Tree Seedling Production Systems in Northern Mindanao, Philippines

This paper examines seedling production systems for small-scale forestry in northern Mindanao, particularly the constraints and opportunities to sustain the operation of smallholder nurseries. Various types of nurseries were identified to examine issues and concerns operators face, and data collected through a survey of nursery operators, discussion with government and NGO personnel, and literature review. Many smallholders in northern Mindanao have been engaged in seedling production, for farm needs and sale in local markets. The interest of smallholder to sustain seedling production depends on market demand and incentives, which translates to financial benefit on sound nursery practices and of reliable access to profitable markets. Activities that will assist smallholder nurseries to achieve full potential have been identified as: available nursery technologies to produce high quality planting materials in sufficient quantity; building farmer groups to facilitate seedling production and enhance the scale of product marketing; building partnerships with various service providers and other stakeholders to address technical, institutional, marketing and policy issues that may hamper the operation of smallholder nurseries; access to markets and market information; and provision of incentives and policy support. Associated benefits from small-scale seedling production accrue to the government, wood processors and to the public in general.     

白刺育苗历和苗木灾害谱的编制

在石羊河下游民勤连古城国家级自然保护区三角城保护站开展白刺播种育苗试验,从种子催芽处理、播种、施肥、田间管理、有害生物防治等关键技术中,总结出播种育苗管理环节,编制出白刺育苗历和苗木灾害谱,便于指导白剌育苗生产,提高白刺苗木质量.     

Regulating the Quality of Seedlings for Forest Restoration: Lessons from the National Greening Program in the Philippines

The use of low quality planting material is one of the major reasons for the limited success of past reforestation programs in the Philippines and elsewhere in the tropics. In the Philippines, a national policy has been in place since 2010, which regulates the quality of seedlings. As part of the policy, government reforestation programs are required to use only high quality seedlings from accredited seedling suppliers. A survey of nurseries producing seedlings for the National Greening Program in Eastern Visayas and Northern Mindanao regions was carried out to determine the effectiveness and challenges in implementing the forest nursery accreditation policy. The survey identified factors that limit the effectiveness of seedling quality regulation including lack of auditing of seedling quality in accredited nurseries, insufficient monitoring of the seedling supply chain among the network of nurseries supplying seedlings for reforestation programs, inadequate seedling production schedules, and inappropriate criteria for seedling quality assessment. The limited sources of high quality germplasm, nursery operators’ limited information on the attributes of high quality planting materials and lack of knowledge about high quality seedling production technologies contributed to the widespread production of low quality seedlings. The lack of seedling quality checks makes the government’s bidding scheme of seedling purchases prone to favouring the proliferation of low quality seedlings that are usually sold at lower prices. Nursery accreditation represents a major initiative in promoting the success of Philippine reforestation but our study found that considerable improvement of the policy and of its implementation is necessary. From our study, key lessons can be learned for the implementation of forest landscape restoration initiatives in other tropical developing countries.     

麻竹苗圃的建立及生产技术

麻竹繁殖方法的对比试验和生产示范表明,新建苗圃可采用分蔸、带蔸埋杆、主茎杆扦插等方法进行。苗圃建成后宜采用分株留蔸方法进行繁殖。提高繁殖效果的技术关键是:选择适宜的苗圃场地和繁殖材料;有效的种苗处理和水肥管理;合理控制母株密度和起苗方法;适时防治虫害。     

新时期我国苗圃机械化的发展方向

目前我国苗圃机械化整体水平依旧很低,与现代林业建设极不协调。在介绍和分析我国北方苗圃机械的现状和取得的成果后着重指出:政府必须加大资金投入和政策扶持,建立健全包括林业机械化在内的林业技术推广服务体系;以造林苗生产设备为基础,解决苗木切根、起苗、深层土壤施药、防寒等关键技术和难点问题;研发适于绿化苗生产的通用底盘及大苗移植机、中耕除草机、施肥机、喷药机、起苗机等配套设备。     

容器大苗培育技术研究现状

容器大苗培育技术是容器苗育苗技术体系的组成部分, 它是容器苗育苗技术研究的难点, 也是研究的重点。文中围绕容器、基质及其配套技术3个容器大苗培育的要素, 介绍了近年来的研究成果和生产现状, 并对容器大苗培育技术提出了建议。     

