首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Effects of Dimilin, a new selective insecticide, on forest insects Dimilin (PH60-40 (1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-2,6-difluorobenzoyl)urea) is a new insecticide prohibiting the moulting of insect larvae. In last years studies were made in Munich in laboratory and under field conditions, partly by using of aeroplanes, to test the effects of Dimilin on several forest pests as well as on predatoring insects and parasites. The mortality of the phytophagous insects taking up the hormonoid by food reached 100% in all experiments. On the contrary the predators and parasites were spared. Solely some problems are included in the longevity of the substance.  相似文献   

2.
Zusammenfassung Bienen, die einem küstlichen Magnetfeld ausgesetzt sind, halten sich nachts zu etwa 65% in der Nähe der magnetischen Hauptachsen auf, während sich aufgrund der gesteigerten Aktivität am Tage keine bevorzugte Anordnung ergibt.Eine Abhängigkeit der Magnetotaxis zu verschieden orientierten Herkunftsbeuten ist nicht feststellbar.
Studies on the magnetotaxis of honey bees, apis mellifica L.
When bees are kept under the influence of a synthetic magnetic field, 65% of them will remain near the main magnetic axis during the night. Due to greater activity during day time they show no preference for any arragement.Dependence of the magnetotaxis upon variously orientated hives, cannot be determined.


Mit 2 Abbildungen

Die Versuche wurden im Rahmen einer Staatsexamensarbeit vonH. Feickert durchgeführt.  相似文献   

3.
Effect of Dimilin prohibiting the moulting of insects on larvae of Yponomeuta ssp. and their parasites Field and laboratory studies made in 1974 showed that Dimilin [1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)uera] prohibited the moulting ofYponomeuta larvae and caused 100% mortality of L1-L3 at a concentrration of 0.06 ppb. Compared with this the L4 and L5 were very less susceptible.All of the pupae growing out of L5 treated with Dimilin in the field died. But from these puape a considerable number of parasitic Hymenoptera and Diptera emerged, in the course of which the spectrum of species emerging, from treated and unterated hosts was nearly the same one.  相似文献   

4.
Effects of Dimilin on adults and eggs of Agelastica alni L. (Coleopt., Chrysomelidae) In consequence of treating adults ofA. alni with Dimilin the median number of egg clusters per female decreased about by a half. The absolute number of eggs was not affected. On the contrary the number of fertilized eggs as well as the number of hatched larvae decreased considerably. In the controlbreedings there were no differences between the quote of fertilized eggs and that of hatched eggs, but the treatment of adults with Dimilin resulted in a great difference between these quotes. The behaviour of male and female adults did'nt show changes. The eggs were susceptible to Dimilin, the young eggs more than the elder ones.  相似文献   

5.
Dimilin 0,5 G at the rate of 0,300 g a. i. per feddan was tested against nematode community,Pratylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus, andCriconemoides in maize field as over-all treatment after harvesting clover crop and preplanting maize. Dimilin reduced the population of the mixed nematode community (40,2% reduction) in comparison with the untreated checks. No phytotoxicity took place on maize plants.  相似文献   

6.
A study was carried out on the preference to some types of sugars by worker honey bees, and their effect on bee longevities. Honey syrup was preferred as food by the bees, followed by inverted sugar, common sugar syrup, and molasses. Worker honey bees fed on honey had the longest life-span (13.7 days), while those fed on commercial glucose had the earliest deaths.  相似文献   

7.
Males of the larch bud moth developing onPicea excelsa in the SSR respond when tested by the electroantenno-grammethod or in the field much stronger to (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate (E 9–12 Ac) as to the (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E 11–14 Ac) which is maximally prefered by the larch bud moth developing onLarix decidua. Thus the spruce form exhibits a similar reaction as the males developing onPinus cembra sympatrically with the larch form in the Alps.  相似文献   

8.
Zusammenfassung Die Wirkung zweier Virusstämme (NPV), die sich in Form und Größe ihrer Polyeder unterscheiden, wurde bei Raupen und Puppen des Schwammspinners(L. dispar) untersucht. Es zeigte sich, daß der Virusstamm mit kubischen Einschließungskörpern eine deutlich höhere Virulenz besitzt als das Virus mit sphärischen Polyedern.Bezüglich der Übertragungsweise von Generation zu Generation konnte bei beiden untersuchen Virusstämmen kein Unterschied festgestellt werden.
The effect of two different virus strains on the larvae and pupae of the Gipsy Moth,Lymantria dispar L. (Lep., Lymantriidae)
The effect of two virus strains (NVP), which are different relative to the shape and size of their polyhedra, was tested on larvae and pupae of the Gypsy Moth(L. dispar). It was shown that a virus strain with cuboidal inclusion bodies was much more virulent than a strain with spherical polyhedra. No difference was observed in the mode of trans-ovum transmission of the two investigated virus strains.


Mit 4 Abbildungen und 3 Tabellen  相似文献   

9.
10.
The efficacy of the biopreparations Dipel and Thuricide HP in combination with the pyrethroid Permethrin, and that of Permethrin in the control ofOrgyia antiqua larvae has been tested in the field. The results indicate that these preparations may replace satisfactorily insecticides of the group of chlorated carbohydrates, and organophosphates, in the control ofOrgyia larvae. The persistence of spores of both Dipel and Thuricide was found to be good on the pine needles. The main advantage of the tested preparations is their complete harmlessness to vertebrates. Since they do not contaminate the external environment, they can be used safely in the treatment of large areas of infected forest stands located at the site of important water resources and recreation areas.  相似文献   

11.
Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Nuclear-Polyedrose-Virus ausLeucoma salicis-Raupen beschrieben und das Ergebnis von Untersuchungen über seine Wirkung auf 5 Lymantriiden-Arten mitgeteilt. Das Virus zeigte hohe Pathogenität gegenLymantria dispar, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Leucoma salicis undOrgyia antiqua, dagegen geringe gegenLymantria monacha. Die Lt50- und LD50-Werte für die verschiedenen Wirte werden mitgeteilt.
On cross infectivity of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolated fromLeucoma salicis to some related Lymantriidae
A virus strain isolated from larvae ofLeucoma salicis L. (Lep., Lymantriidae) was tested against 5 species of Lymantriidae. This virus showed a high pathogenicity againstLymantria dispar, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Leucoma salicis andOrgyia antiqua. The nun moth,Lymantria monocha, was less suspectible to the nuclear polyhedrosis virus; this could be shown by aid of the calculated values of the Lt50 and the LD50.


Mit 5 Abbildungen und 5 Tabellen  相似文献   

12.
Zusammenfassung Zwecks Untersuchung der Beutepräferenz und der Effizienz des räuberischen NematodenDiplogaster sp. wurden dessen Adulten mit den Larven zweier pflanzenparasitärer Nematodenarten (Pratylenchus zeae undMeloidogyne incognita var. 3) sowie mit den Larven zweier Fliegenarten (Ceratitis capitata undMusca domestica) zusammen gehalten.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß dieDiplogaster-Nematoden einen großen Teil der Beutetiere fraßen, und zwar in der ReihenfolgeM. incognita, P. zeae, C. capitata undM. domestica. Die beiden phytoparasitären Nematodenarten wurden somit den Insekten-larven vorgezogen. Die Vernichtungsquoten betrugen in dieser Reinhenfolge 81,5-76-55 und 44%.
Effect of different kinds of food source on the predation efficiency ofDiplogaster sp. nematode (Rhabdita, Diplogasteridae)
The present investigation was conducted to assess the favorable prey of different vermiform larvae of certain insects (Ceratitis capitata, Musca domestica) and phyto-parasitic nematodes (Pratylenchus zeae, Meloidogyne incognita var. 3) which would exterminated by the predator nematode,Diplogaster sp.The obtained results indicate thatDiplogaster sp. exteriminated large numbers of prey ofM. incognita var. 3 andP. zeae, followed byC. capitata andM. domestica. The larvae of phytoparasitic nematodes were preferable prey toDiplogaster nematode, than that of insects. The predatious rate on the larvae ofM. incognita, P. zeae, C. capitata andM. domestica was 81.5, 76, 55, and 44%, respectively.


Mit einer Tabelle  相似文献   

13.
Infection of sugarcane and maize plants with SCMV strain D and its substrains Da and De caused a makred decrease inleaf chlorophylls (A) and (B) while other pig-ments (xanthophyll and carotine) wer not markedley affected. SCMV isolates DcI (highly pathogenic), DVIII (moderately pathogenic) and DI (weakly pathogenic) caused a significant reduction in reducing, non-reducing and total sugars of infected sugarcane leaves. Infection of different sugarcane varieties with Dc I, D VIII and DI virus isolates increased invertase activity in stalks. The highly pathogenic isolate DcI induced highest enzyme activity folloed by moderately pathogenic isolate D VIII and finally weakly pathogenic isolate D I.  相似文献   

14.
15.
The test of pesticides in tree forests is expensive, because a helicopter mission is always required. However instructive orientating results can be gathered in young tree cultures, which were treated with pesticides from the ground, using a sprayer. In a five year old maple (Acer platanoides L.) culture in the Rhine-valley near Freiburg (Southwestern Germany) the effect of a new pesticide (Bayer SIR 8514, Trifluron) on the winter moth (Operophthera brumata I..) was tested, and the result compared with that of Diflubenzuron (Dimilin) and with an untreated control. The effect of the treatments was checked by means of gluebands and a modification of the arboreal photo-eclector. This photo-eclector for small trees is described and its advantages against the glue-band-method are discussed. Compared with the abundance on an untreated control Trifluron brought a 90% reduction of the winter moth population, Dimilin only a 70% reduction (results of photo-electors). However, the number of replicates was too small to show real differences between the action of Dimilin and Trifluron.  相似文献   

16.
Zusammenfassung Der Häutungshemmstoff Dimilin hat sich im Waldschutz gegen freifressende Schmetterlings- und Blattwespenlarven hervorragend bewährt. Gegen saugende und versteckt fressende Gliederfüßler ist er unwirksam. Er gehört keiner Giftklasse an, ist nicht phytotoxisch und ist bienenungefährlich. Auch ein Teil der Wurzelnematoden kann mit ihm bekämpft werden.Bei phytophagen Insekten-Imagines kann Dimilin zur Verminderung der Reproduktionsrate führen. Gegen frisch abgelegte Arthropoden-Eier wirkt Dimilin ovizid.Den zahlreichen positiven Eigenschaften des Dimilins stehen als unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen vor allem seine Persistenz sowie die Häutungshemmung auch bei indifferenten phytophagen Larven gegenüber. Ob und wieweit unter normalen Bekämpfungsbedingungen Teile der Bodenfauna durch Dimilin beeinträchtigt werden, müssen künftige Untersuchungen zeigen. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit hierzu ist sehr gering.
On the role of Dimilin a new insecticide inhibiting the chitin synthesis in forest protection and wood ecosystems
In last years Dimilin showed high efficiency against free feeding larvac of Lepidoptera and Tenthredinidae injurious to forests. Arthropods sucking plant sap or living hidden at plants can not be reached by this substance. However some species of nematodes living ectoparasitic on roots are susceptible. Dimilin does'nt belong to a poison-class. It is'nt toxic to plants and to bees.Adult insects are influenced by Dimilin in the direction of decreasing the reproduction. The substance is ovicide against fresh laid insect eggs.Some side effects of Dimilin injuring the ecosystem are the long termed persistence and the destroying of phytophagous larvae which are economic indifferent. Further studies must show wether the soil fauna is affected by control measures using Dimilin.
  相似文献   

17.
Zusammenfassung Es werden die kürzlich (1966) vonVaková publizierten Befunde bestätigt und ergänzt, wonach Exotoxin vonBacillus thuringiensis var.thuringiensis aufGalleria mellonella-Raupen nach peroraler Applikation wirksam ist. Die Tatsache, daß andere Autoren bisher mit ihren Exotoxin-Präparaten keine Wirksamkeit gegenüber diesem Wirt erzielen konnten, kann verschiedene Ursachen haben. Die bisher vorliegenden Versuchsergebnisse bringen allerdings auch weiterhin noch keinen Entscheid in der Frage, obB. thuringiensis var.thuringiensis qualitativ verschiedene Exotoxine zu produzieren vermag oder nicht.
Summary Laboratory trials withGallelia mellonella have shown that the caterpillars are susceptible to peroral application of the exotoxin ofBacillus thuringiensis var.thuringiensis. These results confirm and complete findings ofVaková (1966) which were obtained with another application technique. The fact that other authors could not find any reaction ofG. mellonella. larvae against exotoxin may be based on several reasons: The results presented here cannót decide whetherB. thuringiensis var.thuringiensis is able to produce qualitatively different exotoxines or not. Such a decision can only be made by an adequate comparison of different exotoxin-preparations on the same test-insects.
  相似文献   

