甘加型藏羊发情周期阴道细胞变化规律

采用阴道涂片法,观察了8只甘加型藏羊连续2个发情周期阴道细胞涂片,统计分析了发情周期不同时期阴道细胞种类、形态变化特点及其所占比例。结果显示:甘加型藏羊发情周期阴道涂片中主要有副基底层上皮细胞、中间层上皮细胞、表层上皮细胞、不完全角化上皮细胞、完全角化上皮细胞、白细胞和细胞碎片。发情期角化细胞所占比例最高,显著高于发情前期、发情后期和间情期(P0.05);发情前期表层上皮细胞所占比例显著高于其他三个时期(P0.05);间情期和发情后期白细胞所占比例显著高于发情前期和发情期;中间层上皮细胞在各时期所占比例差异不显著(P0.05)。结果表明:根据涂片中阴道细胞种类和各类细胞所占比例的变化特点可以简便、快速准确地鉴定和区分甘加母羊发情周期的不同阶段,阴道凃片是高效、准确的发情鉴定方法。     

小鼠卵巢EGFR表达检测及EGF提高小鼠超数排卵效果研究

在检测发情周期不同阶段小鼠卵巢表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)表达的基础上,利用小鼠卵巢组织学、胚胎回收与胚胎体外培养方法,研究超数排卵前腹腔注射表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor,EGF)对小鼠超数排卵效果的影响。结果显示:(1)EGFR在卵巢内主要定位于腔前卵泡、有腔卵泡的颗粒细胞和卵丘细胞,间情期、发情前期和发情期小鼠卵巢EGFR阳性反应均强于发情后期。(2)对发情前期和间情期小鼠按照每克体质量5、10、20、40ng的EGF进行腹腔注射,24h后注射孕马血清促性腺激素(pregnant mare serum gonadotropin,PMSG)进行超数排卵处理。发情前期小鼠在EGF注射后24h,卵巢切面已有较多的有腔卵泡分布,而间情期小鼠直到PMSG注射后24h,卵巢切面上才可观察到较多的腔前卵泡和有腔卵泡,且发情前期和间情期小鼠卵巢切面上有腔卵泡数量呈EGF剂量依赖性增多。(3)小鼠注射20ng/g EGF预处理24h,超排配种后见栓鼠的2-细胞胚胎回收数最高(P0.05);当EGF剂量超过40ng/g时,胚胎回收数降低;发情前期各组小鼠2-细胞胚胎回收数均低于对应EGF注射剂量间情期小鼠组的。(4)各组2-细胞胚胎体外囊胚发育率无显著性差异(P0.05)。研究结果表明,小鼠卵巢组织中EGFR定位于腔前卵泡、有腔卵泡的颗粒细胞和卵丘细胞,间情期、发情前期和发情期小鼠卵巢EGFR阳性反应均强于发情后期的;超排前24h腹腔注射20ng/g EGF,可获显著提高间情期和发情前期小鼠的超数排卵效果,并且不影响胚胎的发育潜能。     

阴道涂片法确定绵羊情期的研究

实验用阴道涂片法确定绵羊发情时期。在发情季节,把经试情确定发情周期正常的母羊于发情前期、发情期、发情后期和发情间期分别进行阴道涂片,观察各种细胞成分及其变化。结果说明,绵羊阴道涂片中主要可见到白细胞、有核上皮细胞、角化上皮细胞和细胞碎片等4种细胞成分。白细胞在发情间期数目最多,显著(P<0.01)多于其它各期;各时期有核上皮细胞的数目无显著差异;角化上皮细胞在发情期数目最多,明显(P<0.01)高于其它各期;发情间期和前期的细胞碎片明显(P<0.01)多于发情期和发情后期。因此,有可能以角化上皮细胞和白细胞的数目作为指标,确定绵羊的发情时期。     