林木育苗产业化关键技术

根据国内外现代林木育苗发展现状和趋势, 概述了苗木扩繁、基质研发、容器研制和选择、机械设备制造和选配及工厂化育苗5项林木育苗产业化关键技术; 针对我国林木育苗产业化所面临的问题, 提出了加快林木育苗产业化进程的对策建议。     

容器育苗质量调控技术研究评述*

综述了国内外容器育苗发展现状及研究进展．分别从育苗容器、育苗基质、水肥调控、化学调控、生物调控技术等方面对苗木质量的影响出发．阐述了苗木培育理论和调控技术的研究现状，提出了目前我国在容器育苗中存在的问题和建议。     

绿化苗木标准制定的现状与对策探讨

通过对绿化苗木生产、经营和标准制定现状的分析,阐述了缺乏绿化苗木标准所带来的负面影响和制定标准的必要性,提出了制定绿化苗木生产技术与质量标准、加强标准宣传与推广、实施严格的质量控制等实现绿化苗木生产标准化的对策。     

西部地区苗木生产跨越式发展分析

本文就西部地区主要造林树种的良种化、育苗基质、苗木培育工艺、苗木培育设施、苗圃管理等方面实现跨越式发展的经济及技术进行了分析，并提出了在跨越式发展中应该注意的问题。     

观赏苗木穴盘育苗技术

简要介绍了观赏苗木进行穴盘育苗的种子处理,基质处理,穴盘选择,播种设备,催芽处理,种苗培育等技术措施。     

国外林木容器育苗精量播种装备现状分析

简要阐述了林业容器育苗技术及其精量播种装备技术,介绍了国外几种典型林木容器育苗精量播种生产线概况,指出了我国现阶段林业容器育苗播种生产线装备在发展应用过程中存在的制约因素。     

张掖市北部荒漠区文冠果大田播种育苗试验

文冠果是我国北方新型的生物质能源树种,也是优良的防沙治沙树种和退耕还林树种。通过对文冠果苗圃地选择、种子处理、苗期管理等创新技术的阐述,对文冠果在不同播种方式下的发芽率、出苗率、生长量以及后期管理进行对比观察,从种子处理、播种及播种后管理等主要育苗技术环节入手,初步总结和掌握了文冠果大田引种育苗技术,为文冠果在荒漠区大...     

福建桉树组培苗嫩梢扦插育苗技术探讨

对福建桉树组培苗嫩梢扦插育苗采穗圃的建立与管理、穗条采集、扦插技术、扦插后的苗木管护,以及主要环境因子对扦插效果的影响等技术进行了探讨。     

木麻黄小枝水培容器苗培育技术总结

介绍木麻黄小枝水培容器培育技术的发展历程及其优缺点,着重阐述了水培苗培育和容器苗移植的技术要点,同时阐明了水培容器苗造林必须注意的事项。     

马尾松实生种子园种子增产效果分析

通过对马尾松实生种子园种子增产效果的分析,结果表明：5年生林分的平均树高、胸径、材积比当地一般林分种苗造林分别增长13.71%、19.66%、47.68%;11年生林分分别增长8.81%、10.19%、24.14%。马尾松改良采用营建实生种子园的改良技术可行,增产效益明显。     

不同处理方式对早期生长势弱草花种苗的影响

草花在园林景观利用的地位越来越来高,草花生产育苗技术是关键环节。有些草花种苗早期生长势较弱,导致种苗易倒伏,生长受影响,对生产高质量的草花种苗有制约。试验采用三种方法：直接平盘育苗、提前分穴盘、矮化处理,力求解决草花早期生长势弱的问题。结果表明：提前分穴盘有利于种苗生长,提高种苗质量。     

我国林木种苗基地发展的探讨

对我国林木种苗基地现状和存在问题分析的基础上,探讨我国林木种苗业基地的发展对策。     

如何防治松苗主要苗木病害的发生

松杉苗木是主要的造林绿化用苗,但由于苗期容易受到多种病害的危害,给生产造成了巨大损失。本文就松杉苗期病害的发生原因、主要症状及如何防治做了较详细的论述。