Monitoring the helmintological situation in a large-scale reproduction of pigs]

In 1976 to 1978, the occurrence of helminths in a large reproduction herd of pigs was studied in different age categories of the animals kept. Six helminth species were found in 30.7% of the sows: Ascaris suum (6.6%), Oesophagostomum dentatum (24.0%), Hyostrongylus rubidus (3.3%), Trichocephalus suis (1.3%), Strongyloides ransomi (0.7%), Metastrongylus sp. (0.3%). Four- to seven-month-old auction gilts had only the eggs of A. suum (4% of all cases). No helminith eggs were found in fattened piglets. Breeding boars were invaded by the species O. dentatum, H. rubidus and Metastrongylus sp. In elite herds and in gilts introduced from these herds, a higher extensity of invasion by different helminth species was found during quarantine and the findings even included the eggs of the species Capillaria sp. The anthelmintic effectiveness of Helmirazin (SpOFA) was also tested: in A. suum its effectiveness was 77.1%, in O. dentatum 66.2%, in T. suis the preparation remained ineffective. The technology of large-scale pig breeding under the conditions of reproduction herd of the PM-013-AGP type appears to be suitable from the helminthological points of view. In the planned introduction of animals from other breeding establishments it is necessary to subject the gilts to double treatment with an effective anthelmintic.     

Efficacy of flubendazole against gastrointestinal and lung nematodes in pigs

Three trials were carried out on landrace pigs of various ages to assess the anthelmintic efficacy of flubendazole. The pigs were either artificially infected with Metastrongylus apri or naturally or artificially infected with the gastrointestinal nematodes Ascaris suum, Oesophagostomum dentatum or Hyostrongylus rubidus. For mass medication of young pigs and fatteners a dose regimen of 30 ppm flubendazole in the feed for 10 consecutive days was 100 per cent effective against the four nematode species. For individual medication a single dose of 5 mg/kg bodyweight administered in a small amount of feed was also 100 per cent effective. No side effects were observed.     

Helminth infections in Danish organic swine herds

In nine organic swine herds, faecal excretion and pasture contamination by parasite eggs/larvae were studied in a period from March to October 1999. It was shown that the organic pigs were infected with Ascaris suum (28% of weaners, 33% of fatteners, 4% of sows), Trichuris suis (4% of weaners, 13% of fatteners, <1% of sows) and Oesophagostomum spp. (5% of weaners, 14% of fatteners, 20% of sows) whereas no infections with Hyostrongylus rubidus, Metastrongylus spp. or Strongyloides ransomi were detected. Moreover, no pigs showed clinical signs of infestations with scabies or lice. In the soil samples, very few Trichuris eggs were found throughout the season, whereas Ascaris eggs were found in 14% of the soil samples from sow pastures and in 35% from slaughter pig pastures, with the first infective eggs being recorded in July and the maximum number in August. Infective Oesophagostomum larvae were found in the grass samples in increasing numbers from May to October. Single herd cases of exceptionally high parasite infection levels are described in relation to herd management procedures.     

苏云金芽胞杆菌伴胞晶体蛋白对猪体内蛔虫的作用及其血液生理生化指标的分析

感染性猪蛔虫卵以每头份3000个卵的量感染断奶仔猪，于第3天开始肌肉注射不同剂量苏云金芽胞杆菌晶体蛋白（insecticidal crystal proteins，ICPs），每天1次，连续4d。同时测定猪血液生理生化指标，饲喂2个月后收集猪粪便计算虫卵数。结果显示，感染猪出现咳嗽、发热等临床症状，GOT、GPT、ALP、LDH等指标明显升高，经ICPs治疗后又恢复正常。粪便检查，ICPs高剂量组（16．08mg）的EPG（每克粪便虫卵数）为0，而ICPs低剂量组（9．45mg）的EPG为394，未经ICPs作用对照组EPG为2113，差异极显著（P〈0．01），证明ICPs对猪体内猪蛔虫具有较好的杀灭作用。     

Resistance to Ascaris suum in parasite na?ve and naturally exposed growers, finishers and sows.

Commercially reared growers, finishers, and sows of Danish Landrace x Yorkshire crossbred were inoculated orally with Ascaris suum at 50 eggs kg-1 body weight. White spots on the serosal surface of livers and total larval recoveries from lungs were recorded 7 days later. The response in pigs originating from a specific pathogen free and parasite free herd (parasite na?ve) was observed in the three different age groups and compared with age-matched pigs from a herd maintained in a facility contaminated with A. suum (naturally exposed). The pre-inoculation immune status of the various groups was characterized serologically using antigen preparations derived from various stages of A. suum. Inoculation of all age groups of parasite na?ve pigs with A. suum eggs produced relatively high liver white spots and lung larvae, although expression of these counts as a percentage of the inoculum showed a moderate age-related resistance from growers to finishers to sows. In contrast, pigs naturally exposed to A. suum expressed strong immunity to a challenge infection as few or no larvae were detected in the lungs. In addition, growers, finishers, and sows from the naturally exposed herd had significantly higher levels of serum IgG/IgA to several different A. suum antigens compared with pigs from the parasite nave herd. Liver white spots, expressed as a percentage of the inoculum, were highest in growers from the naturally exposed herd but were markedly reduced in finishers and sows from that herd. In fact, few or no white spots were observed in naturally exposed sows, while sows from the parasite-na?ve herd had in excess of 300 liver white spots following challenge. These results indicate that commercially raised pigs that are exposed to A. suum develop a strong protective immunity that ultimately produces a complete pre-hepatic barrier to larval migration, while pigs raised parasite free remain susceptible to infection.     

