Effects of colostrum feeding and dexamethasone treatment on mRNA levels of insulin-like growth factors (IGF)-I and -II, IGF binding proteins-2 and -3, and on receptors for growth hormone, IGF-I, IGF-II, and insulin in the gastrointestinal tract of neonatal calves

The somatotropic axis regulates growth of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In addition, colostrum feeding and glucocorticoids affect maturation of the GIT around birth in mammals. We have measured mRNA levels of members of the somatotropic axis to test the hypothesis that colostrum intake and dexamethasone treatment affect respective gene expression in the GIT. Calves were fed either colostrum or an isoenergetic milk-based formula, and in each feeding group, half of the calves were treated with dexamethasone (DEXA; 30 microg/kg body weight per day). Individual parameters of the somatotropic axis differed (P < 0.05) among different GIT sections and formula feeding increased (P < 0.05) mRNA levels of individual parameters at various sites of the GIT. Effects of DEXA on the somatotropic axis in the GIT partly depended on different feeding. In colostrum-fed calves, DEXA decreased (P < 0.05) mRNA levels of IGF-I (esophagus, fundus, duodenum, and ileum), IGF-II (fundus), IGFBP-2 (fundus), IGFBP-3 (fundus), IGF1R (esophagus, ileum, and colon), IGF2R (fundus), GHR (fundus), and InsR (esophagus, fundus), but in formula-fed calves DEXA increased mRNA levels of IGF-I (esophagus, rumen, jejunum, and colon). Furthermore, DEXA increased (P < 0.05) mRNA levels of IGF-II (pylorus), IGFBP-3 (duodenum), IGF2R (pylorus), and GHR (ileum), but decreased mRNA levels of IGFBP-2 (ileum), and IGF1R (fundus). Whereas formula feeding had stimulating effects, effects of DEXA treatment on the gene expression of parameters of the somatotropic axis varied among GIT sites and partly depended on feeding.     

Morphology of the small intestine of weaned piglets and a novel method for morphometric evaluation

The intestinal morphology of 7-week-old pigs was investigated by light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The piglets were fed either a semisynthetic or a cereal-based diet. The shapes of the intestinal villi and crypts of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were examined. The villi were predominantly tongue-shaped. In the duodenum they were also ridged, branched and folded, and in the jejunum they were also leaf-like and ridged. At places with lymph follicles, the surface of the ileum was rugged with meandering fold-like villi. The crypts of the three segments of the small intestine were mainly coiled and sometimes branched. A novel morphometric evaluation method was introduced using the enlargement factors of each villus and crypt surface. The enlargement factor for the villus surface of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum was 3.13, 3.72 and 2.71, respectively. The factor for the crypt surface of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum was 9.07, 8.94 and 6.53, respectively. Furthermore, the relative proliferation rate and the epithelial renewal index were calculated for the first time. The relative proliferation rate of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum was 32.88, 34.78 and 50.77 proliferations per mm crypt perimeter, respectively. The diets consumed had an influence on the epithelial renewal index being higher for piglets fed the cereal-based diets.     

吉林白鹅小肠形态学发育规律

应用组织切片技术对11～53日龄吉林白鹅小肠绒毛高度、绒毛宽度、隐窝深度和肌层厚度进行测定。结果显示,小肠各段绒毛高度及宽度随日龄增加整体上呈增长趋势,空肠绒毛最长,回肠绒毛高度、宽度在39日龄达到峰值,早于空肠和十二指肠。回肠隐窝深度11～53日龄随日龄增加而增加,十二指肠和空肠隐窝深度在39日龄达到峰值,39～53日龄变浅。小肠各段肌层厚度与日龄呈正相关,回肠的肌层厚度在46日龄达到高峰,十二指肠和空肠的肌层厚度在53日龄达到高峰。小肠各段绒毛高度/隐窝深度的比值随日龄增加而增加,53日龄时空肠的绒毛高度/隐窝深度的比值最高。     

The influence of polyphenol rich apple pomace or red-wine pomace diet on the gut morphology in weaning piglets

