青海、陕西部分地区禾谷孢囊线虫 rDNA-ITS-RFLP的特征分析

 采自我国青海、陕西等省地11个寄生小麦的孢囊线虫群体经形态学鉴定为禾谷孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)。用PCR技术扩增获得的rDNA-ITS片段长度约为1 060 bp。用Hinf Ⅰ、Taq Ⅰ、Hpa Ⅱ、Hae Ⅲ、Pst Ⅰ、Alu Ⅰ 等6种限制性内切酶酶切ITS扩增产物;青海10群体YBT10A、HY65A、HY61B、ZHZ162B、HY5B、HHX8A、GH132A、HY92A、HY127B、DT142A 的6个酶的RFLP图谱完全一致;陕西YL4A群体的Hae Ⅲ、Hinf Ⅰ和Hpa Ⅱ酶切结果与青海群体的上述3种酶切结果相同,但Alu Ⅰ和 Pst Ⅰ的酶切结果比青海孢囊线虫群体都多1条1 060 bp片段,而YL4A群体Taq Ⅰ酶切结果较为复杂。对比已知Avenae组成员RFLP图谱,青海群体与北京房山H.avenae群体的RFLP图谱一致;而陕西YL4A的Alu Ⅰ图谱与H.avenae法国群体一致,Pst Ⅰ和Taq Ⅰ却与Avenae组成员已知酶切结果均不一致。河南3个禾谷孢囊线虫群体除Taq Ⅰ酶切结果比青海CCN群体多1条520 bp片段以外,其他5种酶的RFLP都一致,而与澳大利亚的禾谷孢囊线虫H.avenae群体的RFLP图谱一致。     

番木瓜抗环斑病毒突变体抗性遗传及RAPD标记

 ⁶⁰Coγ-射线处理番木瓜种子,从诱变一代中筛选到1株耐环斑病毒(PRSV)的变异植株(M₁),其侧芽组培后代(VM₁)部分植株也表现出了耐病性,以VM₁为母本进行回交,人工接种病毒鉴定回交后代(BM₂)的抗病性,结果为:在出自部分回交果实的BM₂群体中,包含有对PRSV Ys和Vb株系具抗性的植株,抗感分离比为1:1,但未发现抗Sm株系的植株;BM₂抗病两性株自交或以其为母本进行回交,分别获得诱变第三代(M₃)及回交诱变第三代(BM₃),人工接种PRSVYs株系,结果表明,BM₃抗感分离比也为1:1,因而认为辐射处理突变产生了具PRSV株系专化性的显性抗病基因,命名为Rys;但M₃抗感分离比不符合显性单基因3:1理论值,认为是单倍体选择的结果。运用BSA法,在BM₂中寻找到一个与抗病性密切相关的RAPD标记,经在BM₂、M₃及BM₃抗感群体中检验,可作为抗病育种的辅助选择标记。Rys是番木瓜栽培种中发现的第一个抗PRSV基因。     

斑翅果蝇的PCR-RFLP快速鉴定方法

应用PCR-RFLP技术分析斑翅果蝇及其相关种间的差异。选用果蝇COI基因通用引物并通过PCR扩增斑翅果蝇、亚艳丽果蝇等11种15个样品COI基因序列,对PCR产物进行回收和测序,根据测序结果及NCBI上序列比对结果,选用限制性内切酶ApaⅠ和HinfⅠ分别对果蝇COI基因PCR产物进行酶切,酶切产物经琼脂糖电泳分析。结果表明:同时使用ApaⅠ和HinfⅠ酶,可以将斑翅果蝇与其他种相区分。根据果蝇COI基因建立的PCR-RFLP技术可对斑翅果蝇快速、准确进行鉴定。     

拟悬铃木根结线虫及其相似种的rDNA-ITS-RFLP分析

本文用特异性引物F195和V5367,对拟悬铃木根结线虫和花生根结线虫的核糖体DNA内转录间隔区（rDNA-ITS）进行了PCR扩增,扩增产物用5种限制性内切酶Taq Ⅰ、Rsa Ⅰ、Msp Ⅰ、Cla Ⅰ、HaeⅢ进行限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）分析.Taq Ⅰ、Rsa Ⅰ、Msp Ⅰ、Cla Ⅰ酶切拟悬铃木根结线虫的rDNA-ITS扩增产物所获得限制性酶谱与花生根结线虫的限制性酶谱一致,只有HaeⅢ酶切拟悬铃木根结线虫和花生根结线虫的rDNA-ITS产物所得酶谱不同.rDNA-ITS扩增产物的HaeⅢ酶切图谱可以区分拟悬铃木根结线虫和花生根结线虫.     

