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1.
The forest floor represents the major source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) in forest soils. The release mechanisms of DOC and DON from forest floors and their environmental controls as well as the dynamics of concentrations and fluxes are still poorly understood. We investigated the effect of drying and rewetting on the release of DOC and DON from a Norway spruce forest floor. Undisturbed soil columns of 17 cm diameter and 15—20 cm height were taken with 7 replicates from the forest floor of a mature Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) site and established at 10°C in the laboratory. Columns were exposed to different periods of drying (3, 5, 10, 20 days). Each drying period was followed by a rewetting for 5 days at an irrigation rate of 10 mm d—1 with a natural throughfall solution. The percolates from the forest floor were collected daily and analyzed for DOC, total N, NH4, NO3, pH, electrical conductivity and major ions. Drying for 10 and 20 days decreased the water content of the Oi horizon from 280% dry weight to about 30%. The water content of the Oe and the Oa horizon only changed from about 300% to 200%. The fluxes of DOC from the forest floor were moderately effected by drying and rewetting with an increase after 3 and 5 days of drying, but a decrease after 10 and 20 days. On the contrary, the drying for 10 and 20 days resulted in a drastic increase of the DON fluxes and a subsequent decrease of the DOC/DON ratios in the forest floor percolates from about 50 to 3.3. These results suggest that the mechanisms for DOC release in forest floors differ from those for DON and that drying and rewetting cause temporal variations in the DOC/DON ratios in forest floor percolates. 相似文献
2.
不同松栎混交林土壤溶解性有机碳氮的差异分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为揭示北亚热带地区不同林分类型的土壤活性碳氮分布特征,在驻马店市南部山区选取4处具有代表性的松栎人工混交林为研究对象,对其0-20 cm土壤的溶解性有机碳（DOC）,溶解性有机氮（DON）等组分进行研究。结果表明:4种林型土壤DOC的含量为麻栎纯林 > 湿地松麻栎混交林 > 火炬松麻栎混交林 > 马尾松麻栎混交林,DON的含量为马尾松麻栎混交林 > 麻栎纯林 > 湿地松麻栎混交林 > 火炬松麻栎混交林,不同林分类型间整体上差异性显著（p<0.05）;在垂直剖面上,4种林型土壤DOC和DON均随土层深度的增加而显著性下降（p<0.05）。4种林分类型DOC/SOC,DON/TN,DOC/DON分别以麻栎纯林、马尾松麻栎混交林、麻栎纯林最高,在垂直空间分布上,差异性整体上不显著。土壤DOC和DON与土壤含水率、土壤硬度、速效钾、全氮均呈显著（p<0.05）或极显著（p<0.01）相关性。 相似文献
3.
安徽老山亚热带常绿阔叶林降雨中氮和可溶性有机碳的动态变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对安徽老山自然保护区亚热带常绿阔叶林降雨中可溶性碳和氮动态进行了研究。结果表明,该地区大气降雨pH为6.82,呈中性;TOC含量为3.330mg/L,NH4+-N含量为0.405mg/L,NO3-N含量0.501mg/L。降雨经过冠层后,物质成分的含量发生显著改变。穿透雨的TOC含量为10.498mg/L,NH4+-N含量为0.454mg/L,NO3-N含量为0.959mg/L,分别是林外降雨的3.15,1.12,1.91倍。树干径流的TOC含量为21.157mg/L,NH4+-N含量为0.972mg/L,NO3-N含量为1.040mg/L,分别是林外降雨的6.35,2.40,2.08倍。TOC及氮含量的低值都是出现在夏季生长旺盛期,可能与树木在此期需要大量的养分来维持有关,而林外雨各物质含量的出现低值主要与降雨强度、降雨量有关。 相似文献
4.