Alternative food ingredients, e.g. secondary plant compounds, are discussed to have beneficial effects and improve gut health. In this study, the effect of three different diets - normal piglets starter without additives, with apple pomace or with red-wine pomace - on the intestinal morphology was investigated from 3 days prior to weaning to 4 weeks post-weaning. At five time points, six piglets from each treatment group were slaughtered; at first time point only six animals from control group were slaughtered. Villus height, crypt depth and breadth of villi and crypts were determined in the jejunum, ileum and colon in 78 piglets. Additionally, the area of the Peyer's patches in the ileum was measured. In jejunum (p < 0.01) and ileum (p < 0.001) the villus length in the control group decreased after weaning but increased over the entire feeding experiment (p < 0.001). In the two-pomace groups, no decrease was measured after weaning. In jejunum, an increase in villi breadth occurred, 73% in the control group and approximately 10% in both treatment groups. A 35% increase was found in the ileum in all groups. Peyer's patches area increased approximately 21% in the control group over 26 days of treatment, whereas in other groups no significant differences were found. Different polyphenol rich pomaces have diverse effects in the gastrointestinal tract. Red-wine pomace has an inhibitory effect on the jejunum villi growth, whereas apple and red-wine pomace have stimulating effect on crypt size in piglet colon. Apple and red-wine pomace can reduce the GALT activation via the Peyer's patches in the ileum. In conclusion, the flavanoids rich feeding regimen showed positive effects on villi morphology, GALT activation and can improve pig health.     

Effect of prebiotic or probiotic supplementation and ileo rectal anastomosis on intestinal morphology of weaned piglets

Forty eight 21 days old piglets were used to compare the effect of prebiotic or probiotic supplementation and ileo rectal anastomosis on the morphology of the small intestine. Half of the piglets were maintained intact and the other half was subjected to an ileo rectal anastomosis (IRA). Each group of piglets received one of the following diets: 1) basal diet (C), 2) basal diet supplemented with a Xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS), 3) basal diet supplemented with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) and 4) basal diet supplemented with XOS and SC. Villus height was greatest with XOS and with XOS + SC, only in the ileum, as compared to controls. In the duodenum, crypt width was highest in the control group, but no significant differences were found in the jejunum and ileum. The IRA piglets had longer villi in the jejunum and shorter villi in the ileum. The crypt depth was greater in the duodenum and in the ileum of IRA piglets. Villus height/crypt depth was lower in the duodenum and in the ileum, in the IRA piglets. In conclusion, the XOS, but not the SC, moderately modified the intestinal morphology. The IRA modified the intestinal villus and crypt architecture but its consequence on the absorption of nutrients needs to be investigated.     

葛根素对饲喂氧化大豆油肉鸡小肠黏膜屏障功能及抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究葛根素对饲喂氧化大豆油饲粮黄羽肉鸡小肠黏膜形态结构、紧密连接蛋白基因表达及抗氧化能力的影响。试验采用2×2因子设计,因子包括油脂质量（新鲜大豆油和氧化大豆油）和葛根素添加水平（0、750 mg·kg^-1）。选取健康1日龄雌性黄羽肉鸡360只,随机分成4个处理组,分别为新鲜大豆油饲粮组、新鲜大豆油+葛根素（750 mg·kg^-1）饲粮组、氧化大豆油饲粮组和氧化大豆油+葛根素（750 mg·kg^-1）饲粮组,每组6个重复,每个重复15羽。在28和56日龄时,每个重复随机选取1只鸡,取十二指肠、空肠、回肠检测小肠形态结构和测定小肠黏膜紧密连接蛋白基因表达及抗氧化指标。结果表明：1）饲喂氧化大豆油显著降低28日龄肉鸡十二指肠的绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度（V/C）、回肠V/C和claudin-1 mRNA表达量以及56日龄肉鸡3个肠段的绒毛高度及V/C （P<0.05）,显著升高56日龄3个肠段的隐窝深度（P<0.05）。饲粮中添加葛根素显著提高28日龄肉鸡空肠绒毛高度和V/C、回肠闭合小环蛋白1（ZO-1） mRNA表达量和56日龄肉鸡十二指肠V/C、空肠和回肠的绒毛高度及V/C （P<0.05）,显著降低3个肠段的隐窝深度（P<0.05）。2）饲喂氧化大豆油显著升高28日龄十二指肠还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量和空肠还原型谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性（P<0.05）,并显著降低28日龄回肠GSH含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）（P<0.05）。饲粮中添加葛根素显著提高28日龄肉鸡十二指肠GSH-Px活性（P<0.05）。饲喂氧化大豆油显著降低56日龄回肠SOD活性和T-AOC （P<0.05）,饲粮中添加葛根素显著提高56日龄肉鸡十二指肠SOD和回肠SOD、GSH-Px活性（P<0.05）,显著降低56日龄肉鸡空肠GSH含量、SOD活性、T-AOC和回肠T-AOC （P<0.05）。综上所述,饲喂氧化大豆油破坏肠道黏膜形态结构、降低紧密连接蛋白基因的表达量和抗氧化能力,添加葛根素可提高肉鸡小肠黏膜紧密连接蛋白基因的表达量,改善氧化损伤条件下肠道黏膜形态结构,提高抗氧化酶的活性而提高其抗氧化能力。     

