SMALL-DIAMETER KOREAN PINES AND THEIR ROLES INNATURAL KOREAN PINE FOREST

lNTRODUCTloNKorcanpincforcst'asaclimaxofcastlnounta1nsinNortheast-isalt"a}simportantobjcctforforcstcrstostlld}.AIthougllman}'cxpcrtsllax'cn1assi\'cI}'stlldicdthcdy'nal11icsproccssofKorcanpincforest.thcstudlesinsolllcaspcctsstilIIackdcpth'ct'cnl1at'cgaps.Sillccslnall-dianlcterKorcanpincsplayaIinL-lllgIbrlllerandlattcrroIcinKorcanpincforcstd}'llaIl1icsproccss.tl1cstudicsaboutsn1all-dlan1ctcrKorcal1pil1cs-origlnatiol1'gro\Y1l1cllaractcrandthcirrclatiol1stostandstnICt1Ircundoubtcd1}oflbr…     

Life History Process and Conservation of Korean Pine Populations in the Xiaoxing'an Mountains of Northeast ChinaThis research was supported by the UNDP Project CPR/96/109

分析了中国东北小兴安岭林区红松种群的生活史过程及其影响因素,对红松生活史的４个阶段进行了分析,并讨论了其进化和保护对策．红松的传粉和受精主要受天气条件的影响．林冠下的光照是控制红松幼苗生长和存活的主要因素．红松种子生产的周期性波动会引起有关动物种群的相应变化．动物是阔叶红松林生态系统中不可缺少的组成成分,松鼠在红松种群的天然更新中起着非常重要的作用．了解森林生态系统中物种的协同进化关系对于我们保护森林生物多样性和生态系统的完整性有着重要的意义．在红松的保护中,我们不仅要保护树木本身,而且还应当保护与红松相关的动物、生境乃至整个生态系统．     

The natural regeneration pattern and process of Korean pine population under natural Poplar-birch forest in Xiaoxing’an Mountains

According to a great deal of field investigation and detailed indoor analysis, the natural regeneration pattern and process of Korean pine population under natural Poplar-birch forest has been uncovered. The results show that the regeneration quantity and quality of Korean pine population under mountainous Poplar-birch forest and mountainous white birch forest are better than those under valley moss-grass White Birch forest and virgin broad-leaved Korean pine forest. Korean pine population shows aggregated distribution, the mass-occurrence period of Korean pine population is behind the mass-occurrence period of Poplar-birch population. Various aged Korean pines growth is affected by different stand structure factors. Man-made lighting tending can accelerate the regeneration process and increase the regeneration quality of Korean pine population. It is feasible to set up regeneration recombination of upper layer White Birch and lower layer Korean pines.     

Seed dispersal,dormancy, seedbank and regeneration of Amur corktree

Amur corktree (Phellodendron amurense Rupr.) is one of the important accompanying species of Korean pine (Pinus Koraiensis Sieb et Zuce) broadleaved forest in northeast China. This paper reports on the seed dispersal, dormancy, seed bank and regeneration of amur corktree. Seeds of amur corktree arc dispersed mainly by the aid of birds and gravity. The aril of the seeds may increase seed longevity. In natural secondary forests, the store of the seed bank may reach 750, 000 seeds per heetare. Regeneration was correlated wirh disturbance, and was best under intensive disturbance.     

红松人工林培育技术

在黑龙江省山河屯林业局凤凰山等4个林场的6个大林班内6个小林班进行红松人工林培育实验,所选地块均为适合红松林生长的荒地类,而且均设置了对照区。实验得出结论:从地类因子对红松径、高生长量影响来分析,以荒地类生长量最高;从坡向、坡位、坡度因子对红松径、高的影响来分析,阴坡的平均径、高生长量明显高于阳坡,以坡下位的平均径、高最高,并随坡度增加生长量逐渐降低,平坡和缓坡(5°-15°)的条件是红松适宜生长的立地条件;从土壤类型和土壤深度对红松径、高的影响来分析,以暗棕壤土红松的径、高生长量最高,而且其各生长指标随土层厚度的增加呈上升趋势,土层厚度大于50cm对红松生长最好;不同修枝高度对红松幼林的径、高影响很大,以中度修枝程度最有利于提高生长量。     

RESEARCH ON REGENERATION APPROACHES OF KOREAN PINE FORESTS

Broad-lcavedKoreanpincforcstisthcclimaticclimaxconinunitVofnortheastmoun-tainousregionsofChina.AsthemaintreesPecies,Koreanpinehasexccllentwood.AgreatattentionbasbccnpaidtorecoveringtheseforesttyPesafterharvesting.Additional1y,KoreanpineisoneofkeyregcncrationtreesPeCiesinthisregion.TherehasbeenlargeareaofKorcanpincplantations.Howevcr,thercaresomeproblemsncedingtobestUdicdfwtheramongwhichoneistoselectsuitabIeropenerationapproacl1esofKoreanpincforesls.WHATISTHEPROBLEM?ThcnatUralregen…     