Peidong Xu Lei Shi Xin Yang Haoming Yang Kuanhu Dong Changhui Wang 《Land Degradation u0026amp; Development》2023,34(15):4690-4698
Soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a critical role in regulating the cycling of terrestrial biogeochemistry. However, the influence mechanisms of nitrogen (N) addition on soil DOM concentration are not well understood at the regional scale. We performed a meta-analysis of 1004 paired observations from 115 literature to explore how N addition affected the soil DOM concentration, including dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON), in China. Overall, N addition markedly stimulated the soil DOC and DON concentrations by 5.2% and 33.1%, respectively. This implied that the stimulation by increased N availability than the suppression by decreased soil pH played a more important role in the soil DOM concentration under N addition. The N addition level showed a significantly positive correlation with the soil DOC and DON concentrations under N addition. The N addition influence on soil DOC concentration was decreased along with the increase in initial soil total nitrogen (TN). This demonstrated the microbial N mining theory in the low N soils and the stoichiometric decomposition theory in the high N soils at the regional scale. The mean annual precipitation (MAP) potentially facilitated the leaching out of soil DON and displayed a negative impact on the soil DON concentration under N addition. The increased soil depth and initial soil pH depressed the soil DOC concentration whereas stimulated the soil DON concentration under N addition. This indicated that DOC mostly accumulated in the top soil and DON largely leached to the deep soil. And the initial soil pH with high value perhaps promoted the uptake of DOC for microbes and the solubility of DON, and thus resulted in the opposite influences on the soil DOC and DON concentrations. Our study provided a mechanistic understanding on N addition influence on the C and N dynamics of terrestrial ecosystem at the regional scale. 相似文献
5.
为了研究施用秸秆对土壤可溶性有机碳氮及矿质态氮含量的影响,设置CK（对照）,M2,M4,M6共4个处理,处理中每100 g干土中加入秸秆量分别为0,2,4,6 g。在室温为25℃、土壤含水量为田间持水量的70%的条件下进行培养试验,分别在15,30,45,60,105,150 d时,采取各处理中的土壤样品,观测土壤可溶性有机碳氮及矿质氮的动态变化。结果表明:4个处理的土壤可溶性有机碳、氮具有相同的变化趋势,表现为随着培养时间的推移,先增加,再减小,然后经过一段时间的波动后趋于平稳。在培养的整个过程中,M4与M6处理的土壤可溶性有机碳、氮明显高于CK中的含量,表明了施用秸秆可以促进土壤可溶性有机碳氮的累积。在相同时间段内,各处理之间铵态氮含量无明显差异,与对照相比,加入秸秆后,土壤中硝态氮的含量明显下降。 相似文献
6.
Background
Evidence of trivalent manganese (Mn3+) in the aqueous phase of soils is unknown so far although this strong oxidant has large environmental implications.Aims
We aimed to modify a spectrophotometric protocol (porphyrin method) and to discriminate between Mn2+ and Mn3+ in the aqueous phase of forest soils based on kinetic modeling.Methods
We investigated manganese speciation in 12 forest floor solutions and 41 soil solutions from an acidic forest site by adjusting pH and correcting for absorbance.Results
The solutions showed broad ranges in pH (3.4−6.3), dissolved organic carbon (DOC, 1.78−77.1 mg C L−1), and total Mn (MnT, 23.9−908 µg L−1). For acidic solutions, a pH-buffer was added to increase the pH of the solutions to 7.5−8.0, and background absorption was corrected for colored solutions, that is, solutions high in DOC. This was done to accelerate the reaction kinetics and avoid overestimation of MnT concentrations. After the pH and color adjustments, the comparison of MnT concentrations between the porphyrin method and optical emission spectrometry showed good agreement. Trivalent Mn, which is stabilized by organic ligands, constitutes significant proportions in both forest floor solutions (10−87%) and soil solutions (0.5−74%).Conclusions
The dissolved Mn3+ is present in acidic forest soils. Thus, we revise the paradigm that this species is not stable and encourage to apply the revised method to other soils. 相似文献7.
马尾松-麻栎混交林土壤溶解性有机碳、氮空间分布特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以河南省驻马店西部低山丘陵区马尾松—麻栎混交林为研究对象,分析土壤有机碳(SOC)、溶解性有机碳(DOC)和溶解性有机氮(DON)储量及其对坡向、土层深度(0—10cm和10—20cm)及胸高断面积的响应规律。结果表明:坡向和胸高断面积显著影响SOC和DOC储量(p0.05),且不同坡向土壤中SOC、DOC和DON的影响因素不同。阳坡SOC储量主要限制性因素是速效钾,阴坡是全氮;阳坡与阴坡土壤DOC和DON储量主要受全氮的影响。另外,土层深度亦对SOC、DOC和DON储量有显著影响(p0.05),且随土层加深而降低,呈表层富集的现象。相关性分析表明,SOC、DOC和DON储量与土壤物理性质即土壤湿度、紧实度及土壤中颗粒组成存在显著的相关性。SOC、DOC和DON两两之间呈显著正相关关系,并均与土壤全氮、有效氮(铵态氮、硝态氮和碱解氮)、速效磷和速效钾等含量也存在显著的相关性(p0.01),表明土壤养分含量是影响马尾松—麻栎混交林土壤有机碳储量及溶解性有机碳、氮空间分布的重要因素。 相似文献
8.