Effects of Recombinant E. coli Expressing Heat-stable Enterotoxin on Intestinal Morphology and Antioxidant Capacity in Seven Days old Piglets

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of recombinant E.coli expressing heat-stable enterotoxin(STa) on intestinal absorption and barrier function, intestinal morphology and antioxidant capacity of 7 days old piglets. Twenty-four 7 days old piglets were allotted to four treatments:control group (artificial milk), STa group (artificial milk +2×10⁹ CFU E.coli LMG194-pBAD-STa), LMG194 group (artificial milk +2×10⁹ CFU E.coli LMG194), and K88 group (artificial milk +2×10⁹ CFU E.coli K88).The pigs were treated with E.coli on the 5th day and slaughtered on the 7th day. The results showed that, compared with the control group, villus height in jejunum, ileum and duodenum, crypt depth and villus height/crypt depth in duodenum, and small intestine villi surface area were significantly decreased in STa group (P<0.05). The activities of catalase (CAT) in ileum and colon, total nitric oxide synthase (TNOS) in serum, ileum, jejunum and colon, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in colon were significantly decreased in STa group (P<0.05). STa group also had a higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in serum (P<0.05). These results suggested that recombinant E.coli expressing STa could lead to intestinal injury and oxidative stress of 7 days old piglets.     

表达耐热肠毒素的重组大肠杆菌对7日龄仔猪肠道形态结构及抗氧化功能的影响

试验旨在研究表达耐热肠毒素（STa）的重组大肠杆菌对7日龄仔猪肠道形态结构及抗氧化功能的影响。选取24头7日龄仔猪,随机分在4个日粮处理组,分别为对照组（人工乳）,STa组（人工乳+2×10⁹ CFU重组菌LMG194-pBAD-STa）,LMG194组（人工乳+2×10⁹ CFU大肠杆菌LMG194）,K88组（人工乳+2×10⁹ CFU大肠杆菌K88）。试验第5天进行攻毒,第7天屠宰取样,测量小肠黏膜的绒毛高度和隐窝深度,检测空肠、回肠、结肠及血清中的过氧化氢酶（CAT）、总一氧化氮合成酶（TNOS）与诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）的活力及血清中丙二醛（MDA）与过氧化氢（H₂O₂）的含量。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,STa组仔猪各肠段绒毛高度均显著降低（P<0.05）,十二指肠隐窝深度及绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值显著降低（P<0.05）,十二指肠、空肠、回肠绒毛表面积显著降低（P<0.05）;同时,STa组回肠、结肠CAT活力显著降低,血清、空肠、回肠和结肠中的TNOS活力显著降低（P<0.05）,STa组结肠iNOS活力显著降低（P<0.05）,STa组血清中的MDA与H₂O₂含量显著提高（P<0.05）。结果显示,表达STa的重组大肠杆菌可导致7日龄仔猪肠道结构损伤和抗氧化能力下降。     

幼龄仔猪PEDV感染肠道损伤模型的建立

试验旨在建立猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）感染幼龄仔猪肠道损伤模型。试验选用16头7日龄健康幼龄仔猪（杜×长×大）,随机分为两个处理组：对照组和PEDV组,每个处理8个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验期为10 d,试验期间两个处理组饲喂相同的基础日粮。于试验第7天晚上对PEDV组仔猪口腔灌服PEDV病毒（剂量为10^4.5 TCID₅₀）,对照组灌服等量的生理盐水。于试验第10天早上空腹灌服D-木糖（0.1 g/kg体重）,1 h后前腔静脉采血,屠宰取样,取十二指肠、空肠、回肠等组织样品,测定平均日增重（ADG）、腹泻率（DR）、肠道形态结构、肠道黏膜损伤相关基因mRNA水平。试验结果表明：①PEDV感染显著降低了仔猪ADG（P<0.05）,极显著提高了仔猪腹泻率（P<0.01）;②PEDV感染极显著降低了血浆D-木糖含量、空肠和回肠绒毛高度、十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值（P<0.01）,显著提高了十二指肠和空肠隐窝深度（P<0.05）;③PEDV感染极显著提高了仔猪空肠黏膜PEDV M基因的相对表达量（P<0.01）,极显著降低了肠绒毛蛋白（villin）和肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白（i-FABP）基因的相对表达量（P<0.01）。以上结果表明,口腔灌服PEDV可以成功诱导建立幼龄仔猪肠道损伤模型。     