梅花鹿发情期阴道细胞形态变化与最适输精期

为了对梅花鹿进行准确的发情鉴定和适时输精,本试验对梅花鹿发情期阴道细胞进行涂片检查和发情时期划分,并按划分时期进行了输精试验。通过研究形成了梅花鹿发情前期、发情盛期、发情末期与间情期阴道细胞检查图谱,总结出了各时期阴道细胞变化规律。发情期各阶段输精结果,发情盛期的Ⅰ期到Ⅲ期受胎率分别是83.3%、86.5%、79.1%,受胎率明显高于发情期输精总的受胎率71.5%,确定梅花鹿普通冻精输精最适时期是发情盛期(Ⅰ期-Ⅲ期)。研究表明,梅花鹿阴道细胞发情鉴定是提高梅花鹿人工授精受胎率的一种新的有效方法。     

小鼠发情周期阴道上皮细胞形态变化的研究

为了区分小鼠发情周期各阶段阴道内部细胞组织形态学变化,利用阴道组织涂片法,对6只成年实验小白鼠连续6 d进行阴道涂片、镜检,观察阴道涂片中细胞的变化规律。结果表明,在小鼠发情周期各阶段阴道涂片特征明显,其中在发情前期,阴道涂片特征为形状不规则或蝌蚪状的有核上皮细胞占绝大多数,白细胞和角质化上皮细胞很少。在发情期,阴道涂片特征几乎全是片状的无核角质化细胞。在发情后期,阴道涂片特征为少量无核角质化上皮细胞,白细胞占大多数。在发情间期,阴道涂片特征为上皮细胞少而皱缩,涂片中有大量白细胞。试验结果表明,小鼠在整个发情周期过程中阴道内部细胞组织形态会发生一系列变化,特征显著,可以作为区分小鼠发情周期阶段的一个简便方法。     

甘加藏羊发情周期血浆FSH和LH的分泌规律

为了研究甘加藏羊发情周期血浆中促卵泡素(FSH)和促黄体素(LH)的分泌变化规律及其与藏羊繁殖力之间的关系,采用酶联免疫分析法(ELISA)测定发情期、发情后期、间情期和发情前期血浆中FSH和LH的含量,并分析其动态变化规律。结果显示,FSH和LH在发情期、发情后期和发情前期的分泌均呈现脉冲式变化,而间情期既有脉冲式分泌又有波动式分泌。FSH和LH在发情周期中先后均出现4个分泌峰,其中FSH和LH的第1个峰分别出现在发情的2h和0h;第2个峰分别出现在72h和69h;第3个峰分别出现在第10天和第9天;第4个峰分别出现在第13天和第12天。FSH和LH的分泌趋势相似,其特点是分泌量先在发情期升高,然后在发情后期和间情期降低,最后在发情前期又升高。结果表明,发情周期不同阶段FSH和LH的分泌方式明显不相同。在发情期和发情后期,FSH出现峰值的时间分别比LH晚2h和晚3h;在间情期和发情前期,FSH出现峰值的时间比LH晚1d,并且FSH和LH形成2个分泌峰的时间间隔不同。     

母畜发情周期中激素的作用机制

<正> 母畜的发情周期按其内部生殖器官的组织学变化及外表行为可分成四期:发情前期(卵泡期)、发情期(发情盛期),发情后期(黄体期)及休情期(间情期)。发情周期的长度是由前一次发情期开始到下一次发情期开始来计算的。周期的长度有种属差异,也有同种品系间的差异。如牛的发情周期为21±4天,猪为19～23天,平均21天。实际上发情周期的     

陕北白绒山羊10月龄母羊发情周期血清激素分泌规律的研究

本实验旨在分析陕北白绒山羊10月龄母羊发情周期内卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E_2)和孕酮(P_4)的含量变化规律,为研究幼龄陕北白绒山羊母羊的繁殖性能和生殖激素的调控提供理论依据。在一个发情周期内,连续20 d每天对8只10月龄陕北白绒山羊母羊进行颈静脉采血(母羊出现发情表现记为发情第0天);在发情期当天和发情间期第5天,从08:00开始,每间隔15 min连续采血3 h,分离血清,用酶联免疫测定法(ELISA)测定发情期、间情期和发情周期血清中FSH、LH、E_2和P_4的含量。结果表明:在发情期和间情期连续3 h内,FSH、LH、E_2和P_4均呈波动式分泌,FSH发情期比间情期波动频率快。LH发情期较间情期的波动频率低;在发情期血清内E_2含量较间情期高(P0.05);间情期血清内P4含量显著高于发情期(P0.05);在测定的20 d内,FSH、LH、E2血清中浓度值差异不显著(P0.05),而P4浓度在发情当日和发情次日低于发情间期(P0.05)。     