Diversity of higher plant in broad leaved Korean pine and secondary birch forests in Liangshui Natural Reserve

INTRoDUCTIoNBroad-lcavedKoreanpincforcstisthczonalclimaxecosystcminnortl1castmountainsofChina.Itisknot"nasdivcrscsPCCicsandsPCcialindicatorinthcnortl1cmtcmPCratcforcstty'PCsofthccarth.Bccauscthiski11dofforcstllashighproductivityandlargcasscss-ment,andiscomPoscdoflnany'\1aluabIccoIl1-mercialtI-eesPCcicssucl1asI,inuskoraicnsi3,Fraxinusman'I3huricactc.IthasbecncutoverinIargcarcasduringtl1clastscveraldcc-adcsandtl1coldforcstI1asbccndamagcdscri-ousIy.Noxt'n1ostoftl1cml1a\'cbcenreplacc…     

红松无性系果林优化经营技术研究的必要性及可行性

为了促进红松无性系果林的健康发展,在现有的红松无性系果林的基础上,分析了开展果林优化经营技术研究的必要性,并提出了红松无性系果林优化经营技术研究的方法。     

Genetic Differentiation of Pinus koraiensis under Different Altitude Conditions in Changbai Mountain

The genetic differentiation of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) in different altitudes in Changbai Mountain was analyzed by ISSR technique, and it was found that the level of genetic diversity of Korean pine reduces along with altitude increasing in Changbai Mountain. The variation of Korean pine is mainly from intra-population and there is a positive relativity between genetic distance and vertical geographic distance of Korean pine in different altitudes. The genedc coherence shows that altitude has less insulation to Korean pine. Therefore, it is deduced that the terrain formation of vertical distribution of Korean pine is a result of diffusion from lower altitude to higher altitude in the course of enlarging its adaptability.     

东北地区阔叶红松林恢复的相关问题研究

东北林区现有林经营面临的首要任务是恢复阔叶红松林。栽针保阔是恢复阔叶红松林的科学理论,但还需时间的检验并不断完善。天保工程的实施为提高现有林生产力、恢复阔叶红松林提供了历史机遇,但在实施过程中还存在诸多问题,需要转变观念,正确认识。以近自然森林经营理论为指导,适当发展红松人工林具有重要意义,落叶松人工林可以通过人为诱导向阔叶红松林发展。传统意义上的封山育林不利于阔叶红松林的恢复,应由“封山”向“育林”转变。     

抚顺地区红松冠下更新存在问题及对策

通过对抚顺地区次生林综合经营“示范林”建设工程和红松“果材林”建设工程冠下更新的红松长势状况进行了调查分析,指出了红松冠下更新经营过程中出现的问题,分析了红松冠下更新经营问题和经营现状并提出经营对策,为红松冠下更新经营和林业长远发展提供参考和建议。     

天然红松林空间竞争研究

本研究基于黑龙江省五营林业局红松天然林标准地调查数据,研究红松天然林内种内和种间竞争关系。研究结果表明,红松的种内和种间竞争强度分别占总竞争强度的17.0%和83.0%,说明红松天然林种内竞争小,主要竞争来自种间。     

长白山红松阔叶林及其次生林草本植物多样性季节动态研究

研究了原始红松阔叶林及其次生林草本植物物种组成及多样性动态,共记录了179种草本植物,其中红松阔叶林125种,次生林160种。红松阔叶林及其次生林草本植物的月季动态变化明显,物种数、Simpson多样性指数、Shannon-wiener指数及均匀度指数均表现为先增加再减小。不同月份次生林内草本物种数均明显高于红松阔叶林。红松阔叶林下草本植物垂直方向呈现明显的分层现象;在整个生长季内,次生林下草本植物高度均大于红松阔叶林。     

THE NATURAL REGENERATION PATTERN AND PROCESS OF KOREAN PINE POPULATION UNDER NATURAL POPLAR-BIRCH FOREST IN XIAOXING''''AN MOUNTAINS

Broad-lcafKorcanpi11cforcstbccol11csPoplar-bircl1forcstaftcrburntandfcllcdinbigarcas.Ca11tl1iskindofPopIar-bircl1forcstrccot'crtoclin1axco1nl11unity-trirginbroadlcafKorcanpincforcst9Whatistl1erclationsl1ipbctt`.ccnPoplar-birchforcstandKorcanpil1cforcst?Ho`"docsKorcanpincPOpu1ationrc-gencratcundcrnaturaIPoplar-birchforcst?AllthescprobICInsl1a\'caIrcad}'attractcdforcstcrsattcntionforaIOI1gtil11c.Tllccarh'studicsshox'cd:itt'asinct-ita-blcthatbirchforcstcouldfonnonbun1ingsitesx"ithil1t'irg…     