丁酸钠对断奶羔羊胃肠道发育的影响

本试验旨在研究丁酸钠对断奶羔羊胃肠道发育的影响。选取24只42日龄的断奶羔羊,随机分成4组,每组6个重复。空白对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加250 mg/kg黄霉素的饲粮,丁酸钠A组和丁酸钠B组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加2和3 g/kg包膜丁酸钠的饲粮。各组分别在试验第14天、第28天选取3只羔羊屠宰取样。结果表明:试验第14天时,各组断奶羔羊的瘤胃相对质量和相对容积以及各胃肠道形态指标均无显著差异(P>0.05);试验第28天时,与空白对照组相比,丁酸钠B组瘤胃背囊的肌层厚度,瘤胃腹囊的肌层厚度、乳头高度,十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛高度,空肠绒毛表面积以及空肠和回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著增加(P<0.05)。由此可见,在饲粮中添加3 g/kg包膜丁酸钠并持续饲喂28 d可以促进断奶羔羊瘤胃乳头和肌层以及肠道绒毛的生长,增加肠道绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值,有利于胃肠道的发育。     

Bovine colostrum enriched with lyophilized bovine colostrum stimulates intestinal epithelium renewal of Holstein calves in the first days of life

Consumption of a second meal of colostrum with high quality could contribute to the intestinal epithelium development, especially if there is poor supply of colostrum just after birth. The effect of a second colostrum meal was evaluated on histomorphometry of the intestinal mucosa of newborn Holstein calves fed with high‐ and low‐quality first colostrum. Seventy‐two calves were fed with a first colostrum meal with high (HFM, close to 100 mg/ml) or low (LFM, close to 30 mg/ml) IgG concentration. At 12 hr of life, three treatments of second colostrum feeding were applied to the calves either fed high or low first colostrum: calves fed with low (LOW—close to 30 mg/ml) or high (HIGH—close to 100 mg/ml) IgG concentration; and colostrum enriched with lyophilized bovine colostrum with high IgG concentration (ENRICHED—higher than 120 mg/ml), resulting in six groups. Intestinal samples were collected after 24 and 72 hr of life. In the distal jejunum and ileum, LOW showed higher villus height than ENRICHED (p < .05). In the distal jejunum, greater villus perimeter was observed in the LOW compared to ENRICHED at 24 hr (p < .05). In ileum, LFM showed higher villus perimeter compared to HFM (p < .05). LOW showed the highest villus height‐to‐crypt depth ratio in the medium and distal jejunum and ileum, p < .05. ENRICHED and HFM showed decreased muscle layer thickness in the proximal and distal jejunum respectively (p < .05). The results reveal that the high concentration of total solids, crude protein, IgG and IGF‐I of colostrum with high quality worsened the absorptive area, but may have stimulated the activity of cell division in intestinal crypts. Considering the present results, bovine colostrum enriched with lyophilized bovine colostrum stimulates intestinal epithelium renewal of Holstein calves in the first days of life.     