甘加藏羊发情周期腺垂体和血浆中GTH含量动态变化

为了探讨甘加藏羊发情周期腺垂体和血浆中FSH和LH含量动态变化规律及排卵的关系。选取2.5~5岁,健康未孕雌性甘加藏羊30只,采集发情周期各阶段和乏情期腺垂体和血浆,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定发情前期、发情期、发情后期、间情期及乏情期腺垂体和血浆中FSH和LH的含量。结果表明,甘加藏羊发情周期内腺垂体FSH浓度在发情期(6.873IU/L)和发情后期(6.863IU/L)较低,与间情期最大(8.228IU/L)差异显著(P<0.05),发情前期又降低(8.096IU/L);腺垂体LH浓度发情期(9.39IU/L)和发情后期(9.585IU/L)较低,间情期最大(10.629IU/L),发情前期(9.7325IU/L)降低,各时期差异不显著(P>0.05);发情周期内血浆中FSH浓度在发情前期(2.599IU/L)达到峰值,其他时期均较低,发情前期与其他时期差异显著(P<0.05);血浆LH浓度在发情期(3.866IU/L)达到峰值,发情后期(3.179IU/L)和间情期(3.292IU/L)降低,各时期差异不显著(P>0.05);并且FSH和LH在发情周期内均出现4个波峰:乏情期腺垂体和血浆中FSH和LH的浓度均低于发情周期内FSH和LH各自的基础值。FSH和LH含量在垂体和血浆的这些差异性应该是两者协同调控藏羊发情和排卵的主要原因。     

发情周期不同阶段牦牛子宫中黄体生成素受体的表达变化

为研究发情周期不同阶段牦牛子宫中黄体生成索受体(LHR)的定位及表达变化,笔者利用免疫组织化学SP法分别检测发情期、发情后期、间情期和发情前期牦牛子宫中LHR的表达,并进行光密度值分析.结果表明,LHR免疫阳性产物在牦牛子宫腺上皮细胞、基质细胞、血管内皮细胞、血管平滑肌细胞和肌层平滑肌细胞中均有表达;腺上皮细胞、基质细胞和肌层平滑肌细胞中LHR在发情前期和发情期表达最弱,发情后期表达增加,间情期表达最强(P＜0.05);子宫内膜血管平滑肌细胞中LHR的表达在发情期最强,间情期最弱(P＜0.05);血管内皮中LHR在发情期和发情前期表达很强,发情后期和间情期显著下降(P＜0.05).结果表明LHR参与了发情周期不同阶段牦牛子宫功能变化的调控.     

昆明鼠超数排卵影响因素研究

为探讨昆明鼠超数排卵的最佳条件,提高超排效果,比较促性腺激素使用剂量、孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)与人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)注射间隔时间、超排小鼠所处发情周期阶段及小鼠周龄等因素对昆明鼠超数排卵结果的影响。PMSG 8IU+hCG 8IU、间隔46h～48h注射组超排效果最好;3周龄、8周龄～10周龄雌鼠较4周龄～7周龄雌鼠超排效果好,小鼠发情间期或发情前期开始超排的效果显著高于发情周期的其他时期。     

Corpus luteum function following spontaneous or prostaglandin-induced estrus in Brahman cows and heifers