以贵州省清镇王家寨为喀斯特高原典型样区,采用网格布点法,调查研究了土壤总有机碳（SOC）、可溶性有机碳（DOC）和微生物生物量碳（MBC）的分布特征。研究结果表明：灌木林地表层土壤SOC、DOC和MBC含量分别为56.86、68.74mg·kg^-1和264.12mg·kg^-1,均显著高于旱地与水田（P〈0.05）;各土地利用方式表层土壤微生物熵（MBC/SOC）值处于0.45%～0.55%之间,土地利用方式对土壤SOC及其组分均有显著影响。协方差分析表明,土壤MBC受土地利用方式和pH的影响较大,土壤SOC和DOC受海拔高度的影响较大。不同土地利用方式下土壤SOC与MBC无相关性,而DOC与MBC的相关性正负各异。3种土地利用方式剖面土壤中,灌木林地0～30cm各土层MBC含量差异显著（P〈0.05）,水田20～30cm土层DOC含量显著低于0～20cm各土层。表层（0～10cm）土壤SOC密度以灌木林地最大,但旱地（155.97t·hm^-2）和水田（107.92t·hm^-2）1m以内土体的有机碳密度显著高于（P〈0.05）灌木林地（76.14t·hm^-2）,结合土层厚度,水田与旱地有机碳储量高于灌木林地。研究表明加强保护灌木林地,对农耕地实行秸秆还田,将有利于区域土壤有机碳的积累和区域生态的恢复,维持区域的可持续发展。 相似文献
9.
The DyDOC model simulates the C dynamics of forest soils, including the production and transport of dissolved organic matter (DOM), on the basis of soil hydrology, metabolic processes, and sorption reactions. The model recognizes three main pools of soil C: litter, substrate (an intermediate transformation product), and humic substances. The model was used to simulate the behavior of C in the O horizon of soil under a Norway spruce stand at Asa, Sweden, that had been subjected to experimental manipulations (addition and removal) of above‐ground litter inputs and to removal of the Oi and Oe layers. Initially, the model was calibrated using results for the control plots and was able to reproduce the observed total soil C pool and 14C content, DOC flux and DO14C content, and the pool of litter C, together with the assumed content of C in humic substances (20% of the total soil C), and the assumed distribution of DOC between hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions. The constant describing DOC exchange between micro‐ and macropores was estimated from short‐term variations in DOC concentration. When the calibrated model was used to predict the effects of litter and soil manipulations, it underestimated the additional DOC export (up to 33%) caused by litter addition, and underestimated the 22% reduction in DOC export caused by litter withdrawal. Therefore, an additional metabolic process, the direct conversion of litter to DOC, was added to the model. The addition of this process permitted reasonably accurate simulation of the results of the manipulation experiments, without affecting the goodness‐of‐fit in the model calibration. The results suggest that, under normal conditions, DOC exported from the Asa forest floor is a mixture of compounds derived from soil C pools with a range of residence times. Approximately equal amounts come from the litter pool (turnover time 4.6 yr), the substrate pool (26 yr), and the humic‐substances pool (36 yr). 相似文献
10.
土壤有机碳氮是土壤肥力的关键因素,有机物料施用是提高土壤有机碳氮的有效措施。研究和比较了不同有机物料输入对土耕层（0—20 cm）土壤有机碳、全氮、可溶性有碳氮及0—200 cm剖面土壤硝态氮和含水量分布变化的后效作用。结果表明,停止施入有机物料两年后,与对照（CK）相比,秸秆与氮磷肥配施（SNP）和生物炭与氮磷肥配施（BNP）的表层（0—20 cm）土壤有机碳（SOC）分别提高了29.5%和29.8%（p<0.05）;氮磷肥（NP）、有机肥与氮磷肥配施（MNP）、秸秆与氮磷肥配施（SNP）和生物炭与氮磷肥配施（BNP）的表层土壤全氮含量较CK分别提高了22.0%,14.3%,24.2%和26.4%（p<0.05）。BNP处理的土壤可溶性有机碳（DOC）显著高于其他处理（p<0.05）,分别比CK,NP,MNP和SNP提高了23.4%,10.9%,21.3%,20.5%;所有施肥处理的土壤可溶性有机氮（DON）均显著高于CK（p<0.05）,分别提高了39.3%,29.3%,34.5%和52.3%。与CK相比,各施肥处理显著提高了表层土壤硝态氮含量（p<0.05）,增加了0—100 cm土层的硝态氮累积量。与NP处理相比,MNP和SNP显著提高了0—200 cm土层的硝态氮累积量（p<0.05）,而BNP则差异不显著。相比CK,施肥处理（NP,MNP,SNP,BNP）可显著提高0—20 cm土层的含水量,增加0—40 cm土层的储水量,且BNP处理显著高于SNP和MNP。总体而言,生物炭在提高和维持表层土壤肥力以及降低剖面硝态氮淋溶风险等方面的后效作用显著优于秸秆和有机肥,是陕西关中地区旱地土上一种较好的有机物料施用方式。 相似文献
11.