敌草快和硫辛酸对育肥猪肠道结构及消化功能的影响

本文旨在研究敌草快和硫辛酸(LA)对育肥猪肠道结构及消化功能的影响,以探究LA对敌草快引起的应激是否有缓解作用。选取24头(70.64±3.61)kg的健康大白阉公猪,按照2×2因子设计,随机分为对照组、LA组、敌草快组和LA+敌草快组,每个组设6个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验期29 d。LA添加剂量为800 mg/kg饲粮,饲喂贯穿试验全程,而一次性腹腔滴注敌草快于试验第15天进行,无腹腔滴注敌草快试验猪滴注等量的生理盐水。于试验第29天对所有试验猪前腔静脉采血后屠宰取样,运用试剂盒检测血浆和肠道氧化损伤标志物的含量以及空肠食糜消化酶的活性,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色后运用图像分析软件观察肠道形态结构并测定绒毛高度、隐窝深度,并计算绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C),荧光定量PCR法检测闭合蛋白(occludin)和紧密结合蛋白(ZO-1)的相对表达量。结果表明:1)敌草快极显著升高了试验猪血浆和肠道丙二醛(MDA)、蛋白质羰基(PCO)和8-羟基鸟苷(8-OHd G)的含量(P0.01),极显著降低了十二指肠、空肠及回肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度(P0.01),极显著增大了十二指肠和空肠V/C(P0.01),显著增大了回肠V/C(P0.05),极显著降低了空肠occludin和ZO-1 m RNA相对表达量(P0.01),极显著降低了空肠食糜中淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶以及脂肪酶的活性(P0.01)。2)饲粮中添加LA对试验猪血浆和肠道MDA、PCO和8-OHd G含量的影响均不显著(P0.05),对十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛高度、隐窝深度以及V/C的影响均不显著(P0.05),对空肠occludin和ZO-1 m RNA相对表达量的影响也不显著(P0.05),对空肠食糜中淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶以及脂肪酶活性的影响差异也均不显著(P0.05)。3)在应激状态下,饲粮中添加LA使猪血浆8-OHd G含量显著降低(P0.05),十二指肠绒毛高度、空肠绒毛高度以及回肠隐窝深度显著升高(P0.05),空肠V/C显著降低(P0.05),回肠V/C极显著降低(P0.01),空肠occludin和ZO-1 m RNA相对表达量显著升高(P0.05),空肠食糜淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶的活性显著提升(P0.05)。由此可见,敌草快引起了育肥猪强烈的氧化应激,导致了肠道结构的严重损伤并减弱了肠道的消化功能;在敌草快引起的应激状态下,饲粮中添加800 mg/kg LA能够减缓肠道结构的损伤并能一定程度地提高肠道的消化功能。     

包膜丁酸钠对脂多糖刺激下断奶羔羊血清炎性细胞因子、肠道通透性及肠道组织形态的影响

本试验旨在研究包膜丁酸钠(CSB)对脂多糖(LPS)刺激下断奶羔羊血清炎性细胞因子、肠道通透性及肠道组织形态的影响。试验选取(42±1)日龄、平均体重为(11.79±0.54)kg的断奶羔羊24只,按体重相近原则随机分为4组:空白组(CON组)、LPS组、CSB2L组、CSB3L组,其中CON和LPS组饲喂基础饲粮,CSB2L和CSB3L组在基础饲粮中分别添加2和3 g/kg CSB,每组6个重复,每个重复1只羊。在试验第28天每组选取3只羔羊进行屠宰,LPS、CSB2L和CSB3L组在屠宰前3 h腹腔注射100μg/kg BW LPS,CON组腹腔注射等量无菌生理盐水。结果表明:1)与CON组相比,饲粮中添加CSB可显著提高断奶羔羊的平均日采食量(ADFI)(P<0.05),CSB3L组的平均日增重(ADG)显著高于CON和LPS组(P<0.05)。2)与CON组相比,LPS组断奶羔羊血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和白细胞介素-8(IL-8)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。CSB2L和CSB3L组血清TNF-α和IL-1β含量均低于LPS组(P<0.05),血清TNF-α含量显著高于CON组(P<0.05)。CSB3L组血清IL-8含量显著低于LPS组(P<0.05)。CSB2L和CSB3L组血清白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量显著高于LPS组(P<0.05)。3)断奶羔羊血清中D-乳酸(DLA)含量和二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性在LPS刺激下显著升高(P<0.05)。CSB2L和CSB3L组可显著降低LPS注射后的血清DLA含量和DAO活性(P<0.05)。4)CON组肠黏膜形态结构完整且绒毛排列整齐。注射LPS后,空肠和回肠绒毛排列紊乱,高矮不一,绒毛肿胀脱落。CSB2L和CSB3L组空肠和回肠绒毛形态较完整且排列整齐,肿胀程度降低,上皮轻度脱落。LPS组盲肠部分肠绒毛上皮脱落,腺体排列紊乱,结肠绒毛略微脱落。CSB2L组盲肠和结肠有轻微水肿,CSB3L组盲肠和结肠绒毛上皮未见明显脱落和水肿。LPS刺激显著降低了空肠和回肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度(P<0.05)。CSB2L和CSB3L组空肠和回肠绒毛高度降低和绒毛高度/隐窝深度降低均得到缓解。CSB2L和CSB3L组十二指肠绒毛高度显著高于CON和LPS组(P<0.05),CSB3L组回肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著高于CON组(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加CSB可以提高断奶羔羊的生长性能并能缓解LPS刺激引起的断奶羔羊应激,抑制血清促炎性细胞因子水平升高和肠道通透性增加,从而在一定程度上改善肠道组织形态,维护肠道健康。     

2种植物提取物复合物对断奶仔猪生长性能以及肠道形态结构、免疫功能和胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ含量的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加2种植物提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道免疫功能、肠道形态结构和胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF?Ⅰ)含量的影响.选取胎次相近(3～6胎次)、25日龄断奶的"大白×长白"二元仔猪120头,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加100 mg/kg杆菌肽锌...     

