Expression Pattern of Markers in the Canine Ovarian Cycle

Although hormonal changes during different phases of the oestrous cycle of bitches are well-described, knowledge about the luteal phase and anoestrus is incomplete. Furthermore, which paracrine and autocrine critical factors that differentiate between follicles destined for atresia and those that continue to develop are unknown. In this study, ovarian tissue was collected from 39 healthy bitches that were subject to ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy for surgical neutering or medical purposes such as unwanted pregnancy. Bitches were allocated to different groups depending on the stage of the oestrous cycle. Serum progesterone, LH, FSH and 17β-estradiol (E₂) -levels were determined and immunhistochemistry was performed for a variety of receptor antigens; Ki-67, vimentin, pan cytokeratin antibody, p53 and oestrogen receptor (ER) α antigens. Marked differences were found in progesterone concentration between pregnant and non-pregnant animals. Oestrogen concentration was significantly lower in pro-oestrus and ovulation than during the luteal phase. Although progesterone could be detected in cytoplasm of ovarian cells at each stage, its presence was restricted to follicular cells during anoestrus. A strong presence of AE1/AE3, vimentin and p53 was found in each oestrous stage, in contrast with Ki67. The localization of ERα appeared to vary during the oestrous cycle, a phenomenon that suggests a switch between target cells of oestrogen; while as a proliferation marker, the mild reaction of p53 during parturition suggests an apoptotic process at this stage of the cycle.     

A Histopathological Study of Canine and Feline Ovarian Dysgerminomas

Clinical and pathological features of ovarian dysgerminomas occurring in two dogs and a cat are presented. The feline neoplasm had morphological characteristics closely resembling those of dysgerminomas in women. The feline and one canine neoplasm occurred in young animals as compared to other reported animal dysgerminomas. Findings are discussed in relation to other reports of these tumors in animals and in women.     

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Normal Canine Larynx

The purpose of this study was to define the normal anatomic structures in the canine larynx with magnetic resonance images. TI-weighted images were taken in the sagittal and transverse planes. The MR images were obtained comparing MR images to dissection planes. Magnetic resonance imaging provides excellent anatomic detail of laryngeal structures. Therefore, it is of value for diagnostic imaging of some respiratory diseases in the dog.     

Alpha-Inhibin Expression in Canine Ovarian Neoplasms: Preliminary Results

Veterinary Research Communications -     

Thrombokinetic Studies in Normal and Factor VIII-deficient Canine Plasmas

Thrombokinetograms are graphic depictions of the optical changes occurring in plasma during the clotting process and provide information, not only on the time required for clotting to begin, but also on the way in which the clot forms. We studied thrombokinetic profiles in plasmas from normal dogs, and dogs with varying degrees of factor VIII deficiency. Clotting was induced through intrinsic, extrinsic and common coagulation pathways [activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time and thrombin time, respectively].

The thrombokinetograms for the various clotting tests were qualitatively similar in normal canine plasmas. After activation of the clotting system there was a period in which no change in optical density occurred. This period was represented by the left base line and corresponded to the duration of the clotting time. When fibrin production commenced there was a rapid increase in the rate of optical density change (ΔOD) to a maximum (V_maxΔOD) in time t₁. This was followed by a more gradual reduction in ΔOD in time t₂.

The activated partial thromboplastin time thrombokinetograms for von Willebrand's disease plasmas were characterized by a reduced V_maxΔOD and prolonged t₁. In severe hemophilic plasma [factor VIII coagulant (F VIII:C)<1% of normal] there was a very slow increase in ΔOD following a prolonged left baseline. The V_maxΔOD, t₁ and t₂ could not be determined since a peak was not attained in one minute. The prothrombin and thrombin time thrombokinetograms for von Willebrand's disease plasmas were normal. The prothrombin time thrombokinetogram for hemophilic plasma had a 2X normal V_maxΔOD possibly related to the relatively high fibrinogen concentration of this plasma compared to the normal.

Changes in thrombokinetogram profiles may be of value in studying mild to moderate clotting factor deficiencies particularly where the clotting times are not markedly prolonged.

     

犬瘟热的诊断与防治

1概述犬瘟热,俗称狗瘟,英文名称为Canine distemper(CD),是一种主要危害幼犬的严重犬类疾病。最早发现于18世纪后叶。其病原体是犬瘟热病毒,属副粘病毒科麻疹病毒属,直径为150～250nm,核衣壳呈螺旋     

Normal Phagocytic Capacity of Macrophages Isolated from Different Canine Organs

Conventional methods used in laboratory animals for collection of resident macrophages (MAC) proved suitable for isolation of hepatic, splenic, dermic, peritoneal and alveolar MAC of healthy dogs. Phagocytic assays of IgG opsonised SRBC were performed with resident MAC obtained from these organs. Results showed the existence of statistically significant differences among phagocytic capacity of the investigated MAC. According to this, three groups of MAC could be defined: a first group comprising dermic, splenic and alveolar MAC; a second group comprising hepatic MAC and a third group comprising peritoneal MAC.     

