绥糯粱1号的选育与栽培技术

绥糯粱1号是黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院选育的酿造用高粱新品种,支链淀粉含量85.1%。2018—2019年在黑龙江省和内蒙古自治区进行每年6点次自布点试验,2年试验平均产量8 263.0 kg/hm²,比对照绥杂7号增产9.1%。2021年通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记,登记名称绥糯粱1号,登记编号为GPD高粱(2021)230032.该品种具有矮秆、耐密、适合机械化作业、商品粮品质优良等特点,适宜在黑龙江省第四积温带和内蒙古自治区≥10℃活动积温2 250℃以上区域种植。     

酿造用高粱新品种绥杂10的选育与栽培技术

绥杂10是黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院选育的酿造用高粱新品种。2018—2019年在黑龙江省和内蒙古自治区进行每年6点次自布点试验,2年试验平均产量8 199.6 kg/hm²,比对照绥杂7号增产8.3%。2021年通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记,该品种具有矮秆、耐密、适合机械化作业、商品粮品质优良等特点,适宜在黑龙江省第四积温带和内蒙古自治区≥10℃活动积温2 270℃以上区域种植。     

呼伦贝尔岭东引种水稻新品种绥粳18试验初探

绥粳18是黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院以绥粳4号为母本、绥粳3号为父本配组,品种间有性杂交,系谱法育成,主茎12片叶的早熟品种。2016~2018年引种试验平均产量548.7 kg/667 m^2,对照品种龙庆稻3号平均产量517.3 kg/667 m^2,平均比对照品种增产6.03%。绥粳18耐寒抗逆性强,活秆成熟,适合于内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市≧10℃有效活动积温2 300~2 450℃的稻作区种植,可在相应的生态区域内推广应用。     

丰收26号的特点及栽培技术

丰收26号是黑龙江省农业科学院克山分院1998年以克交96—194为母本、绥96—81045为父本，配制杂交组合；1999—2000年所内种植F1～F2，2000年冬海南岛种植F3．2001年所内种植F4，2002年所内种植F5．当年决选稳定品系，品系代号为克交02—8321。2003—2004年参加所内品种比较试验．2005年参加黑龙江省预备试验．2006年参加国家北方春大豆早熟组区域试验．     

玉米杂交种绥玉6号(绥310)的选育与推广利用

绥玉6号(绥310)由黑龙江省农科院绥化农科所1990年育成，组合杂C546×L105．该品种属中早熟种，出苗至成熟115天(绥化市)，需≥10℃活动积温约2400℃。1991～1995年在各类产量试验中表现高产、优质、适应性广。在公顷5.0万株密度下，平均公顷产量7850.8kg，比对照品种东农248增产11.5%。适宜黑龙江省第二积温带东部低湿区、第三积温带西部平原丘陵区及吉林省东部半山区种植。一般4月下旬至5月初播种为宜，种植密度每公顷4.5～5.0万株，肥水条件好的地区或地块每公顷保苗可达5.5万株。制种父母本可同期播种，父母本种植行比1:4。     

早熟春玉米绥玉10的选育

早熟春玉米新品种绥玉10是由黑龙江省农科院绥化农科所以绥系601为母本,绥系701为父本杂交育成,2003年春经黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定(审定编号为黑审玉2003010)。该品种生育日数115 d,需≥10℃积温2 350℃.d,具有产量水平高,抗病、抗逆性强,子粒商品品质好,适应性广的特点。适宜黑龙江省第二、三积温带种植,2006年推广面积达9.67万hm2,累计推广面积达16万hm2,已成为黑龙江省第二、三积温带主栽品种之一。     

2006年黑龙江省审定推广的大豆新品种

1绥农23 1.1品种来源 黑龙江省农业科学院绥化农业科学研究所以绥农4号为母本,以(绥93-681X吉林27)F1为父本杂交,系谱法选育而成.1998年F5代决选,代号为绥98-336.     

绥农33大豆新品种选育报告

绥农33是黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院和黑龙江省龙科种业集团有限公司经有性杂交育成的高产抗病大豆新品种,于2012年1月经黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定推广。该品种2009—2010年黑龙江省区域试验平均产量2710.1公斤/公顷,较对照品种绥农28增产12.0%;2011年黑龙江省生产试验平均产量2601.8公斤/公顷,较对照品种绥农28增产9.8%。品种适宜黑龙江省第二积温带以及吉林、内蒙、新疆等省区相适应的积温区域种植。     

玉米新品种绥玉16的高产栽培技术研究

玉米新品种绥玉16由黑龙江省农科院绥化农科所玉米育种研究室以自交系绥系SGY22为母本、自交系绥系SGy46为父本杂交育成。该品种生育日数126 d,需≥10℃积温2 600℃.d,具有幼苗生长势强、苗期耐低温、耐旱能力强的特点,适宜黑龙江省第一积温带种植。     

大豆新品种牡豆9号的选育

牡豆9号是黑龙江省农科院牡丹江分院2005年以(黑农48×绥04-5474)的F1为母本,与黑农48为父本进行有性杂交,采用系谱法经多年鉴定选育而成。该品种需≥10℃积温2 330℃左右,2012—2014年在各级产量试验中均表现早熟、高产、高油、多抗等优点,2015年通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定命名。适宜黑龙江省第二积温带和吉林省东部半山区相同条件的地区种植应用,种植密度一般以每公顷保苗25~30万株。     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

Studies on natural repellents against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) in country stores

Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.     

Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets

Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of different accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. from Uruguay

Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.     

Extreme resistance to infection by potato virus X in genotypes of wild tuber-bearingSolanum species

Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta. Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X¹ (also called RX_act).     

Cyanobacteria Secondary Metabolites as Biotechnological Ingredients in Natural Anti-Aging Cosmetics: Potential to Overcome Hyperpigmentation,Loss of Skin Density and UV Radiation-Deleterious Effects

The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O₂^•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O₂^•− scavenging, (IC₅₀ = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC₂₅ = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC₅₀ = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC₅₀ = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O₂^•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms.     

Marine Pharmacology in 2009–2011: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial,Antidiabetic, Antifungal,Anti-Inflammatory,Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis,and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems,and other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action ?

The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories.     

Recent Modifications of Chitosan for Adsorption Applications: A Critical and Systematic Review

Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase).