不同处理对野生猫爪草种子发芽特性的影响

采用浸种、干燥、低温、高锰酸钾、赤霉素、超声波等处理猫爪草种子,测定种子发芽时间、发芽率、发芽势并进行差异检验,以研究不同的处理方法对猫爪草种子发芽的影响及差异性,为野生猫爪草的大田栽培提供依据,提高猫爪草的繁殖系数。结果表明：各处理对猫爪草种子的发芽均有一定的影响,总发芽率：GA3 100〉GA3 50〉冷藏〉GA3 20〉GA3 10〉高锰酸钾〉烘干〉温汤浸种〉CK〉冷冻〉冷水浸种〉超声波〉晒干。猫爪草种子具有胚休眠特性。赤霉素处理、冷藏处理、高锰酸钾处理和烘干处理能显著提高发芽率、发芽势。大田种子繁殖猫爪草可采用先烘干后,冷藏处理与高锰酸钾溶液浸种相结合的方法。     

水稻光温敏核不育系新安S种子休眠特性研究

以海南收获的新安S种子为材料,对其休眠特性、休眠机理和解除休眠的方法进行了研究,从稃壳、α-淀粉酶活性、温度3个方面探讨休眠的机理,并采取了多种物理和化学方法解除休眠。结果表明,新安S种子具有深度休眠特性,休眠期为47~62 d;休眠种子的α-淀粉酶活性低于解除休眠后的种子;稃壳是影响新安S种子休眠的重要因素。高温干燥(45℃烘4 d)和剥壳处理以及适宜浓度的强氯精、H2O2、稀硝酸和GA3溶液浸种均能有效解除新安S种子的休眠。     

浸种和外源激素处理对毛马齿苋种子发芽的影响

为提高毛马齿苋种子播种出苗率,分析不同时间浸种以及采用GA3、NAA和6-BA 3种外源激素处理对其种子发芽的影响。结果表明：浸种处理没有提高毛马齿苋种子的发芽势和发芽率的效果;GA3、NAA和6-BA三种激素浸种处理均能提高毛马齿苋种子的发芽势和发芽率;最适宜的浸种浓度分别为GA3 30 mg/L、10～20 mg/L NAA或6-BA 30 mg/L。其中GA3有效浓度范围较宽泛,建议采用,但GA3处理不能解除该种子发芽的需光性。     

双氧水打破水稻恢复系种子休眠效应初探

水稻恢复系材料异地加代、繁种、发芽检验都必须考虑其种子休眠及如何打破休眠。试验表明,不同材料具有不同的休眠性或无休眠性,以1％～3％浓度的双氧水浸种恢复系材料打破种子休眠效果好,该浓度对无休眠性种子浸种同样适用,7％以上浓度对种子打破休眠具有抑制作用,浓度增加,抑制程度加强。     

GA3和6-BA对降香黄檀种子发芽的影响

用两种植物生长调节剂GA3和6-BA不同药剂浓度（0、20、40、80 mg/L）和不同浸种时间（3、6、12、24 h）处理带果荚和去果荚的降香黄檀种子,结果表明：去果荚的种子用GA340 mg/L溶液浸泡12 h的发芽率最高,达到78%,壮苗指数和根冠比最优,效果最好。     

不同生长调节剂处理对三种绿肥种子发芽率的影响

研究赤霉素（GA3）、6-苄氨基嘌呤（6BA）、萘乙酸（NAA）、吲哚丁酸（IBA）四种植物生长调节剂．设不同溶液浓度、不同浸种时间处理对爪哇葛藤、无刺含羞草及羽叶决明种子发芽率的影响,结果表明：生长调节剂对促进种子发芽率有一定作用;不同生长调节剂对不同”绿肥种子萌发的影响不尽相同,以GA3促萌发效果最好,以无刺含羞草受影响效果最显著;低生长调节剂浓度水平（15或25mg／L）和浸种24h或48h是较佳的处理组合,而高浓度的生长调节剂对促进发芽率无影响或有抑制作用。     

棉花种子休眠及破除休眠方法的研究

棉花种子休眠受多种因素的影响．种皮是影响棉种发芽的主要因素。种胚发育不良、种子成熟度差促使休眠程度加深。自然条件下晒种、35℃,24h以及双氧水、硫酸亚铁溶液浸种均可提高种子发芽率,打破休眠;其中以自然条件晒种、35℃预烘的方法简便、实用,效果较好。     

啤酒大麦种子的休眠及破除休眠的研究

试验主要以啤酒大麦为材料研究不同类型大麦种子休眠的差异及 7种处理破除大麦种子休眠的方法 ,结果表明 :在种子发育过程中 ,低成熟度种子的休眠能力大于未成熟种子 ,且低成熟度种子经短时间的贮藏休眠能力减弱 ;不同类型的大麦种子 ,裸大麦种子休眠短 ,在收获后 1～ 2周即通过休眠 ,大粒种子的休眠能力高于中小粒种子 ;破除大麦种子休眠的方法以H2 O2 间隙浸处和赤霉素浸种处理效果最佳     

