我国的淀粉、糖类和纤维植物资源及其用于乙醇发酵的探讨

概述了目前乙醇发酵用淀粉和糖类植物的应用研究进展,调查了我国淀粉类、糖类和纤维类植物资源的主要种类,为我国野生能源植物资源开发提供依据。     

Obesity and medicinal plants

The effects of some medicinal plants (i.e. Fucus vesiculosus, Citrus aurantium) that are claimed to be useful in the treatment of obesity are reviewed.     

园林植物与城市生态

文章分析园林植物具有改善城市生态环境和保护城市生态环境的作用,认识园林植物具有除尘杀菌、吸收有毒气体、防止噪音、涵养水源、保持水土、美化环境等城市绿化功能。     

水养植物,盛夏清凉

正玫瑰、多肉、栀子花……很多在印象中只长在土里的植物,放在水里竟然也养得郁郁葱葱。水和绿,最适合给燥热的心情降温。夏天养一些水培植物放在室内,叶、茎、花、根都可以成为观赏的一部分。今天我们就来看看最常见的两种水培方法。水培养护:1.刚插的时候,隔一天换一次水,根系长出后,秋冬季每月换水一次,夏季适当增加换水次数,保持水质清澈。     

论园林植物与生态环境

分析园林植物保护环境和改善环境的作用,认识植物改善气候,吸收有毒气体,除尘蓄水,杀菌防灾等城市绿化功能。     

Bioactive plants from Argentina and Bolivia

Antibacterial and molluscicidal activities of methanol and chloroform extracts of 16 plant species belonging to the families Compositae and Melastomataceae were evaluated. The chloroform extract of Vernonanthura tweediana and the methanol extract of Senecio santelisis resulted to be very toxic to brine shrimp nauplii (LC(50)=1 microg/ml). Chloroform extracts of S. santelisis and Senecio leucostachys as well as the methanol extract of Wedelia subvaginata displayed molluscicidal effects on Biomphalaria peregrina showing LC(100)<100 microg/ml. Moderate antibacterial action was produced by the chloroform extracts of Flaveria bidentis, Grindelia scorzonerifolia and Vernonia incana against two strains of Staphylococcus aureus.     

连翘二倍体与四倍体叶片特征比较

2009年采用秋水仙素溶液处理生长点的诱变方法和茎尖细胞染色体计数检测及流式细胞仪倍性鉴定方法首次诱导出连翘多倍体。经茎尖细胞染色体计数检测,变异植株茎尖细胞染色体数目为2n=6条,而原二倍体的染色体数目为2n=28条,因此,变异植株（2n=56）为四倍体。经流式细胞仪倍性分析验证,连翘四倍体体细胞DNA相对含量是二倍体的二倍。本文对诱导出的四倍体连翘植株叶片特征与二倍体连翘做出比较,结果表明：连翘四倍体叶片厚度极显著高于连翘二倍体叶片厚度,连翘四倍体叶片叶绿素含量极显著高于连翘二倍体连翘叶片;连翘四倍体叶片和二倍体叶片含水量差异不显著。     

Medicinal and aromatic plants in agroforestry systems

Agroforestry Systems - A large number of people in developing countries have traditionally depended on products derived from plants, especially from forests, for curing human and livestock...     

铜钹山自然保护区珍稀濒危保护植物研究

调查表明铜钹山国家级自然保护区共有珍稀濒危保护植物142种,隶属于47科95属,其中国家重点保护野生植物有17种,IUCN红色名录物种共有14种,中国物种红色名录物种(CSRL)有79种,CITES名录附录Ⅱ物种有42种,江西省重点保护野生植物110种. 分析保护区珍稀濒危保护植物区系特征,指出珍稀濒危保护植物面临主要威胁是人为破坏,针对所受威胁提出保护建议.     

RNA interference and its application in plants

RNA interference （RNAi）, a process that inhibits gene expression by the double-stranded RNA （dsRNA）, causes the degradation of target messenger RNA molecules. RNAi exists in almost all organisms. We review the recent history of RNAi studies, RNAi molecular mechanisms, characteristics and RNAi applications in higher plants. At the same time, the prospect of RNAi applications in functional genomics and genetic improvement of higher plants and possible future problems and possibilities are also discussed.     

Fish-poison plants as insecticides

Ohne Zusammenfassung

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Fish-poison plants as insecticides A Review of recent Work. (Fischgiftpflanzen als Insektengifte. Ein überblick über das neuere Schrifttum.) Von F. Tattersfield (Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts., England. The Empire Journal of Experimental Agriculture. Bd. IV, Nr. 14, April 1936. S. 136–144.

