的水平上。结论犬在感染卫氏并殖吸虫后的10～56d内,用多抗dot-ELISA法可在其血清中检测到循环抗原(CAg),得出在这段时间检测循环抗原具有早期诊断价值。但感染犬在用吡喹酮药物治疗后有短暂的循环抗原出现,一周后逐渐消失。     

抗细粒棘球绦虫疫苗候选抗原免疫犬IgG抗体水平监测及免疫组化定位研究

为探究细粒棘球绦虫(E.granulosus,Eg)成熟虫体(MAW)特异性蛋白(EgM)(EgM9、EgM123)的抗Eg感染保护效果,本研究利用Eg疫苗候选抗原EgM9和EgM123重组蛋白,分别3次免疫实验犬,利用ELISA法检测免疫犬血清中IgG、IFN-γ和IL-10的变化情况,采用免疫组化法检测免疫犬肠系膜淋巴结和小肠中的特异性IgG抗体。结果显示,在第3次免疫后一周即免疫组犬抗体水平均最高时对其进行原头蚴攻击,攻毒后免疫组的抗体水平随之下降,且持续至第3次免疫后19周,免疫组均与对照组呈显著性差异(p0.05);第3次免疫后一周免疫组犬血清中IFN-γ和IL-10水平均呈升高趋势,且至第3次免疫后23周剖检,免疫组犬的肠系膜淋巴结和小肠组织经免疫组化法均检测出特异性IgG抗体。表明用EgM重组蛋白免疫犬,可诱导其产生IgG抗体而发挥抗Eg感染保护效果,为终末宿主犬包虫病的免疫机理探究和疫苗及相关检测试剂的研制奠定了基础。     

微量补体结合试验诊断熊病毒性脑炎的研究

用微量补体结合试验对感染熊脑炎病毒而死亡的熊的实质脏器,熊脑炎腺病毒(BA-1株)的犬肾细胞培养物、试验感染犬、豚鼠急性发病期的肝浸液、腹水、血液进行抗原诊断;对6份采自临床健康熊血清和试验感染犬、豚鼠恢复期血清进行抗体诊断。结果表明,本法简便省时,特异性强,可用于熊病毒性脑炎的抗原、抗体的特异性诊断及流行病学调查。     

犬细小病毒核酸疫苗制备及免疫试验

以犬细小病毒基因组DNA为模板,应用PCR方法扩增了全长VP1基因,PCR产物经纯化和NotⅠ/BamHⅠ双酶切后与同样处理的真核表达载体pIRES进行连接,转化到感受态细胞JM109中,筛选了真核重组表达质粒pIRESVP1,并进行了序列测定。对6只9月龄犬分别接种不同剂量的pIRESVP1或空载体质粒及生理盐水,8周接种1次,每次接种前采血,测定血清的血凝抑制抗体效价,第2次免疫后即可检测到较高的血清效价。在第3次接种4周后,对全部实验犬进行攻毒,攻毒后第7天及第14天时采血,测定血清的血凝抑制抗体效价。所有接种pIRESVP1疫苗的犬均能抵抗CPV强毒的攻击,而接种空载体质粒和生理盐水的对照犬则全部发病。证明所构建的核酸疫苗(pIRESVP1)能使犬免受犬细小病毒强毒的感染。     

活血疏肝健脾汤对犬实验性肝损伤血清学和组织学影响

观察活血疏肝健脾汤对 CCl4诱导的犬肝纤维化的血清学指标和病理组织学变化影响 ,以探讨中药复方防治犬肝纤维化的机制。采用皮下多点注射和口服 CCl4菜籽油的方法制作动物实验性肝损伤模型。对照组仅给予 CCl4,中药组在给予 CCl4的同时口服中药复方煎剂 ;西药组在给予 CCl4的同时口服秋水仙碱。每周采集血样测定犬血清中 AL B、AST、AL T与羟脯氨酸 ( HYP)含量 ;8周后处死动物 ,观察肝脏组织的病理学变化 :1从试验开始到第 8周结束 ,对照组犬血清中的 AL B降低 ,AL T、AST升高 ,而中药组犬在试验的前 5周 ,血清白蛋白含量明显降低 ,自第 6周开始回升 ,第 7周时升至试验前的水平 ,血清 ALT和 AST活性无明显变化 ;2中药组犬的血清 HYP含量从第 5周开始显著高于对照组 ( P <0 .0 5 ) ,试验结束时其肝脏胶原含量显著低于对照组 ( P <0 .0 1) ;3对照组犬肝细胞变性、坏死 ,胶原纤维大量增生 ,中药组犬胶原纤维数量明显少于对照组。活血疏肝健脾汤具有减轻 CCl4对肝脏的损伤 ,保护肝细胞的功能和抗肝纤维化的作用     