番木瓜环斑病毒山东分离物的全基因组序列分析

Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is a major limiting factor to cucurbit production worldwide. One zucchini sample showing symptoms of leaf mosaic and fruit ringspot was collected from Ji’nan city of Shandong province. Primary experiments showed that the sample was infected with PRSV, which was designated as PRSV-SD accordingly. The complete genomic fragment of PRSV-SD was obtained with RT-PCR. The results of sequencing showed that the full genomic sequence of PRSV-SD was 1 0337 nucleotides (nt) excluding the 3′- terminal poly (A) tail. The 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions (UTR) were 90 and 206 nt, respectively. The putative polyprotein was 3 346 amino acids in length. Comparison of the PRSV-SD isolate with 18 other PRSV isolates revealed that they shared nucleotide identities of 82.1%~89.3% at the complete genomic levels and amino acid identities of 90.6%~94.7% for the polyprotein. No recombination was detected throughout the genome of PRSV-SD. Phylogenetic analysis with complete genomic sequences indicated that the PRSV isolates were clustered into two major groups: Asia and America and PRSV-SD was clustered to the Asia group. Selection pressure analysis revealed that all of the 11 proteins of PRSV-SD were under negative selection, but positive selection sites were detected in P1, P3, 6K1, NIa-pro and NIb. Our research results provide a theoretical foundation for the detection and prevention of PRSV. Key words:Papaya ringspot virus; complete genomic sequence; phylogenetic analysis; selection pressure; recombination 中图分类号:S436.429; Q939.46 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0412-0914(2018)02-0285-04 番木瓜环斑病毒(Papaya ringspot virus,PRSV)属于马铃薯Y病毒科(Potyviridae)马铃薯Y病毒属(Potyvirus)^[1]。根据寄主范围可划分为P和W 2个株系,其中P株系侵染番木瓜(Carica papaya L.)和葫芦科(Cucurbitaceae)作物,而W株系只侵染葫芦科作物,两者血清学反应密切相关。PRSV可引起植株叶片褪绿、花叶、卷曲等症状,在果实表面形成环斑。 PRSV于20世纪40年代末在美国首次报道,目前该病毒在巴西、印度、波兰等国均有发生^[2]。2000~2001年,PRSV使我国海南番木瓜损失严重。2005年以来,我国广东、四川先后检测到PRSV侵染罗汉果、苦瓜等葫芦科作物^[3]。2016年从山东西葫芦上检测到PRSV,该分离物属于W株系^[4]。我国关于PRSV进化的研究大多集中于P株系,有关W株系全基因组序列分析的报道相对较少。为了进一步研究我国PRSV-W株系的基因组特性,为PRSV的监测预警提供依据,我们测定了PRSV山东分离物的全基因组序列,并进行了核苷酸和氨基酸序列一致率、重组、系统发育和基因选择压力分析。 2期黄显德,等:番木瓜环斑病毒山东分离物的全基因组序列分析 植物病理学报48卷 1 材料与方法 1.1 材料 发病西葫芦样品采自山东省济阳县。大肠杆菌DH5α由本实验室保存。植物总RNA提取试剂盒TRIzol、DNA凝胶回收试剂盒等均购自北京全式金公司;Taq DNA聚合酶、 pMD18-T克隆载体等购自TaKaRa公司;SuperScript^TM Ⅳ逆转录酶购自Invitrogen公司。其他生化试剂及普通化学试剂均为进口或国产分析纯。 1.2 实验方法 1.2.1 扩增策略及引物合成 根据GenBank中PRSV基因组序列,设计引物分4段扩增基因组序列。根据所得序列设计5′-RACE引物扩增5′-端片段。测序后用SeqMan拼接得到全基因组序列。所用引物详见表1。 1.2.2 植物总RNA提取及RT-PCR扩增 按照RNA提取试剂盒说明书进行植物总RNA提取。以总RNA为模板,用随机引物反转录合成cDNA。通过4次PCR和5′-RACE扩增PRSV-SD基因组片段。 1.2.3 克隆及序列测定 电泳分离PCR产物,切胶回收后连接到pMD18-T载体上,转化E. coli DH5α感受态细胞,挑选阳性克隆进行核苷酸测序。     

