Infectious diseases of dogs and cats on Isabela Island, Galapagos

BACKGROUND: Vaccination and importation of dogs and cats are prohibited in the Galapagos, resulting in a uniquely isolated population. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of infectious diseases of dogs and cats that impact their health, could spill over to native wildlife, or sentinel diseases of concern to humans. HYPOTHESIS: The isolation of dogs and cats in the Galapagos protects them from diseases common in mainland populations. ANIMALS: Ninety-five dogs and 52 cats presented during a neutering campaign. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was performed. Blood was collected for serological and DNA evaluation of a panel of infectious diseases. RESULTS: Antibodies against parvovirus (100%), parainfluenza virus (100%), adenovirus 1/2 (66-67%), and distemper virus (22%) were present in dogs. Dirofilaria immitis was also common in dogs (34%), with lower prevalences of Wolbachia pipiens (22%), Bartonella sp. (13%), Ehrlichia/Anaplasma spp. (1%), and Mycoplasma haemocanis (1%) observed. Antibodies against panleukopenia virus (67%), Toxoplasma gondii (63%), calicivirus (44%), and herpesvirus 1 (10%) were detected in cats. Feline leukemia virus antigen, feline immunodeficiency virus antibody, or coronavirus antibodies were not detected. Bartonella sp. (44%) infections were common in cats, but only one was infected with M. haemofelis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Despite their relative seclusion from the rest of the world, cats and dogs of Isabela were exposed to many pathogens found in mainland South America. Parasite prophylaxis, neutering, and strict enforcement of animal movement restrictions would control a majority of the diseases. In the absence of vaccination, a reservoir of susceptible animals remains vulnerable to new disease introductions.     

兔出血症病毒分子生物学研究进展

兔出血症是由兔出血症病毒引起的一种急性、高度致死性传染病，病死率可高达100％，给养兔业带来了巨大的经济损失。近年来，随着对其研究的不断深入，在病毒分子生物学方面取得了很大的进展。文章主要从基因组结构及功能、编码的结构蛋白与非结构蛋白、基因疫苗等方面系统阐述了兔出血症病毒分子生物学方面的研究进展，同时，提出了存在的问题和展望。为进一步研制兔出血症病毒基因工程疫苗及诊断试剂提供理论基础，以期能更有效地防治此病。     

兔病毒性出血症病毒 VP60蛋白基因研究进展

兔病毒性出血症病毒（RHDV）是引起兔病毒性出血症（RHD）的病原,严重威胁着世界养兔业的健康发展。在RHDV的感染和免疫研究方面,RHDV 的衣壳蛋白VP60作为具有重要免疫原性的主要结构蛋白备受关注,论文对V P60蛋白基因的结构特征、核苷酸变异情况及在诊断方法建立和疫苗预防研究等方面进行了综述,为RHDV防控相关研究提供有用的参考资料。     

用酶联免疫吸附法检测细胞培养物中兔出血症病毒

用本实验室提纯的兔出血症病毒抗体（IgG）,采用改良过碘酸钠（NaIO4）交联法,将辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）标记在抗体上,以4×10聚苯乙烯微量酶标板作为载体,用酶联免疫吸附法双抗体夹心法检测了兔肾上皮细胞（RK）培养的RHDV16代、18代细胞毒和羊睾丸细胞（ST）培养的RHDV19代、24代、26代细胞毒,均呈特异性阳性反应,P/N值〉2．1,正常细胞培养物标本为阴性结果,P／N值〈2．1,试验结果与免疫荧光试验相吻合。     

兔病毒性出血症病毒“LQ”株的分离鉴定

对成都龙泉某兔场疑似兔病毒性出血症(RHD)发病兔的病料进行细菌学检查以及血凝性、特异性鉴定,并进一步进行致病性鉴定。结果表明:RHDV LQ株对人"O"型红细胞具有高度血凝性,血凝效价达10×212;RHDV抗血清可特异性抑制RHDV LQ株对人"O"型红细胞的凝集;RHDV LQ株对家兔的LD50为10-6.87/mL,是一株对家兔具有高致病力的强毒株。     

兔出血症病毒VP60蛋白真核表达及其免疫原性研究

将兔出血症病毒(Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus,RHDV)衣壳蛋白VP60基因,克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)中,构建pcDNA-VP60,并将其转染Vero细胞.间接免疫荧光(indirect immunofluorescence assay,IFA)检测pcDNA-VP60在细胞中的表达情况,同时将pcDNA-VP60免疫实验兔,观察血清中特异性抗体变化情况.试验结果表明,本文构建的pcDNA-VP60不仅能在Vero细胞中表达VP60蛋白,而且能够诱导机体产生免疫应答.     

用免疫荧光技术检测细胞培养物中兔出血症病毒

用本所实验室制备的兔出血症病毒（rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus，RHDV）高免血清．按常规方法提纯出抗体（IgG），用异硫氰酸荧光素（FITC）标记IgG。在细胞培养时，培养瓶中放入玻片，当细胞长成单层时，按常规方法接种病毒液，培养24、48、96、120h时取出玻片，用荧光抗体染色，在荧光显微镜下观察不同代次的细胞毒。经观察：兔肾上皮细胞（RK）毒培养到36～48h、羊睾丸细胞（ST）毒培养到72～96h时可观察到特异性荧光，随着培养时间的延长，荧光亮度增强，胞浆内充满特异性荧光。用肝组织强毒病料触片，呈特异性荧光，对照细胞培养48h无荧光出现。证实了两株细胞培养物中有大量的兔出血症病毒存在，从而成功的分离培养出了兔出血症病毒细胞毒。