12.
改良剂对旱地红壤微生物量碳、氮及可溶性有机碳、氮的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
基于室内模拟培养试验,研究改良剂(生物质炭、过氧化钙)对旱地红壤微生物量碳、氮及可溶性有机碳、氮的影响。试验设置4个处理,即CK、Ca(过氧化钙,1.72g/kg)、C(生物质炭,21.46g/kg)、C+Ca。结果表明:各处理土壤微生物量碳、氮以及可溶性有机碳具有相同的变化趋势,即前期(3d内)都增加较快,在第3天达到最大值,随试验进行有所下降,配施效果优于单施。各处理可溶性有机氮在21d内缓慢增加;第21天时,C+Ca、Ca、C相比CK分别显著增加了62.1%,55.5%,40.9%;35d以后,配施(C+Ca)与单施过氧化钙(Ca)的效果显著优于单施生物质炭(C)和对照(CK)。120d培养期内,配施(C+Ca)处理能够明显提高微生物量碳、氮以及可溶性有机碳、氮的平均含量;微生物量碳的平均含量大小顺序为C+CaCCKCa,微生物量氮的平均含量C+Ca处理显著高于其他处理;可溶性有机碳的平均含量大小顺序为C+CaCaCCK,可溶性有机氮的平均含量C+Ca、Ca处理显著高于CK、C处理。微生物量碳、氮以及可溶性有机碳之间互为极显著正相关(P0.01),而微生物量碳与可溶性有机氮之间呈极显著负相关。因此,生物质炭和过氧化钙能有效提高旱地红壤微生物量碳、氮及可溶性有机碳、氮,且生物质炭与过氧化钙配合施用更有助于土壤改良。 相似文献
13.
以贵州西南部典型喀斯特山区花椒林下不同小生境类型为研究对象,系统地研究了小生境类别与土壤环境因子的对应关系,结果表明：与一般土壤相比,石坑和石沟小生境土壤有机碳、活性有机碳、全氮、碱解氮和基质底物诱导呼吸量增加明显,并体现出良好的正向累积效应,而石洞、石缝和石槽则相反;土壤活性有机碳占总有机碳比例变幅范围在12．61％-15．73％之间,以石槽最高,石沟次之,一般土壤最低;不同小生境类型下,土壤团聚体均以大团聚体为主,〈0．25mm粒级团聚体含量极为低下,不足5％。通径分析结果显示,影响基质诱导呼吸作用最重要的因素是土壤有机碳含量,土壤活性有机碳含量次之,其通径系数分别可达1．530和0．869。总体上,花椒林下小生境可划分沟坑型、一般土及槽缝型三类,与槽缝型相比,沟坑型生境类型土壤有机碳、底物诱导呼吸、全氮、碱解氮、活性有机碳分别可高出73．38％、110．26％、37．01％、44．44％和59．73％。沟坑型小生境对喀斯特山区生态恢复及农业生产的可持续发展具有一定现实意义。 相似文献
14.