ITS—RFLP分析进行昆虫病原线虫斯氏属和异小杆属的分类鉴定

本研究通过PCR扩增和六种限制性内切酶（AluⅠ，HinfⅠ，MboⅠ，RsaⅠ，HaeⅢ和PvuⅡ）酶切，对国内害虫防治上常用的几种昆虫病原线虫，包括斯氏属S.car-pocapsae,S.feltiae和S.glaseri以及异小杆属H.bacteriophora,H.zealandica,H.indicus和H.megidis等8个品系rDNA-ITS进行分析。建立起可以区分各线虫种的标准RFLP图谱。该方法快速简便，稳定可靠，需要的样品量少。可以用于新鲜的，或冻存的样品，甚至分析单条的线虫，不仅可进行昆虫病原线虫的快速分类鉴定。而且进一步可以应用于线虫田间释放的辅助监测。实际田间感染率的测定和线虫毒力的比较。     

山东省寄生烟草的孢囊线虫种类鉴定及种内群体间rDNA-ITS-RFLP分析

 在山东省5个植烟县/市采集烟草线虫土壤样本24份,其中10份土样中分离到孢囊线虫的孢囊,对之进行系统的形态学观测。孢囊阴门锥突出,双半膜孔,下桥和泡囊发达,阴门裂长（44.1±3.5） μm,阴门窗长（50.4±4.8） μm、宽（36.6±4.1） μm,下桥长（83.8±4.7） μm、宽（11.0±0.9） μm。利用大豆孢囊线虫特异性引物对分离到的孢囊线虫群体进行了分子鉴定。形态学和分子鉴定结果表明,山东省寄生烟草的孢囊线虫为大豆孢囊线虫Heterodera glycines Ichinohe,1952。对这10个孢囊线虫群体rDNA-ITS区进行了PCR扩增产物用7种限制性内切酶进行酶切和测序比对。发现,所有孢囊线虫群体均能扩增出一条大约1 000 bp大小的片段;用Alu Ⅰ、Bsh 1236 Ⅰ、Hae Ⅲ、Hha Ⅰ 、Mva Ⅰ 、Rsa Ⅰ酶切后,产生的酶切表型均相同;用Ava I酶切后,产生了2种酶切表型。所测孢囊线虫群体与GenBank收录的大豆孢囊线虫序列相似度高达99%以上。     

长沙地区7种寄主蚜虫的快速鉴定及其亲缘关系分析

以线粒体基因COI片段为基础,分别通过DNA条形码及PCR-RFLP(经Dra I,Hinf I,Ssp I,Taq I 4种限制性内切酶酶切)两种方法对长沙湖南农业大学地区7种寄主上的蚜虫进行了快速鉴定。两种鉴定方法结果均表明,7种寄主上的蚜虫分属豆蚜(Aphis craccivora)、桃粉大尾蚜(Hyalopterus pruni)、棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)、蚊母新胸蚜(Neothoracaphis yanonis)、绣线菊蚜(Aphis spiraecola)及莴苣指管蚜(Uroleucon formosanum)6种。其中,豆蚜、棉蚜、绣线菊蚜推测为同一个属,与传统分类结果一致。通过对比发现,在蚜虫分类鉴定上,PCR-RFLP技术不仅具有与DNA条形码相同的准确性,且有更加经济快速的优点。     

江西柑橘主产区柑橘衰退病毒分离株组群分析

为检测江西柑橘主产区柑橘衰退病毒分离株组群的构成情况,运用限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)对收集自江西柑橘14个主产区果园的CTV分离株进行分析。发现209份样品的CP/HinfⅠ酶切结果中182份样品表现出单一CP/HinfⅠRFLP谱型,占鉴定样品总数的87.1%,其中以CP/HinfⅠRFLP第3和第1组群的分离株构成为主,分别占样品总数的55.5%和26.8%;混合CP/HinfⅠRFLP组群样品占12.9%。本次检测中发现有1个分离株为第4组群,5个分离株为第5组群,可能为潜在的弱毒分离株。本次试验中检测的江西柑橘样品以CTV单一组群感染为主。     