CaCl_2和GA_3处理对布福娜种子出苗率和苗木质量的效应

[目的]研究不同处理方法对布福娜种子出苗率和苗木质量的影响。[方法]采用不同浸种溶液、浸种时间和处理方式进行三因素析因设计,应用隶属函数法对各处理组合效果进行评价。[结果]处理方式对地径影响不显著,浸种时间对出苗率影响仅呈现显著水平,药剂种类与浓度、浸种时间和贮藏方式三主因素对各指标均呈现差异极显著水平。[结论]隶属函数法得出用1%CaCl2+100 mg/L GA3溶液处理,处理时间为12 h,且采用低温沙藏的方式储藏,可显著提高布福娜种子的出苗率以及苗木质量。     

外源激素浸种对大麻种子萌发、生殖生长及四氢大麻酚的影响

以大麻种子为试验材料,探索4种外源激素乙烯利(ETH)、赤霉素(GA3)、激动素(KT)和生长素(IAA)浸种处理对大麻种子萌发、生殖生长和生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:KT、GA3与ETH在部分处理浓度条件下显著抑制种子萌发,而IAA浸种与对照相比未表现出显著差异; 100 mg/L的ETH处理可显著提高雌雄比例。另外发现GA3浸种和ETH浸种处理可显著降低四氢大麻酚(THC)的含量,并且在50 mg/L GA3条件下,1-脱氧-D-木酮糖-5-磷酸合成酶(DXS)活性与对照相比显著降低,而3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGR)活性却无显著变化。     

Effect of storage temperature and extraction methods on dormancy and germination of true potato seed

Seed treatments, methods of extraction and storage temperature were examined for effects on viability and dormancy of true potato seed. Dormancy of 4x?2x (S. tuberosum ×S. phureja) hybrids was eliminated after 7 months at room temperature and after 10 months at 4 C. However, data on the velocity and uniformity of germination (coefficient of velocity) revealed the presence of a residual dormancy that persists for nearly two years in seeds stored at 4 C, but which is largely eliminated after one year in seeds stored at room temperature. Seed viability was not affected by blender extraction, although seed extracted by hand gave a significantly lower initial coefficient of velocity (CGV). Application of gibberellic acid (GA, 1000 ppm) as a 24-hour soak to freshly extracted seed eliminates dormancy as effectively as GA applied during germination, and produces no deleterious effects on seed viability up to two years in storage. There were genotypic differences for seed dormancy within the tetraploid and diploid groups examined. SeveralS. tuberosum cultivars displayed a dormancy effect (lower CGV’s) in fresh seed that was not completely eliminated by GA, but which declines over time in storage.     

Shortening dormancy of seed potatoes by a haulm application of gibberellic acid and storage temperature regimes

In three experiments with cvs Diamant (short dormancy) and Désirée (long dormancy), the effect of a haulm application of gibberellic acid (GA) on the dormancy of seed potatoes harvested immature was investigated. Several storage temperature regimes were imposed to examine the interaction between GA and storage temperature. The storage regimes included 18 and 28 C continuously, hot pre-treatments of different duration (different periods at 28 C and subsequently 18 C) and a cold pre-treatment (20 days at 2 C and subsequently 18 C). A foliar spray of 375–750 g GA/ha 3–6 days before haulm killing shortened dormancy, and minimally induced sprouting before harvest. The magnitude of the GA effect depended on the cultivar and storage temperature regime. Compared to untreated tubers stored at 18 C, dormancy was shortened by about 40 days by a GA application and storage at 18 C (Diamant) or by about 90 days by a GA application and storage at 28 C (Désirée).     

Advancing growth vigor of seed potatoes by a haulm application of gibberellic acid and storage temperature regimes

Seed tubers that are planted soon after their harvest give low yields because of dormancy and low growth vigor. In the research reported in this paper, we investigated the advancing effect of a haulm application of gibberellic acid (750 g GA/ha) 6 days before haulm pulling and its interaction with storage temperature regimes on the growth vigor of immaturely harvested seed tubers of three cultivars. The effects on tuber yield were also examined in one experiment. The storage regimes were: 18 C continuously, hot pre-treatments of different duration (different periods at 28 C and subsequently 18 C) and a cold pre-treatment (20 days at 2 C and subsequently 18 C). Both a foliar spray with GA and storage at 28 C enhanced physiological aging of the tubers and greatly advanced the growth vigor, without negative effects on the morphology of the plants. There was a clear interaction between the GA treatment and the storage temperature regime. At early planting, the effect of the treatments on tuber yield were small for Diamant (short dormancy), but strongly positive for Désirée and Draga (long dormancy).     