诱导改造对大兴安岭低质林土壤理化性质的影响

2009年对大兴安岭地区的阔叶混交次生林及白桦萌生低质林进行不同带宽皆伐,将每条皆伐带分为3段,分别种植西伯利亚红松、落叶松和樟子松,2011年8月测定林分的土壤理化指标。结果表明:不同方式改造后土壤密度均不同程度地降低,而土壤毛管持水量、毛管孔隙度均不同程度地升高;与对照样地相比,阔叶混交次生林不同诱导改造后土壤全氮含量均升高(落叶松林升高98.26%,西伯利亚红松林升高72.70%,樟子松林升高44.91%),除落叶松林土壤全磷含量3.35g·kg-1保持不变外,西伯利亚红松林和樟子松林全磷含量均降低;与对照样地相比,白桦萌生低质林不同诱导改造后土壤全磷、全氮含量均有所降低,全磷含量降低程度表现为西伯利亚红松林降低38.90%、落叶松林降低33.15%、樟子松林降低11.78%,全氮含量降低程度表现为西伯利亚红松林降低36.02%、落叶松林降低36.75%、樟子松林降低37.68%;综合分析所有改造林,土壤有机质含量与全氮、全钾含量显著正相关(P﹤0.05);不同带宽西伯利亚红松林的土壤pH值、有机质含量、全氮含量及全钾含量变异系数最大,说明带宽对西伯利亚红松诱导林土壤理化性质有显著影响。     

黑龙江省红松林主要害虫及防治技术

论述了黑龙江省红松林主要害虫的种类、分类地位、危害部位以及危害程度,共包括5个目14科36种。其中,枝梢及球果害虫松梢象、冷杉梢斑螟、微红梢斑螟以及食叶害虫落叶松毛虫是黑龙江省红松林的最主要害虫。同时,还提出了黑龙江省红松林主要害虫的综合防治技术措施。     

试论伊春林区开发红松花粉的可行性

文章根据国内松花粉开发发展状况及伊春林区发展红松的优势和条件,论述伊春区开发红松花粉的可行性,并对预期可达到的经济效益进行了分析。     

Study on community structure and self-sustaining mechanism of broad-leaved/Korean pine forests in northeast China

INTRODUCTloNbePthemp`vkoItw)isanli11pe1tclhabepeicinnoed1castO1ina.Thcspeic~rminn1bo\vithInanyhar~~,inbotScalledndbroadileated/KOrCantwthisisthecham~honin~toinla.bendboare~lycalledKrsPincbofOrdnd.ThebohavcboexPloitalforwtahalf~,withiISareabeing~boIhan5oto5~inthiswil,].TO-tw-oroldgrowthbonaatonlyiminfewedwr.beusePaSttimeduetOwithe~mCChanisl1isofthenabotwpePlanboonsofKrsptheunmaseeqclear~ofhsenahahenrstaredanopmcaedtyforndnd'l,.ndmamAnboontisetOPofnd3l.Hot`toodthehighqtaltyorboPli…     

Study on dynamics of stem form of Korean pine trees in natural forest stand

INTRODUCTIONThcstcmfonl1ofnaturalKorcanpincforcst.ot\ingtothcsupprcsscdandshadcd,isvcry'difTcrcntt`iththatofplantation.Itis\'cry't'aluabIctostud}'thcstcmfonnforn1orcac-knot`lcdgcabouttl1ctrccd)-nan1icsofnaturalKorcanpinc.n1crcl1asbccnconsidcrabIcrescarchontl1cstc111for111cquationsasatoolforforcstmanagcmcnt,butitalmostbasnorclationshipt`-iththcbiologicalgrowthproccss.soitisx'ery'dimcuIttouscthccquationtoanalxrsisthcd\'amicsofstclllform.Hcrcthcdct'clopmcntofstcmformt"ascxPCctcdfornotonI\…     

Effect of microenvironmental quantitative regulation on growth of Korean pine trees planted under secondary forest

Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) and broadleaved mixed forest in Northeast China has been changed regressively into secondary forest with almost no conifers. Planting Korean pine trees under the canopy of secondary forest is a feasible approach for recovering Korean pine and broadleaved mixed forest. For establishing an effective growth promotion method for under-canopy planted young Korean pine trees, two stands were selected as the experiment plots, Stand A (planted in 1989) and Stand B (planted in 1982), and an experiment of microenvironment regulation was conducted relying mainly on Opening degree (K=1, K=1.5, K=2, CK) in 2004. The results were shown that the adjustment had promoted growth of diameter and height of Korean pine planted in Stand A and Stand B, and had a significant influence on the growth rate of basal diameter, diameter at breast height and height in the two growth stands. The four years periodic increment of mean diameter and height of Korean pine planted in 1989 and in 1982 after regulation in K=1 level were 63.4% (D₀) and 82.7% (H), 64.8% (D_1.3) and 69.7% (H) higher than that of control respectively. Quantitative regulation had significant influence on specific leaf area of Korean pine planted in 1989, and the current year specific leaf area (SLA) was lager than perennial year SLA. Quality indexes of natural pruning capacity, normal form quotient and crown size was not significantly changed but shown a positive tendency. The regulation scheme of Opening degree K=1 might be proper for adjusting the microenvironment of Korean pine trees planted under the canopy of secondary forest when the Korean pine trees were in the growth period of 15 to 26 years old in the experiment region.