PCR和Dig—cRNA探针检测番茄环斑病毒

利用根据ToRSV加拿大悬钩子株系核酸序列设计、合成的寡核苷酸引物进行PCR扩增试验,能成功地扩增ToRSV悬钩子株系的目标片段,但不能扩增苹果、樱桃株系的目标片段。 而ToRSV苹果株系的克隆pS_(64),经EcoRI酶切,再分别用~(32)P—UTP、Dig—11—UTP和SP_6RNA多聚酶转录出~(32)P标记、Dig标记的cRNA探针后,不仅能有效地检测出ToRSV的苹果株系,而且能有效地检测樱桃株系和悬钩子株系。~(32)P与Dig—标记的探针灵敏度基本相同,而Dig标记的探针无放射性,可以长期保存,多次使用,灵敏、准确、安全、经济,是值得推广应用的检疫新方法。     

小麦禾谷胞囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)的核糖体基因(rDNA)限制性片段长度多态性研究

 采用PCR技术扩增出中国和摩洛哥禾谷胞囊线虫群体的核糖体基因(rDNA)的内转录间隔区(ITS)片段的长度约为1 060 bp。用11种限制性内切酶(RE)酶切禾谷胞囊线虫ITS扩增产物,共产生27个酶切片段。用AluI和RsaI酶切ITS扩增产物证明中国禾谷胞囊线虫ITS属于"B型",而摩洛哥禾谷胞囊线虫ITS属于"A型"。用HinfI酶切后,7个中国禾谷胞囊线虫群体产生2个RFLP片段(860和200 bp),而摩洛哥群体产生3个RFLP片段(520、340和200 bp),HinfI揭示出中国与摩洛哥禾谷胞囊线虫ITS之间存在差异。AvaI和HindⅢ不能酶切禾谷胞囊线虫ITS。用CfoI、Bsh1236I、MsrFI、ScrFI、HaeⅢ和MvaI 6种RE酶切中国和摩洛哥禾谷胞囊线虫群体的rDNA-ITS,均分别得到相同类型的RFLP分布型,因此这6种RE不能揭示中国与摩洛哥群体的rDNA-ITS的差异。     

引起重庆主栽柑桔品种衰退病的病毒株系组群分析

 柑桔衰退病毒(CTV)存在着许多生物学特性不同的株系。通过铲除感染强毒株植株或利用弱毒株交叉保护的方式来防治柑桔衰退病都需要对CTV株系进行准确、可靠的鉴定。本文根据对CTV衣壳蛋白基因(CPG)的限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)分析,发现在重庆主栽柑桔品种的衰退病毒主要以CP/Hinf I RFLP第1、3和6组群为主,并且在田间以多株系混合感染为主。     

Biochemical and molecular diversity among Erwinia isolates from potato in Algeria

The variability within a collection of 100 isolates of Erwinia collected from various potato cultivars and locations in Algeria was studied using physiological, biochemical and molecular tests. The comparison of their biochemical characteristics with those of the type isolates CFBP 1526 ( E. carotovora ssp. atroseptica ), CFBP 2046 ( E. carotovora ssp. carotovora ) and CFBP 2048 ( E. chrysanthemi ) indicated that all the isolates collected in Algeria belonged to the species E . carotovora . They included 40 typical E. carotovora ssp. carotovora and 14 E. carotovora ssp. atroseptica ; the remaining 46 isolates could not be classified as E. carotovora ssp. atroseptica or ssp. carotovora , even though they were true Erwinia. Amplification of total genomic DNA with the primers Y1 and Y2, specific for E. carotovora , yielded an amplified fragment of the expected size in 99 isolates. The primers Y45 and Y46 specifically amplified a 439-bp DNA fragment in all E. carotovora ssp. atroseptica isolates tested, but not in isolates of the other E. carotovora subspecies or in atypical isolates, as expected from the characteristics of these primers . The digestion patterns of the 99 amplified products with the restriction enzymes Alu I, Hae II, Hpa II and Sau3A I yielded 12 RFLP groups, three of which were undescribed. The 14 isolates of E. carotovora ssp. atroseptica shared a single restriction pattern (RFLP group 1), while the typical isolates of E. carotovora ssp. carotovora and the atypical isolates composed the remaining groups (3, 4, 8–10, 12, 14, 22 and 25–27), reflecting the heterogeneity among these isolates.     