The sequestration of carbon in soil is not completely understood, and quantitative information about the rates of soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover could improve understanding. We analyzed the effects of the uneven distribution of crop residues after harvest of silage maize on C and N losses (CO2‐C, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON), and NO3–) from a Haplic Phaeozem and on the occurrence of priming effects induced by the decomposition of accumulated maize residues. Soil columns were taken from a continuous maize (since 1961) field after harvest i) between maize stalk rows (Mbare), ii) within the maize rows including a standing maize stalk (Mstalk), and iii) from a continuous rye (since 1878) field after tillage (rye stalk and roots were mixed into the Ap horizon). The soil columns were incubated for 230 days at 8 °C with an irrigation rate of 2 mm 10–2 M CaCl2 per day. Natural 13C abundance was used to distinguish between maize‐derived C (in SOC and maize residues) and older C originating from former C3 vegetation. The uneven distribution of maize residues resulted in a considerably increased heterotrophic activity within the maize rows as compared with soil between seed rows. Cumulative CO2 production was 53.1 g CO2‐C m–2 for Mstalk and 23.3 g CO2‐C m–2 for Mbare. The contribution of maize‐derived C to the total CO2 emission was 83 % (Mstalk) and 67 % (Mbare). Calculated as difference between CO2‐C release from Mstalk and Mbare, 19 % of the maize residues (roots and stalk) in Mstalk were mineralized during the incubation period. There was no or only a marginal effect of the accumulation of maize residues in Mstalk on leaching of DOC, DON, and NO3–. Total DOC and DON leaching amounted to 2.5 g C m–2 and 0.16 g N m–2 for Mstalk and to 2.1 g C m–2 and 0.12 g N m–2 for Mbare. The contribution of maize‐derived C to DOC leaching was about 25 % for Mstalk and Mbare. Nitrate leaching amounted to 3.9 g NO3–‐N m–2 for Mstalk and to 3.5 g NO3–‐N m–2 for Mbare. There was no priming effect induced by the decomposition of fresh maize residues with respect to CO2 or DOC production from indigenous soil organic carbon derived from C3 vegetation. 相似文献
15.
Seedlings of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), which had been grown under sterile conditions for three months, were treated for one week in a hydroculture system with either 500 μM AlCl3 or 750 μM CaCl2 solutions at pH 4. Organic acids were determined in hot‐water extracts of ground root tissue. Oxalate (3.3—6.6 μmol (g root dry weight)—1) was most abundant. Malate, citrate, formate, acetate, and lactate concentrations ranged between 1—2 μmol (g root dry weight)—1. Organic substances and phosphate found in the treatment solutions at the end of the experimental period were considered to be root exudates. Total root exudation within a 2‐day period ranged from 20—40 μmol C (g root weight)—1. In root exudates, organic acids, and total carbohydrates, total amino acids, and total phenolic substances were quantified. Citrate and malate, although present in hot‐water extracts of root tissue, were not detected in root exudates. Phosphate was released from Ca‐treated plants. In Al treatments, there was indication of Al phosphate precipitation at the root surface. Oxalate and phenolics present in the exudates of Norway spruce seedlings are ligands that can form stable complexes with Al. However, concentrations of these substances in the treatment solutions were at micromolar levels. Their importance for the protection of the sensitive root apex under natural conditions is discussed. 相似文献
16.
黔中喀斯特地区3种林型土壤有机碳含量及垂直分布特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在全球气候变化背景下,森林土壤有机碳库已成为全球碳循环研究的重点之一。研究以黔中喀斯特地区阔叶混交林、针阔混交林和灌木林为对象,分析其土壤及枯落物有机碳含量。结果表明:0-80cm土壤剖面的有机碳含量和碳密度均值表现为阔叶混交林(19.10g/kg,18.62kg/m2)>灌木林(9.21g/kg,9.67kg/m2)>针阔混交林(8.38g/kg,8.60kg/m2),且差异显著(P<0.05),说明同一地区不同林型土壤有机碳的积累和存储不同;3种林型0-20cm土层有机碳含量和碳密度均最大,且与各土层之间差异均显著(P<0.05),并随土层深度的增加而减少,说明森林土壤有机碳含量和密度分布有很强的表聚性,因此,应避免人为活动干扰,增加植被覆盖和减少水土流失;3种林型的土壤有机碳含量与土壤容重呈负相关关系,拟合度(R2)均较大,说明土壤有机碳含量与土壤容重拟合方程均较好;3种林型枯落物现存量和有机碳含量差异均显著(P<0.05),说明同一地区,不同林型的枯落物的积累和分解能力不同。 相似文献
17.
The alkaline persulfate oxidation, converting all N into nitrate, is an easy and rapid method for determining total dissolved nitrogen. We found indications that atmospheric N is trapped during the oxidation step, which can be impeded by: (1) using always the same type of autoclave bottle and a constant sample volume; (2) minimising the remaining headspace in the bottle; (3) closing the bottle caps tightly for autoclavation; and (4) determining blanks for each test series. 相似文献
18.