The Effect of Intercondylar Notchplasty on the Normal Canine Stifle

This study evaluated the effect of notchplasty (enlargement of the intercondylar fossa) in stable and unstable canine stifles. Bilateral notchplasty and unilateral cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) transection were performed in 6 dogs. Exercise, consisting of walking 1.5 miles three times a week, began 1 month after surgery and continued until euthanasia 6 months after surgery. Evaluation methods included orthopedic examination, serial radiographs, thin section radiography, histopathology, and gross pathology. Notchplasty in the stable stifle did not cause lameness beyond 3 weeks, joint instability, or degenerative joint disease. In the stable stifle, smooth resurfacing of the notchplasty site with fibrous and osseous tissue occurred. Stifles with notchplasty and CrCL transection exhibited persistent lameness, instability, and degenerative joint disease. In CrCL deficient stifles osteophytes formed within the notchplasty site, resulting in a rough surface. Our observations indicated significant refilling in notchplasties of both stable and unstable stifles ( P <.05). However, the intercondylar fossa (ICF) width 6 months after notchplasty was significantly smaller in unstable stifles compared with stable stifles ( P <.05) indicating that greater refilling of the notchplasties occurred in the unstable stifles. In clinical cases, notchplasty should be larger than the desired final result to accomodate the partial refilling that occurs even in stable stifles.     

Dual-phase CT Angiography of the Normal Canine Portal and Hepatic Vasculature

A dual-phase computed tomography (CT) angiographic technique was developed to image the hepatic and portal vascular systems using a nonselective peripheral injection of contrast medium. The arterial phase of the dual-phase scan imaged the hepatic arteries and veins, and the portal phase imaged the portal vein as well as its tributaries and branches. There were three steps involved in acquiring the dual-phase scan: a survey helical scan for orientation, a dynamic scan for timing, and finally the dual-phase helical scan. Five normal dogs were imaged using a helical scan technique. The timing of the arterial and portal phases of the scan was calculated using time vs. attenuation graphs generated from a dynamic scan. The median time of appearance of contrast medium in the cranial abdominal aorta was 8.6 s and the median time of appearance of contrast medium in the hepatic artery occurred 0.4 s later. The median time of peak enhancement in the cranial abdominal aorta was 12.0 s. The median time of appearance of contrast medium in the portal vein was 14.6 s and median time of peak enhancement was 33.0 s. The dual-phase scans provided excellent vascular opacification. The hepatic arteries, hepatic veins, cranial and caudal mesenteric veins, splenic vein, gastroduodenal vein, and portal vein branches were all consistently well defined. Dual-phase CT angiography is a minimally invasive technique which provides an excellent three-dimensional representation of portal and hepatic vascular anatomy.     

犬传染性肝炎诊断与防治

1概述犬传染性肝炎最早于1947年由Rubarth氏发现,所以也叫rubarth氏病,是由犬I型腺病毒引起的犬的一种急性高度接触传染性败血性的传染病,以循环障碍、肝小叶中心坏死以及肝实质和内皮细胞出现     

Evaluation In Vitro of Canine Neutrophil Function

Polymorphonuclear granulocyte (PMN) phagocytosis may be affected by many pathological changes. A panel of tests requiring relatively small volumes of blood was applied to 16 healthy dogs in order to obtain normal values and to standardize techniques. PMNs were isolated by discontinuous Percoll gradients; chemotaxis was tested in a modified Boyden chamber using the leading front method; fluorescinated yeast uptake was evaluated on a slide and superoxide (SO) production and adherence was carried out on a microtitre plate. The different aspects of phagocytosis showed no correlation with one another. Better results were obtained using a 60 min incubation period using interleukin-8 (25 ng/mL) as an activator for chemotaxis, and incubating plates for 30 min with phorbol myristate acetate (10(-6)mol/L) to assess SO production.     

包涵体肝炎对蛋鸡免疫及生殖影响的内分泌机制

为探明包涵体肝炎引起蛋鸡免疫抑制和生殖系统发育障碍的内分泌机制 ,给 60日龄青年蛋鸡口服感染包涵体肝炎 型腺病毒建立鸡包涵体肝炎模型 ,定期跖静脉采血 ,测定血清中甲状腺激素 ( T3、T4)、皮质醇和雌二醇水平。结果显示 ,感染鸡血清 T4水平极显著降低 ,T3呈升高趋势 ,血清皮质醇水平极显著升高 ,雌二醇水平于感染后 1周呈一过性升高 ,之后极显著降低     

动物卵巢血管周期性变化及其与卵巢功能关系

血管新生是哺乳动物在出生后发生于周期性生理变化的器官中的特殊生理机制,卵巢作为具有明显周期性变化特征的器官,其上卵泡发育与闭锁、黄体的形成与退化均具有明显的血管周期性变化特点。在卵巢的周期性血管变化过程中,血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和血管紧张素(Ang)起着重要的调控作用,其表达的时空特性与血管的周期性变化是密切相连的。     