     

沙棘属植物的种质资源及其利用

沙棘属植物种质资源非常丰富。这一属植物共有15个种和亚种,主要分布在欧洲和亚洲。其中只有4个亚种被研究和开发。本文综述了沙棘属植物种质资源利用的现状和利用前景。     

中国古籍中“苏”及其相关植物的原植物考证

为厘清我国历史典籍中"苏"对应的现代植物名称,给深入研究我国古代历史文献中植物命名和分类提供依据,在搜集文献资料的基础上,用比较形态学的方法,整理出与"苏"有关的植物名称,以及它们的植物分类学特征,尝试确定这些植物名称对应的原植物。研究发现,在历史资料中一共记载了15个与"苏"有关的植物名称,确定了其中8个名称所代表的原植物的学名,在现代植物分类学上分别属于唇形科、菊科与爵床科等。研究表明,中国先民在对植物命名的时候,在植物名称的使用上有等级的区分,因此为了准确地了解中国先民对特定植物特征以及分类学位置的认识,需要开展更多的现代植物学工作。     

温州景观植物资源及其开发利用前景

温州市景观植物资源丰富多彩 ,据专题调查鉴定 :有 10 0 0多种 ,隶属 73科 10 4属。地理成分复杂 ,热带、亚热带成分占优势。透露出亚热带南亚区特色。拥有较多国家级保护树种 ,创地理分布新纪录、温州特有种 ,独具“古、稀、特”魅力。为温州旅游资源增添植物之美的无限价值与不可估量的旅游 (经济 )价值以及温州旅游产业可持续发展提供科学依据和丰富的物种基因 ,提升温州———中国优秀旅游城市、历史文化名城品位 ,而显示其开发利用的广阔前景     

常见植物景观修剪造型技术

文章阐述了植物造景的起源,简要介绍和探讨了植物景观修剪造型的形式,应遵循的原则及常用技术。     

Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Indonesian ethnomedical plants

Methylene chloride and methanol extracts of 20 Indonesian plants with ethnomedical uses have been assessed for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal properties by disk diffusion method. Extracts of the six plants: Terminalia catappa, Swietenia mahagoni Jacq., Phyllanthus acuminatus, Ipomoea spp., Tylophora asthmatica and Hyptis brevipes demonstrated high activity in this bioassay system. These findings should stimulate the search for novel, natural product such as new antibacterial and antifungal agents.     

Lianas and self-supporting plants during tropical forest succession

Lianas (woody vines) are an important component of tropical forests, with a strong impact on forest dynamics, but their responses during forest succession have received relatively little attention. Here, we present an analysis of the changes in stem density, biomass, and species richness of lianas and self-supporting plants during tropical forest succession. We surveyed lianas ≥0.5 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) and self-supporting plants ≥2.5 cm dbh in 0.1 ha inventory plots in a chronosequence of 30 sites in northeastern Costa Rica, 23 sites on abandoned pastures 10–44 years of age, and seven sites in old-growth forest. Stem density of self-supporting plants showed no predictable chronosequence trend, but liana stem density declined significantly with forest age. Aboveground biomass of self-supporting vegetation increased rapidly during succession, with forests 31–44 years exhibiting higher levels of biomass than old-growth forests. Liana biomass accumulated more slowly, with the highest levels in old-growth sites. Species richness of self-supporting vegetation increased significantly during succession, but species richness of lianas showed no change or a slight decline with forest age, depending on the method of assessment. The differences between tree and liana responses during succession stem from the unique physiology and life history traits of lianas.     

Managing native and non-native plants in agroforestry systems

Indigenous knowledge has influenced native species selection in agroforestry systems worldwide. However, scientific advancements in plant sciences, agroforestry technologies and trade have accelerated species movements and establishment beyond their native range. Managing native and non-native species is an important area of research in agroforestry and this thematic issue includes 13 papers that cover a range of topics from the role of non-native species in agroforestry to management interventions to improve yield. As evident from these papers, non-native plants are still an important component of agroforestry in many parts of the world. Whether native or non-native, management interventions can increase the economic, environmental and social values of these species and that of agroforestry. Collectively, these papers attest to the increasing body of foundational knowledge in agroforestry.     

关于大连地区植物配植的调查分析

文章对大连地区植物造景进行调查,介绍了该区栽培植物的种类、特点及植物配植应用现状,并结合科学的植物造景原则和美学原理,对盐碱地城市不同类型用地的植物景观进行评价。