植物生长调节剂对毛萼紫薇种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

自然条件下毛萼紫薇Lagerstroemia balansae结实率很高,但自然萌发率和成苗率极低。适合的植物生长调节剂处理种子,能够有效打破种子休眠、有效促进幼苗生长。本研究采用TTC染色法测定毛萼紫薇种子的生活力,比较5种植物生长调节剂GA3、TDZ、IAA、6-BA和NAA处理下毛萼紫薇种子的发芽率、发芽势及对幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:(1)毛萼紫薇种子生活力较低;(2)200 mg/L GA3处理的种子发芽势,发芽率较高,幼苗长势良好;其次是0.02 mg/L的TDZ处理,再次是200 mg/L IAA的处理;(3)1~20 mg/L的6-BA和NAA处理对毛萼紫薇种子的萌发无促进作用。上述结果表明:GA3、TDZ、IAA能有效促进毛萼紫薇种子的萌发及幼苗生长。     

Effect of cutting and gibberellin treatment on autumn-grown seed potatoes for spring planting

Summary Length of dormancy limits the use of autumn-grown seed potatoes for planting the spring crop. Trials of different treatments for breaking dormancy were carried out for four successive seasons (1958–1961). Cutting the seed and dipping in gibberellic acid (GA) was effective in breaking dormancy. Cutting two weeks before planting and dipping the seed pieces in a 1 ppm GA solution gave the best results. Instead of cutting, smaller sized seed can be pierced, thus enabling the entire yield of tubers to be used for seed. Higher concentrations of GA induced growth abnormalities in both plants and tubers without producing any improvement in the breaking of dormancy over the lowest concentration used (1 ppm). Physiological aspects of seed potatoes are discussed.

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Zusammenfassung In Israel wird der Gebrauch von Saatkartoffeln aus Herbsternte für die Frühjahrspflanzung durch die L?nge der Keimruhe beschr?nkt. W?hrend vier aufeinanderfolgenden Anbauperioden (1959–1961) wurden Versuche mit verschiedenen Behandlungen zur Brechung der Keimruhe durchgeführt. Durch Schneiden und Eintauchen der Saatknollen in Gibberellins?ure (GA) wurde die Keimruhe wirksam gebrochen. Die besten Ergebnisse wurden erzielt, wenn das Saatgut zwei Wochen vor der Pflanzung geschnitten und die Knollenstücke in eine GA-L?sung von 1 ppm eingetaucht wurden (Tabellen 1 und 2). Kleinere Saatknollen k?nnen statt geschnitten nur durchstochen werden, so dass der ganze Knollenertrag für Saatzwecke gebraucht werden kann (Tabelle 2). H?here GA-Konzentrationen führten zu Missbildungen sowohl der Pflanzen wie der Knollen, ohne eine Verbesserung im Brechen der Keimruhe gegenüber der niedrigsten angewendeten Konzentration (1 ppm) zu bewirken. Physiologische Aspekte der Pflanzkartoffeln werden besprochen.

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Résumé En Isra?l, la longueur de la dormance limite l’utilisation de plants de pomme de terre poussés en automne pour la plantation de printemps. Différents traitements pour rompre la dormance ont été effectués pendant quatre saisons successives (1959–1961). Le sectionnement des plants et le trempage dans l’acide giberellique (GA) sont efficaces pour rompre la dormance. Le sectionnement deux semaines avant la plantation et le trempage des fragments dans une solution à 1 ppm¹ de GA donnent les meilleurs résultats (Tableaux 1 et 2). Les petits plants peuvent être perforés plut?t que sectionnés, ce qui permet alors d’utiliser la récolte entière de tubercules comme plants (Tableau 2). Une plus haute concentration de GA provoquait le développement d’anomalies à la fois dans les plantes et les tubercules sans apporter d’avantage dans la rupture de la dormance, par rapport à la plus basse concentration utilisée (1 ppm¹). Le point de vue physiologique est discuté. ¹ppm.=partie par million.

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Publication of the National and University Institute of Agriculture, Rehovot, Israel. 1963 series. No. 571-E.     