Effect of segregated early weaning on postweaning small intestinal development in pigs

The effect of segregated early weaning (SEW) on postweaning small intestinal development was investigated in SEW and control (CON) pigs. Small intestines were collected from a total of 15 pigs killed at 11 (preweaning), 15 (3 d postweaning), and 34 d of age. At 3 d postweaning, the SEW and CON pigs had shorter villi (P<.01), deeper crypts (P<.01), and reduced (P<.01) ratios of villus height:crypt depth (V:C) compared with preweaning. Weaning also reduced specific activities of lactase (P<.01) in duodenum and ileum and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P<.05) in duodenum and jejunum. Sucrase activity in the three regions of the small intestine marginally decreased in both groups at 3 d postweaning. The mucosal protein:DNA ratio in duodenum and jejunum increased (P<.05) in SEW and CON pigs at 3 d postweaning compared with preweaning pigs. The SEW and CON treatments resulted in differences in postweaning gut development. At 15 d of age in SEW pigs, the mucosal protein:DNA ratio in duodenum and jejunum were 20 and 25.5% (P<.05) less, respectively, than those in CON pigs. However, at 34 d, these ratios in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were 43.5 (P<.05), 24.3, and 32.9% (P<.05) greater, respectively, in SEW pigs than in CON pigs. Longer villi, shorter crypts (P<.01), and higher V:C ratios (P<.01) in jejunum and ileum were observed in SEW pigs vs CON pigs at 34 d of age. The specific activities of lactase in duodenum (P<.01) and jejunum (P<.05) and of ALP in duodenum (P<.01) were higher in SEW pigs. Sucrase activity in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum was 21.7, 46.3 (P<.05), and 11.2% greater in SEW pigs at 34 d of age. These results demonstrate differences in postweaning gut development between SEW and CON pigs. Furthermore, the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes in jejunum was greater (P<.001) in 34-d-old SEW pigs compared with CON pigs. Microscopy revealed a thick mucus coating over epithelial cells in the ileum of 34-d-old CON pigs that was not apparent in the SEW pigs. These observations are consistent with reduced pathogen exposure associated with SEW. We suggest that segregated early weaning advances postweaning gut maturation, which is consistent with improved growth and feed efficiency observed in SEW pigs.     

A comparison of the effects of dietary spray-dried bovine colostrum and animal plasma on growth and intestinal histology in weaner pigs

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary spray-dried bovine and porcine plasma and spray-dried bovine colostrum on growth performance and intestinal histology in weaner pigs. Thirty-two 21-day-old piglets (6.65 ± 0.14 kg) were allocated to receive one of four dietary treatments: control, bovine plasma, porcine plasma, and bovine colostrum at weaning and another 8 piglets were killed at weaning to provide baseline data. The experimental diets were offered ad libitum for one week, after which animals were killed and post-mortem measurements obtained. No differences in average daily feed intake and growth rate were observed among dietary treatment groups (P > 0.05). Baseline piglets had taller villi and shallower crypts (P < 0.05) in the proximal jejunum, mid jejunum and distal ileum than those observed a week after weaning, irrespective of dietary treatment. Weaning-related expansion of intestinal lamina propria CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte populations was observed (P < 0.05). Complex and variable treatment effects on villus height, crypt depth, villus and crypt goblet cell density, and lamina propria T cell density were observed, suggesting that the tested protein sources do not share a common or simple mode of action.     

宫内发育迟缓仔猪小肠形态和屏障功能相关基因的表达特征

为了研究宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)仔猪小肠形态和屏障功能相关基因的表达特征,选取24窝"长白×大白"杂交新生仔猪,每窝选取1头IUGR仔猪和1头正常出生体重(NBW)仔猪,分别于7、21和28日龄屠宰8头IUGR仔猪和8头NBW仔猪,采集小肠样品进行分析.结果表明:1)与NBW仔猪相比,IUGR仔猪7日龄时空肠绒毛高度、...