Corpus luteum (CL) function following spontaneous or prostaglandin F2 alpha-induced estrus was studied in 27 Brahman cows and 16 Brahman heifers. Females received one injection of 0, .38, .75 or 2.25 mg alfaprostol (PGF)/100 kg body weight at 12 +/- .1 d post-estrus. Serum progesterone (P4) during CL formation, following the subsequent estrus, increased over time (P less than .001, 1 to 13 d post-estrus) and was influenced by PGF (P less than .06) and a PGF X time interaction (P less than .02). Low serum P4 concentrations were observed during CL formation (d 3, 4, 10, and 12) in cattle that received 2.25 mg PGF. On d 13 post-estrus, CL were removed. No differences in weight, P4 content or number of luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors was evident between CL derived 13 d following spontaneous vs PGF-induced estrus. The CL formed following PGF-induced estrus had fewer large (P less than .002) and small (P less than .09) luteal cells in heifers, a lower (P less than .008) percentage composition of histological type I and II luteal cells in cows and a lower (P less than .0001) in vitro P4 response to LH in both cows and heifers when compared with the CL formed following spontaneous estrus. Cows had heavier (P less than .002) CL with a higher (P less than .05) number of large cells, a higher (P less than .09) percentage composition of histological cell type I and II luteal cells, and a higher (P less than .03) in vitro basal and stimulated P4 secretion. It is concluded that 1) the events associated with artificially shortening the estrous cycle with PGF altered subsequent CL function in Brahman females; 2) cows had heavier CL, which were composed of more steroidogenically functional luteal cells, than heifers and 3) age of animal interacted with PGF to alter subsequent CL function in Brahman females.     

绵羊超数排卵技术的初步研究

以乌珠穆沁蒙古绵羊及无角道赛特羊为供体,采用FSH-LH法,对73只供体羊实施超排处理,有效率为94.5%,平均获卵8.12枚,平均获可用胚7.22枚.结果表明:在9～11月超排效果最佳;发情周期正常且易受孕,母羊可提高超排效果和胚胎可用率;FSH剂量150IU可获较好的超排效果;适龄羊超排效果最佳,平均获卵和可用胚胎数高于育成和老龄羊组.     

济宁青山羊超数排卵效果研究

通过对35只济宁青山羊进行同期发情和超数排卵研究,结果表明:经产母羊的受精卵未受精率极显著(P<0.01)低于育成母羊,说明经产母羊排出的卵子质量要好于育成母羊,但两者的同期发情率、获胚平均数及采卵平均数差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

A comparison of effects of zearalenone and estradiol benzoate on reproductive function during the estrous cycle in gilts

Effects of estradiol benzoate (EB) and zearalenone (Z) on luteal maintenance and plasma hormone concentrations were studied in 45 gilts. Gilts were allocated to receive either 20 mg Z, 2 mg EB or no treatment (C) on d 1 to 5 (T1), 6 to 10 (T2) or 11 to 15 (T3) of an estrous cycle (five per treatment). Onset of estrus was designated as d 0 of the estrous cycle. Zearalenone was added to the daily ration and EB was administered via an intramuscular injection. Blood samples were collected every 10 min over a 4-h period on the first 2 d prior to onset of treatment; the first, third and fifth days of treatment; and the first two and the fifth day after the end of the treatment periods. Gilts receiving EB and Z during T2 and T3 had longer (P less than .05) inter-estrous intervals than C gilts. The range in inter-estrous intervals for Z and EB treatments was 28 to 74 and 27 to 63 d, respectively. Mean plasma progesterone concentrations were elevated (P less than .05) during T2 and T3 in EB and Z-treated gilts when compared with C females. Estradiol benzoate treatment during T2 and T3 reduced (P less than .05) mean plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations more than C or Z treatments. Mean plasma concentrations of 13, 14-dihydro-, 15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) during T3 were higher (P less than .05) in C and Z gilts on d 13 and 15 post-estrus when compared with EB gilts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effect of superovulation on uterine and serum biochemical parameters and its potential association with transferable embryos in Holstein dairy cows

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of superovulation (SOV) on serum and uterine biochemical parameters, uterine bacteriology and cytology and number of transferable embryos (TE). Dairy cows were placed on a Presynch/CIDR Synch protocol. The SOV group was superovulated, induced in estrus, and inseminated, whereas the control group was induced in estrus and inseminated without SOV. Uterine bacteriology and cytology and uterine and serum biochemical parameters were measured at day 7 of the estrous cycle to start the SOV protocol, as well as on the day of embryo recovery (DER). The SOV group produced 7.5 ± 6.7 oocytes/embryos, of which 3.4 ± 4.7 were TE. Serum urea and E2 and uterine Glu, CK, LDH, TP, P4 and PGFM in the control group and serum P4 and PGFM and uterine LDH and PGFM in the SOV group were significantly higher (p < 0.01) at DER than day 7. At DER, uterine urea, LDH, PGFM and TP and serum urea, LDH, PGFM, and P4 concentrations were higher (p < 0.01) in the SOV group than the control. There was no significant variation in uterine bacteriology or cytology. Overall, these results infer that SOV affects both serum profile and uterine secretions, and that these changes may influence the number of TE.     