Note: Molecular identification of three entomopathogenic nematodes from turkey by PCR-RFLP of the ITS regions

Molecular identification methods are widely used for the classification of organisms worldwide. Entomopathogenic nematodes are the most often isolated insect parasitic nematodes in the tropical and subtropical regions. In our investigation, PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction — Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) of the ITS region (Internal Transcribed Spacer) on the ribosomal (r) DNA of three entomopathogenic nematodes isolated from Ankara, Turkey, was analyzed for identification. The ITS region of rDNA was amplified by PCR and then digested with the following nine restriction enzymes: Alu I, Dde I, Hae III, Hha I, Hind III, Hinf I, Hpa II, Rsa I and Sau 3AI. The amplified and restricted sequences of the ITS regions were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and the RFLP patterns of these three species were shown in this study. According to our results, these species were identified asSteinernema feltiae, Steinernema carpocapsae andHeterorhabditis bacteriophora. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 4, 2005.     

4种柑橘衰退病毒源单蚜传毒分离株CP基因的分子特征

 对4种柑橘衰退病毒源及其31个单蚜传毒分离株的CP基因做了限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)和单链构象多态性(SSCP)分析,并对其中8个单蚜传毒分离株的CP基因进行了序列分析。实验明确了所研究柑橘衰退病毒(Citrus tristeza virus,CTV)的CPG/Hinf I RFLP组群和CPG/SSCP模式,二者能较好地对应并有效验证了单蚜传毒对CTV毒源的分离纯化作用;CP基因序列分析结果表明,相同CPG/Hinf I RFLP组群的单蚜传毒分离株间具有高度的序列相似性,而不同CPG/Hinf I RFLP组群单蚜传毒分离株间则存在较大差异;通过与已知生物学特性CTV分离株比较,初步建立了上述CP基因分子特征与病毒生物学特性之间的联系。     

柑橘衰退病毒柚分离株的p25/Hinf1 RFLP分析

对123个柑橘衰退病毒柚分离株进行p25/Hinf1 RFLP分析明确:样品中,单一p25/Hinf1 RFLP组群样品占样品总量的82.9%,说明我国田间受侵染柚类中柑橘衰退病毒株系相对较为单一;RFLP组群6的样品占样品总量的79.7%,说明目前柚类生产上的优势流行株属于p25/Hinf1 RFLP组群6,初步认定为强毒株系;柑橘衰退病毒株柚分离株S102、S104、S106、S108属于p25/Hinf1 RFLP组群5,初步认定是弱毒株系。     

PCR primers for identification of opine types of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Agrobacterium tumefaciens</Emphasis> in Japan

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a rapid, precise method for detecting and identifying pathogenic bacteria. In addition to the published primers for identification of Agrobacterium tumefaciens up to species level, two sets of primers were designed to identify the nopaline and octopine types of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The RBF-RBR primer set designed based on the nopaline type T-DNA right border detected the nopaline type A208 and R225f strains, and the ocsF-ocsR primer set derived from the ocs gene of the octopine type A. tumefaciens detected the octopine type A348 strain. After polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) amplification by the RBF-RBR primers, the A208 and R225f strains could be differentiated from each other by restriction fragment length polymorphism digestion using the restriction enzymes DraI and XbaI. Multiple colonies can be screened at one time in a single PCR tube with satisfactory efficiency, thereby allowing rapid detection of pathogenic A. tumefaciens. Following a rough screening by classical biovar medium and -methyl-d-glucoside medium, the developed PCR system was introduced to identify isolates collected from soil and crown gall samples. Of 42 isolates determined to be A. tumefaciens, 7 were found to be octopine type; all the rest were R225f type.