18.
19.
20.
Zusammenfassung Eine Verdunstungsrate von 93 mg/Baum/Tag aus 24 Polyethylen-Dispensern von je 50 cm Länge und mit 10 ml Verbenon gefüllt, verhinderte nicht den Befall der verbenonbehandelten lebenden Fichten durch Buchdrucker, obwohl pheropraxbeköderte Schlitzfallen in nur 6 m Entfernung (d. i. die Hälfte des praxisüblichen Sicherheitsabstandes) standen. Im Gegenteil, alle 6 verbenonbehandelten Fichten wurden besiedelt, 5 von ihnen innerhalb von 2 Tagen nach Applikation der Verbenondispenser, wogegen nur 2 der ebenfalls in 6 m Entfernung stehenden unbehandelten Kontrollfichten ganz schwach (1 bzw. 2. Einbohrungen) nach 10 Tagen befallen wurden. An den Verbenonfichten reichte die Zone der Einbohrlöcher (4–38 je Baum) nicht wesentlich über 3 m hinaus, d. i. etwa die obere Grenze der Verbenon-Zone, die 0,5m über dem Boden beganri. Die Käfer hatten sich dicht neben und sogar unter den Dispensern eingebohrt. Diese Befunde deuten an, daß Verbenon in Kombination mit flüchtigen Wirtsbauminhaltsstoffen eine gewisse Attraktivität für Buchdrucker besitzt.In zusätzlichen Experimenten (Rotation mit Schlitzfallen) konnte sichergestellt werden, daß die hier verwendete Verbenoncharge die übliche antiaggregative Eigenschaft hat (die mit diesem Verbenon beköderten Fallen erbrachten nur 2% des Fanges der ausschließlich mit PheropraxR beköderten Vergleichsfallen). Schlitzfallen mit PheropraxR plus Verbenon können aber auch sehr viel mehr Buchdrucker fangen, nämlich wenn sie inmitten einer Anzahl von in der Nähe befindlichen, nur mit PheropraxR beköderten Fallen stehen (40–60% von deren Fängen, z. B. innerhalb einer kreuzförmigen Anordnung mit Abständen von 2 m zwischen den Fallen).Offenbar besteht kein Zusammenhang zwischen dem o. g. Mangel an Reppellentwirkung des an der lebenden Fichte applizierten Verbenons und der Photoisomerisation bzw. der Umwandlung des Verbenon zu Chrysanthenon: Nach kontrollierter Lichtexposition (in voller Sonne und bei einer zweiten Variante innerhalb einer schwarzen Schlitzfalle) reduzierte das lichtexponierte Verbenon in mit zusätzlichem PheropraxR beköderten Schlitzfallen die Fänge um 95–98%, unabhängig davon, ob die Expositionszeit 1 Stunde oder 1 Monat betragen hatte. Vermutlich war nur ein Teil der Verbenonmenge umgewandelt und der Rest reichte zur Abschreckung. Lediglich eine Variante mit frischem, nicht lichtexponiertem Verbenon bewirkte eine signifikante, wenn auch sehr schwache Steigerung der Fangreduktion auf 98,8%, was darauf hindeutet, daß von der ursprünglichen, repellenten Wirkung doch ein wenig durch Photoisomerisation verlorengegangen ist.
Effects of verbenone on the spruce bark beetleIps typographus L. (Col., Scolytidae)
Release of antiaggregation pheromone, verbenone, at 93 mg/tree/day from 24 polyethylene dispensers (earch 50 cm long, filled with 10 ml verbenone) per living spruce (Picea abies) did not prevent attacks by spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) despite aggregation pheromone dispensers (PheropraxR) have been placed much below security distance only 6m apart of the verbenone-treated spruce in order to trigger a lot of beetles to both the treated and untreated spruces. In opposite, all of the 6 verbenone-treated spruces were colonized by spruce bark beetles, 5 of them within 2 days after treatment whereas only 2 of the nearby neighbouring untreated spruces have been slightly (1 resp. 2 boring holes) attacked 10 days atter treatment. On the verbenone-spruces, the boring holes (4–38 per tree) did not much exceed 3 m of height, i. e. the upper border of the verbenone-treated zone beginning 0.5 m above ground. Attacks of spruce bark beetles occured close to and even under the verbenone dispenser. These findings obviously reveal some attractiveness of verbenonen in combination with host tree odors. The charge of verbenone used in this experiment had proved to be well antiaggregative in additional trials with rotating slot traps: traps baited with PheropraxR and verbenone in polyethylene bags caught only 2% of those baited exclusively with the spruce bark beetle pheromone PheropraxR.But slot traps containing both PheropraxR and verbenone can also catch much moretypographus when positioned among a number of Pheroprax-baited traps close by (40–60% of their catches, e. g. within a cross of traps with distances of 2m between traps). The lack of any repellent activity of verbenone released in large amounts from dispensers on living trees obviously does not depend on photoisomerization of verbenone, converted to chrysanthenone: After having been exposed either to full sunlight or to sunlight within the shelter of a black slot trap, verbenone released from a dispenser within a slot trap baited with PheropraxR reduced the response ofIps typographus at the (in trap trials) well known level of about 95–98%, regardless of the duration of the preceding light exposure within the scope of 1 hour to 1 month. Presumably, only a small part of verbenone has been converted to chrysanthenon and the remaining part was still antiaggregative. Merely absolutely unexposed verbenone showed significant higher reduction of spruce bark beetles (98.8%) than the light exposure treatments did. This may indicate a very slight loss of bioactivity of verbenone by photoisomerization.


Mit 3 Tabellen  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号