犬恶丝虫抗体dot-ELISA检测方法的建立

为快速诊断犬恶丝虫病，建立了犬恶丝虫抗体dot—ELISA检测方法，并与阻断试验、交叉反应试验、重复性试验、琼脂扩散试验和平行对照试验进行了比较。结果显示，制备的犬恶丝虫虫体粗制抗原与犬钩虫、犬弓首蛔虫和犬蠕形螨感染犬的阳性血清无交叉反应，检出犬恶丝虫阳性血清的最高抗体效价为1：1024，重复性好；建立的犬恶丝虫病dot—ELISA诊断方法的灵敏度比琼脂扩散试验和美国IDEXX实验室制备的犬恶丝虫病诊断试剂盒分别高2048倍和48倍。     

青海省西宁地区藏獒巴贝斯虫病的血清学检测

用基于重组的犬吉氏巴贝斯虫P50蛋白作为ELISA诊断抗原,对来自青海省西宁地区的5个藏獒养殖基地的118份藏獒血清,进行犬巴贝斯虫病的血清学诊断,共检出阳性血清12份,阳性率为10.17%。结果初步表明西宁地区部分藏獒养殖基地中存在犬吉氏巴贝斯虫的感染。     

间接荧光抗体试验诊断犬吉氏巴贝斯虫病

利用冷藏抗原玻片 ,用间接荧光抗体试验检测感染吉氏巴贝斯虫犬血清 ,具有特异性强、敏感性高、快速、准确、操作简单等特点。对疫区 82份犬血清的检查 ,阳性率为 37 8% ;对非疫区 50份犬血清的检查 ,假阳性率为 2 %。与血液涂片染色检查比较 ,该法检出率高 ,结果可靠 ,可用于犬吉氏巴贝斯虫病的诊断和流行病学调查     

应用微量补体结合试验诊断犬传染性肝炎的研究

以犬传染性肝炎病毒(ICHV)及其免疫血清分别作为已知抗原和抗体,应用微量补体结合试验(MCFT),检测急性期病犬血清、腹水或肝浸液中的ICHV抗原,或恢复期犬血清中的ICHV抗体,以确定诊断。结果,在ICHV抗原检测中,被检的35例实验感染犬和2例自然病犬的20份血清、18份腹水和36份肝浸液以及3份ICHV犬肾细胞培养物,除1份血清判为疑似外,其余均为ICHV抗原阳性。而健康对照犬的30份血清、8份腹水和20份肝浸液以及大细小病毒(CPV)、犬轮状病毒(CRV)和大瘟热病毒(CDV)的细胞培养物各3份,均为ICHV抗原阴性。在抗体检测中,被检的20份自然和实验感染犬早期血清均为阴性,30份临床健康犬血清中20份具有8～64~×的ICHV抗体效价。 MCFT的特异性和敏感性都比较好,可以用于ICHV的临床诊断和流行病学调查。     

两例犬细小病毒与犬冠状病毒的混合病例诊疗

应用犬细小病毒胶体金快速测试板和犬冠状病毒胶体金快速测试板检测2例收治于西宁市好伙伴宠物医院的雄性小泰迪犬病例,诊断为犬细小病毒和犬冠状病毒混合感染.采用注射犬单克隆抗体、犬免疫球蛋白、犬五连血清等特异性抗体疗法,结合抗感染、补液和对症治疗,取得了满意的治疗效果.     

Kinetics of phytohemagglutinin response in chickens infected with various strains of Marek's disease virus

Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) response of whole blood lymphocytes from white leghorn inbred line 7(2) chickens infected with various strains of Marek's disease virus (MDV) was monitored sequentially for 6 weeks postinfection. A significant difference between JM and GA strains was shown. A two-phase depression in the PHA response was observed in chickens infected with the JM strain. Early depression occurred 1 week postinfection and was followed by recovery a week later. The second depression occurred at 4 weeks postinfection and lasted until the end of the experiment. The GA strain-infected group, on the other hand, began to show depression 4 weeks postinfection, and most chickens died within a short time thereafter. PHA response of chickens infected with strain Md11/75C, attenuated in cell culture from highly virulent strain Md11, was almost the same as that of control chickens.     