澳洲和牛超数排卵与体内胚胎生产的影响因素研究

旨在研究不同发育阶段(青年和经产牛)、同期方法、促卵泡素(follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)剂量、超排次数等因素对澳洲和牛供体超数排卵(简称超排)和体内胚胎生产效率的影响.本试验共选用38头青年和牛(16?20月龄)和42头经产和牛(胎次=1)进行超排处理,分别统计每头供体牛回收的总胚胎...     

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha as a possible auto-/paracrine factor affecting estrous cycle in the cat uterus

Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFalpha) is a pleiotrophic cytokine, affects either normal or tumor cells, and influences cellular differentiation. TNFalpha role in female reproduction has been proven to be mediated through an influence on prostaglandin (PGs) synthesis and output. To evaluate the possible role of TNFalpha in an auto-/paracrine regulation in the cat uterus, mRNA expression coding for TNFalpha and its receptors (TNFR1 and TNFR2), and TNFalpha protein content at different stages of the estrous cycle were investigated. Additionally, TNFalpha involvement in PG secretion at different stages of the estrous cycle was investigated by in vitro tissue culture. Gene expressions coding for TNFalpha and TNFR1 were the highest at diestrus (P < 0.05). TNFalpha protein expression was the lowest at interestrus (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, TNFR2 was not affected by the estrous stage. TNFalpha at a dose of 1 ng/ml significantly increased PGF2alpha secretion at estrus (P < 0.01) and PGE2 secretion at diestrus (P < 0.001) after 12h incubation. Overall findings indicate that TNFalpha locally produced in the cat's uterus, stimulates PG secretion in an estrous cycle-related manner.     

不同药物组合对波尔山羊超数排卵效果的影响研究

为了提高波尔山羊繁殖力,应用两种处理方法对波尔山羊进行了同期发情研究。结果表明：孕酮栓法的同期发情率显著高于（P〈0.05）两次PG法,波尔山羊的发情时间主要集中在处理后48 h内。为了提高种群数量,采用两种方法对150只波尔山羊进行超数排卵处理,结果表明：FSH＋孕酮栓＋PG法的平均采卵数显著高于（P〈0.05）FSH＋PG法,而平均获胚数、获胚率与平均可用胚数则差异不显著（P〉0.05）。为波尔山羊规模化胚胎移植研究提供了参考依据。     

Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations increase during the estrous phase in goats

The objective of this study was to characterize plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) profiles during the estrous cycle in goats. Frequent blood samples were drawn during the day of estrus and during the luteal phase on Day 10 after estrus, and plasma growth hormone (GH) and IGF-I profiles were examined. Then, daily blood samples were drawn throughout the estrous cycle or during induction of estrus by prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) to further clarify the IGF-I profiles. GH was secreted in an episodic manner in the estrous and luteal phases in goats. There were no significant differences in the mean concentrations, pulse amplitude and pulse frequency of GH between the estrous and luteal phases. IGF-I concentrations during estrous phase were higher than those in the luteal phase (P<0.05). Plasma IGF-I increased approximately two days before behavioral estrus, and the IGF-I peak was observed in accordance with the appearance of estrus. The elevated IGF-I levels then declined to basal values 4 to 5 days after estrus. When estrus was induced by PGF(2alpha), plasma IGF-I concentrations increased after treatment, and the concentration 2 days after treatment (day of appearance of behavioral estrus) was significantly higher than concentrations before treatment (P<0.05). The elevated IGF-I levels then declined during the 3 days after treatment. These results indicate that plasma IGF-I concentrations increase during estrus in goats.