长期秸秆还田与施氮后土壤活性碳、氮的变化 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
通过长期定位试验,研究了秸秆还田和施氮后小麦生育期内土壤微生物量碳、氮(MBC、MBN)及可溶性有机碳(DOC)的变化,以期为关中麦玉轮作区土壤肥力的提升以及农业的可持续发展提供科学依据。采用裂区设计,主处理为玉米秸秆全量还田(S+N)和秸秆不还田(N),副处理为3个不同施氮水平(0,168,252kg/hm~2)共6个处理。结果表明:土壤MBC从小麦分蘖期至越冬期降低,此后至拔节期升高且达到峰值,拔节期至成熟期降低。各处理土壤DOC从分蘖期至拔节期增加,拔节期达到峰值,此后至成熟期降低;而土壤MBN的动态变化在整个生育期呈现降低的趋势。秸秆还田处理的土壤MBC和DOC显著高于秸秆不还田处理,平均分别提高6.7%和9.3%;秸秆还田后土壤MBN均高于秸秆不还田处理,且在越冬期、拔节期和成熟期达显著水平;各处理的土壤MBC和MBN随着施氮量的增加而显著降低,还田处理的土壤DOC随施氮量的增加而显著增加,平均增加11.8%;而秸秆不还田各处理中土壤DOC含量表现出先增高后降低的趋势。可见,秸秆还田有提高土壤活性有机碳氮的作用,而过量施用氮肥对活性碳氮的提高有抑制作用。因此,关中平原麦玉轮作区实行秸秆还田配合施用适量氮肥是提高土壤肥力水平、实现农业可持续发展的有效措施。 相似文献
19.
Relationships between chemical, physical and microbial properties in the humus layer, soil type and crown condition of Norway spruce (Picea abies) were studied in stands located along the Finnish and Swedish coasts of the Straits of the Gulf of Bothnia. Humus layers of ferric podzols had higher basal respiration (BASAL) than those of carbic podzols and higher substrate-induced respiration (SIR) than those of both carbic podzols and dystric gleysols. BASAL and SIR correlated with environmental factors associated with humus-layer fertility; i.e. they were positively associated with pH and extractable K, Mn and P and negatively associated with organic-matter content of the humus layer. A short lag-time was associated with humus-layer fertility and a long lag-time with crown defoliation. Specific respiration increment was lowest at sites with high field moisture and discoloured crowns. The results suggest that on carbic podzols and dystric gleysols poor nutrient status, acidity and lack of oxygen due to excess moisture in the humus layer result in low microbial activity and poor condition of spruce. Received: 8 November 1996 相似文献
20.
【目的】雷竹(Phyllostachys praecox f. preveynalis)是一种在我国亚热带地区被广泛引种栽培的优良笋用竹。为了提高竹笋产量,农民不合理地大量施用化肥,已造成土壤盐化、酸化,地力破坏,导致土壤磷钾大量残留,特别是氮磷的大量流失已造成了周边水体严重污染。虽然土壤DOC和DON在土壤全碳、全氮含量中所占的比例很小,但却是土壤有机质中最重要和最活跃的部分。因此本研究的目的旨在通过全年动态监测雷竹林渗漏水中溶解性有机碳(DOC)和溶解性有机氮(DON)浓度的变化,探明减量施用化肥和有机肥对减少雷竹林氮渗漏淋失负荷的作用,以便为解决雷竹生产上的面源污染问题提供理论依据。【方法】试验设置了5个处理为对照(CK)、常规施肥(CF)、减量有机肥(DO)、减量无机肥(DI)和减量有机无机肥(DOI),3次重复,随机区组设计,小区面积为100 m2。试验于5月18日、 9月7日、11月9日分别施用肥料总量的40%、30%和30%,施肥后均进行浅翻,深度5 cm左右。【结果】 不同施肥雷竹林中DOC及DON平均浓度为33.7~45.5 mg/L和6.6~12.6 mg/L,DOC和DON的渗漏流失负荷为84.5~138.2 kg/hm2和17.2~46.3 kg/hm2。DOC渗漏流失负荷大小顺序为常规施肥(138.2 kg/hm2)减量有机肥(133.7 kg/hm2)减量无机肥(120.9 kg/hm2)不施肥(99.8 kg/hm2)减量有机无机肥(84.5 kg/hm2),而DON渗漏流失负荷大小顺序为减量有机肥(46.3 kg/hm2)常规施肥(35.3 kg/hm2）减量有机无机肥(34.8 kg/hm2)减量无机肥(31.1 kg/hm2)不施肥(17.2 kg/hm2)。渗漏水中DOC(mg/L)与DON(mg/L)之间不存在显著相关性。【结论】大幅减少化肥和有机肥用量,并推广有机肥和无机肥配施,不仅维持了雷竹竹笋的较高产量,还能减少土壤养分损失,具有经济和环境双重效益,是雷竹合理施肥的发展方向。 相似文献