水牛感染肝片吸虫后肝脏组织的病理学变化

15 头水牛在人工感染条件下进行肝片吸虫感染, 慢性感染组水牛每天口服60 个囊蚴, 20 d 总共口服1 200 个囊蚴。急性感染组水牛1 次口服1 600 个囊蚴。慢性感染的水牛于感染后第26 周宰杀。急性感染的水牛分别于第10 , 13 , 16 和22 周宰杀。肝脏的组织病理学显示, 肝片吸虫幼虫可引起肝脏一系列炎症反应。急性感染后第10 周和13 周肝细胞变性、坏死, 肝小叶内淤血, 大量淋巴细胞浸润, 继而发展为肝索萎缩。急性感染后第22 周及慢性感染后第26 周, 汇管区内有大量结缔组织及新生的小胆管增生。实验表明慢性感染和急性感染肝片吸虫的水牛均可导致肝脏典型的病理学变化。     

Strongylus edentatus: development and lesions from ten weeks postinfection to patency.

Pony foals inoculated with infective Strongylus edentatus larvae were examined at necropsy from ten to 72 weeks postinfection. At ten weeks postinfection larvae were visible retroperitoneally in the liver and flanks and were recovered from the ligaments of the liver. The fourth molt was detected at 16 weeks postinfection and larvae were also recovered from the wall of the cecum at this time. By 40 weeks adult S. edentatus containing eggs were found in the contents of the cecum and colon. While many larvae migrate to remote parts of the body, it is likely that only those that attain the base of the cecum are successful in establishing in the cecum and colon as adult forms. By 36 weeks postinfection no larvae were found in the liver and up to this time none were found in the peritoneal cavity. Larvae were not recovered from the parenchyma of the lungs. Adhesions and disruption of omental architecture were frequent changes observed throughout infection. Casts of necrotic eosinophils enclosing tracks and larvae were observed beneath the intima of major veins of the cecum and colon. The liver was rough and the capsule thickened at 16 and 20 weeks postinfection and the flanks remained edematous until 36 weeks postinfection.     

囊虫病猪血清CA效价与虫负荷的相关性及CA与Ab的动态观察

应用ELISA双抗体夹心法检测囊虫病猪血清中的循环抗原(CA),对CA效价与虫负荷的相关性作了初步观察,发现两者密切相关.轻度感染猪血清CA效价≤000,中度为1000～10000,重度为10000～100000.人工感染病猪血清一般在感染后1周检出CA,于感染后4～5周达高峰;抗体一般于感染后2周检出.这种方法可检出的最小虫负荷约为20个/猪     

Comparison of pepsin-digestion and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of trichinosis in swine.

Comparison of parasitological and serological diagnosis of trichinosis in swine was carried out on 36 pigs given 15,400 infective larvae each by gavage. Circulating eosinophil levels were determined and sera were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for anti-Trichinella antibodies. Two pigs were killed per day from days 15 to 29 postinfection. Muscle was examined by pepsin-digestion and comparable tissue was fed to a rat. Eosinophil counts increased at about day 6 and reached peak levels about day 25 postinfection and returned to approximate preinfection levels about two months postinfection in those pigs still in the study. Infective larvae were recovered from all pigs killed at greater than or equal to 18 days postinfection. Using the criterion of 5 x mean optical density readings of negative sera as positive, seroconversion occurred between days 19 and 26 postinfection. Use of a lower criterion of 3 x mean optical density readings of negative sera resulted in only three of 30 pigs killed greater than or equal to 18 days postinfection seroconverting less than or equal to 18 days postinfection, when infective larvae were first recovered in the musculature. In pigs, even in those heavily infected, there is a lag between the period that trichinae in musculature become infective and development of antibodies as detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay which results in false negative reactions in many animals. This study demonstrated that the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using an excretory-secretory antigen should not be used to certify pork or pork products free of infective Trichinella larvae or safe for human consumption.     

Lack of effect of recombinant bovine interferon alpha I1 in the treatment of experimentally-induced bovine warts.