Quality and germination capacity of seed material harvested from an Arrhenatherion meadow

Arrhenatherion meadows are an endangered type of semi‐natural grassland in Europe, and their conservation and restoration is an important policy objective. Recent research has led to development of techniques for harvesting seed material from regional donor sites and strategies for re‐establishment of species‐rich grassland, but their practical application requires that consumers are guaranteed sufficient seed quality of directly harvested material. Methods for the evaluation of purity, thousand seed weight (TSW) and germination capacity were developed and tested, a pre‐condition to define the optimal seeding rate for this vegetation type (2000–3000 seeds m^?2). The assessment was based on seed obtained by two harvesting techniques: on‐site threshing (OST) and seed stripping (SS). Materials from both methods obtained 63% pure seeds. The TSW differed significantly between harvesting methods: the OST provided greater seed weight (1·057 g) than the SS (0·84 g). Two trials were implemented to define criteria for the germination capacity test. Organic growing media obtained the best and most homogenous results in a first comparative germination test. In the second trial, different dormancy‐breaking treatments were compared, each with and without pre‐chilling, namely: addition of potassium nitrate (KNO₃), addition of gibberellic acid (GA3) and without addition of chemicals (WA). The germination capacity of the treated variants KNO₃, GA3 and pre‐chilling was lower than that for WA. The harvesting method significantly influenced quality and quantity of the seed material, whereas the substrate and dormancy‐breaking treatments had no effect.     

茶树新梢生育的内源激素水平及其调控机理（第二报）茶树休眠与内源激素的关

本文研究了不同茶树品种新梢夏季生长休止、冬季休眠与内源激素水平的关系。结果表明,内源激素水平差异及激素间的比值变化与新梢生长和休止密切相关,高含量IAA及高IAA／zeatin与IAA／GA3比值,导致夏季生长休止;高含量ABA及高BAB／GA3与ABA／zeatin比值,是诱发冬季休眠的主要原因。     

母体对小麦胚的ABA敏感性和种子休眠性的影响

种子休眠是品种穗发芽抗性的主导因素,休眠特性与母体效应和胚对ABA的敏感性均有密切关系。为了了解母体对小麦胚的ABA敏感性和种子休眠的影响,为抗穗发芽育种提供科学依据,对穗发芽抗性不同的小麦品种及它们正反交F1后代授粉后不同发育阶段的胚进行了ABA敏感性鉴定,并对收获前的籽粒发芽能力进行了测定。结果表明,在种子发育过程中,不同基因型的离体胚萌发能力存在差异,抗穗发芽品种的胚对ABA敏感性明显高于易穗发芽品种,胚对ABA的敏感性与其萌发能力关系密切,随着萌发能力的升高,胚对ABA的敏感性降低。在成熟种子中,F1的休眠性偏向于抗性亲本。尽管成熟种子和胚的休眠表现出一定的母体效应,但母体对发育至成熟过程中胚的ABA敏感性并没有影响。因而,母体对种子休眠的影响可能与胚的ABA敏感性无关。     

不同花生品种种子休眠特性的研究

休眠性是作物重要的农艺性状之一。本研究对31个刚收获的花生品种(系)进行发芽试验,以评价不同品种的休眠特性。结果表明,发芽率和萌发率都可以作为评价种子休眠性的指标。不同品种种子发芽率的变异范围为0～71.11%,20个品种(系)的发芽率低于10.0%,其中,徐9641等6个品种(系)的发芽率为0,表现为较强的休眠性;启海花生的发芽率为71.11%,休眠性较弱。相关分析表明,种子休眠性强弱与荚果、籽仁形状和小叶长度有关,长粒型种子和小叶较长的品种休眠性较强,而与其他农艺性状相关不显著。     

Correlation Between Parents and F1 and Combining Ability of Parents on Seed Dormancy in indica Rice （Oryza sativa）

Dormancy indices of hulled and dehulled seeds were investigated by using 19 cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines, 9 restorer lines and their 109 F1 hybrids of indica hybrid rice. The seeds of each F1 and the parents were harvested on 35 days after flowering. Combining ability was analyzed in 25 combinations made by 5 CMS lines and 5 restorer lines (North Carolina II mating design). The seed dormancy index of F1 was positively and highly significantly correlated with those of their parents and mid-parent value. Out of the 109 combinations, 82 combinations showed mid-parent heterosis, and 43 heterobeltiosis. Seed dormancy indices of F1s and their parents declined dramatically in dehulled seeds compared with hulled seeds, indicating that the hull played an important role in seed dormancy. However, the trends were similar in hulled seeds and dehulled seeds in terms of relationships between the seed dormancy indicices in F1 and their parents. The influence of hull on seed dormancy mainly depended on F1 genotype, not on the hull from maternal parent. The variances of general combining ability (GCA) in female and male parents occupied 59.2% and 31.1% of total variance, respectively. The variance of specific combining ability (SCA) in combinations occupied 9.7% of total variance, indicating that gene additive effects were principal. Among the 5 CMS lines, II112A had the highest GCA effect for seed dormancy, followed by D62A. Among the 5 restorer lines, IR112 had the highest GCA effect for seed dormancy, followed by 2786. These lines are elite parental materials for breeding F1 hybrid rice with stronger seed dormancy.