羊胎盘肽对犬免疫功能的影响

将24只幼犬随机分成4组，1个对照组（n=6），3个试验组（n=6)，连续灌服羊胎盘肽10 d，前后各1 d各采血样1次，测定白细胞数、ANAE+淋巴细胞百分率、血清球蛋白含量及溶菌酶活性。结果表明连续给药10 d后幼犬血液白细胞总数、ANAE+淋巴细胞百分率、血清球蛋白含量、血清中溶菌酶活性与给药前相比均明显增加，并且中、高剂量组与用药前相比差异显著或极显著（P＜0.05，P＜0.01）。试验结果提示羊胎盘肽可提高幼犬的免疫功能。     

Research Progress on Regulatory Mechanisms of Canine Corpus Luteum Function

Significant differences can be found in the physiology construction and functional performance of canine corpus luteum from the other domestic animal species, and the most interesting characteristic is the lack of an acute luteolytic mechanism. It is a multifactorial process that luteinization of canine is regulated by PRL, LH and PGE₂, and the luteolysis is insensitive to PGF_2α. The remaining canine corpus luteum plays an important role in bitch reproductive activities, and the steroid hormone from it through autocrine or paracrine is the same important to pregnancy and the estrus cycle. It is still unknown about the mechanism of regression of canine corpus luteum, however, there are several hypotheses including the passive regression mechanism. Moreover, corpus luteum is one of the few tissues (organs) which includes all three parts formation, maintenance and regression of the life cycle, and it is very important for the research of inflammatory reaction, carcinogenesis and apoptosis. In this review, the advanced progress of formation and regression of canine corpus luteum were summarized, which would provide theoretical basis and research background to study the molecular mechanism in this filed.     

浅析犬细小病毒病临床诊断与防治措施

犬细小病毒所引起的犬细小病毒病是危害养犬业最为严重的传染病之一,临床以剧烈呕吐、出血性肠炎、心肌炎和白细胞显著减少为主要特征,感染发病率高,传染性强,病死率高,本文浅析了犬细小病毒的生物学特性,细小病毒病临床症状、诊断、治疗和愈后、预防等内容,以期对犬细小病毒病的防治提供一定的参考。     

Expression of Endothelin‐1 and Endothelin Receptor A in Canine Ovarian Tumours

Ovarian tumours have a low incidence in bitch. Endothelin (ET‐1) and endothelin A receptor (ET‐A) are overexpressed in human ovarian cancer. Twenty canine ovarian tumours and five normal samples were first evaluated by western blotting and then immunohistochemically for ET‐1 and ET‐A expression. Seventeen out of twenty tumours were ET‐1 positive. Eight out of twenty tumours were ET‐A immunohistochemically positive. At molecular level both proteins were proven to be expressed in normal as well as in tumour samples. Our results show that ET‐1 and ET‐A are overexpressed in canine ovarian tumours, suggesting a potential role of these two molecules in canine ovarian carcinogenesis.     

犬瘟热病犬肝功能的变化

为了研究出现典型临床症状犬瘟热病犬肝功能的变化,为犬瘟热的治疗及预后提供理论指导,试验采用半自动生化分析仪测定了5例犬瘟热病犬丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)及血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(SP)、总胆红素(T-Bil)、直接胆红素(D-Bil)等指标.结果表明:出现典型临床症状犬瘟热病犬的ALT、AST普遍偏高,测定值分别为(84.20±17.68) U/L、(79.20±14.14) U/L;TP、ALB普遍偏低,分别为(53.00±7.31) g/L、(24.80±5.17) g/L;T-Bil、D-Bil、SP浓度分别为(5.96±1.47)μmol/L、(3.88±1.84) μmol/L 和(28.30±8.26) g/L,变化不明显.     

犬黄体功能调控机制研究进展

犬黄体具有异于其他家畜的生理结构和功能表现,其中最特别的是犬缺乏急性黄体溶解机制。犬黄体发生过程受催乳素、促黄体素和前列腺素E₂的复杂调控,溶解退化过程则对其他家畜主要的溶黄体激素--前列腺素F_2α不敏感。而黄体的存留对母犬的生殖活动却具有重要的意义,其自分泌或旁分泌的类固醇激素也在妊娠调控和发情周期的更迭中发挥重要作用。犬黄体的退化机制尚未明确,但国外已有包括被动退化在内的诸多假说。此外,黄体是为数不多具有完整生命周期的功能性组织（或器官）,其发生过程、功能实现和衰老溶解都在周而复始地进行,这对炎症反应、癌症发生和细胞凋亡等研究都具有重要的参考价值。作者综述了犬黄体的发生和退化过程中调控机制的研究进展,旨在为进一步深入研究犬黄体发生和退化的分子机制提供研究背景和理论依据。