Fifteen four-month old calves were inoculated, on five scarified sites on each side of the neck, with a suspension of ground wart tissue from a steer naturally infected with bovine papilloma virus 1. Warts started to appear about one month postinfection and were measurable in ten calves two months postinfection, when the trial started. After stratification on the size of the warts, all fifteen calves were allocated randomly to one of the following treatment groups: twice weekly intramuscular injections of 5 mg recombinant bovine interferon alpha I1 (rBoIFN alpha I1), weekly injection of 5 mg of rBoIFN alpha I1 or placebo, for three weeks. The biggest wart on each calf at the beginning of the trial was measured and photographs of all warts were taken weekly for five weeks. An analysis of covariance on the log of the volumes of warts during the five weeks of the trial showed a significant difference between groups (p = 0.026). Warts in treated groups tended to grow faster than in the placebo group.     

Sequential changes in the number of surface immunoglobulin-bearing B lymphocytes in infectious bursal disease virus-infected chickens

Variations of B lymphocytes bearing surface immunoglobulin (SIg) M [SIg(M)] and G [SIg(G)] were studied in the spleen and peripheral blood of chickens infected with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). The proportion of SIg-bearing B lymphocytes and SIg(M)- and SIg(G)-bearing B cells in chickens infected at one day of age decreased from 1 week postinfection (p.i.) onward and was significantly lower at 8 weeks p.i. In chickens infected at 4 weeks, the percentage of SIg-bearing B cells decreased severely during the first 2 weeks p.i. The decrease of SIg(M)-bearing B cells preceded that of SIg (G)-bearing B cells: the lowest percentage of SIg(M)-bearing B cells has observed 2 to 3 days p.i., and that of SIg(G)-bearing B cells was seen 4 days p.i. The results suggest that SIg(M)-bearing B cells are the major target for IBDV infection.     

Effect of Rous associated virus number 7 on lymphoid cells and tissues of the chicken

Infection of chicks or chick embryos with Rous associated virus number 7 (RAV-7) led to a decreased blastogenic response to Concanavalin A (Con A) by lymphocytes isolated from the spleen and thymus. Chicks infected with RAV-7 8 days after hatch manifested decreased Con A blastogenesis 5 weeks postinfection, while chicks infected in ovo at 10 days of incubation showed an unusual pattern of cell density dependent decreased blastogenesis two weeks post-hatch (three weeks post-infection). Histopathological examination of tissues from RAV-7 infected chicks revealed evidence of lymphoid organ involution and widespread lymphoproliferative lesions by 3 weeks of age. The combination of decreased in vitro lymphoid blastogenesis and in vivo lymphoproliferation suggests that RAV-7 interacts with lymphocytes in a fashion that has not previously been described in the chicken.     

Immune profile of infectious bursal disease. III. Effect of infectious bursal disease virus on the lymphocyte responses to phytomitogens and on mixed lymphocyte reaction of chickens

A whole-blood-culture technique was used to sequentially evaluated peripheral blood lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) of normal chickens and chickens infected at 1 day or 3 weeks of age with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). This method had numerous advantages over the more conventional techniques. A comparative study was made on the percentage of inhibition of responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes to PHA and Con A of 1-day- and 3-week-old IBDV-infected chickens. In both groups, there was a minimum inhibition between 3 and 4 weeks postinfection (PI) and a maximum inhibition at 6 weeks PI. A one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was performed using mitomycin-C-treated cells as stimulator cells obtained from chickens of genetically different strains. Lymphocytes from the experimental birds (control, 1-day-infected, and 3-week-infected groups) were used as the responder cells. The results showed that MLR response of the IBDV-infected chickens was significantly reduced compared with those of the uninfected controls. The degree of lowered response was much more severe in chickens infected at 1 day of age than in those infected at 3 weeks of age.     

Indications of immunodepression in chickens infected with various strains of Marek's disease virus

The effect of infection by various strains of Marek's disease virus (MDV) on the immune function of 3-week-old chickens was examined. MDV strains of low (CU-2, RB-7) and high (RB-3, MD-5, and MD-11) pathogenicity were compared with prototype JM-10 strain of moderate pathogenicity. Mortality, whole body weight, relative weights of lymphoid organs, histopathology, humoral antibody responses to thymus-dependent and -independent antigens, and in vitro lymphocyte responses to mitogen stimulation were investigated at 1, 2, and 3 weeks postinfection. MDV strains of high pathogenicity significantly depressed responses at 3 weeks postinfection, seeming to indicate the ability of these viruses to induce severe immunodepression. However, the fact that the moderately pathogenic and even some of the low-pathogenicity strains induced immunodepression suggests that other viral mechanisms are also important in its determination.