Tumor necrosis factor-like cytotoxicity and anorexia in Ascaris suum infected pigs

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Like Cytotoxicity (TNF-LC) was examined in sera from 12 pigs experimentally infected with Ascaris suum. The difference of TNF-LC levels between eight infected and four uninfected controls was not significant. When an endotoxin challenge was intravenously administered 1 month after the first dose of A. suum, the levels of TNF-LC in the sera of infected pigs were one-third that of the controls 125 min post-challenge (PC). In a more detailed study on four infected and two uninfected control pigs, TNF-LC was monitored every 10-15 min until 125 min after endotoxin challenge. The TNF-LC levels in these pigs increased at 40 min PC, reached maximum in another 10-25 min and then decreased. This pattern was seen in all except one infected pig. The infected pigs showed milder shock symptoms and their serum TNF-LC levels returned to pre-challenge levels 30 min earlier than controls.     

Efficacy of moxidectin 0.5% pour-on against swine nematodes

Forty pigs with induced infections of Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, Metastrongylus spp., Oesophagostomum dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum were assigned to five-dose groups of moxidectin 0.5% pour-on with eight pigs per dose group. The doses were: moxidectin, 0 (vehicle control), 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, and 1.50 mg/kg(-1) body weight. Worm egg counts (EPG) were made from fecal samples collected on Day 2 pretreatment and on Day 14 or 15 post-treatment. Animals were ranked according to the descending order of A. suum egg counts made on Day 2 and blocked in groups of five. Pigs in blocked groups were assigned randomly to each of the five dose groups. Treatment doses were calculated on the basis of weights taken on Day 1 and were administered topically from the neck to the base of the tail. Pigs were housed by pairs in individual pens provided with self-feeders and automatic waterers. Necropsies were performed on equal numbers of pigs from each treatment group on days 14 and 15 post-treatment. Adult and larval worms were collected, identified and counted by standard parasitological techniques. All counts were transformed by Y=log10 (count+1) transformation prior to analysis. A two-way analysis of variance was conducted and treatment effect was tested for significance at the 5% level. Efficacies based on geometric means and optimal doses were as follows: Ascaris suum, 98.3% at 1.25; Metastrongylus spp., 100% at 0.75; Oesophagostomum quadrispinulatum, 100% at 1.50; and Trichuris suis, 93.5% at 0.75. Efficacy for O. dentatum was from 81.3% to 100%; however, the average number of O. dentatum (30) was too small for significance. Two species of lungworms were present, Metastrongylus apri and M. pudendotectus but they were not speciated at necropsy. As reported for several anthelmintics, the efficacy of moxidectin was variable for Trichuris. The highest efficacy was in the 0.75 dose group with six pigs harboring a few or no worms. The lowest efficacy was in the 1.25 group with only two pigs harboring a few or no worms.     

Prevalence of helminth infections in swine in Denmark

During 1982-1984 the occurrence of helminths in 66 sow herds was determined by examining faecal samples from swine of different age groups. Ascaris suum was found in 88% of the herds, while Oesophagostomum spp. and Trichuris suis were found in 58 and 23% of the herds, respectively. Strongyloides ransomi and Hyostrongylus rubidus was not identified in any of the herds. The occurrence of both A. suum and Oesophagostomum spp. was strongly related to the age of the animals. A. suum was most frequently found in growing pigs (30% of the fatteners and 25% of the gilts), whereas only 11-19% of the animals of the adult stock were excreting eggs. In contrast the prevalence of Oesophagostomum spp. increased with the age of the hosts, from 10% of the fatteners to 35 and 44% of the sows and boars, respectively. T. suis occurred only very sporadically, with the highest prevalence being 3% in the gilts. In comparison to previous Danish surveys the present mean prevalences of A. suum and Oesophagostomum spp. were low. Extremely low herd prevalences were found among large herds with intensive management and housing. In these herds, the pigs were infected at a later stage in life than pigs in more traditionally managed herds.     

A comparison of the efficacy of two ivermectin formulations against larval and adult Ascaris suum and Oesophagostomum dentatum in experimentally infected pigs

A study was conducted to evaluate and compare the efficacy of two injectable formulations of ivermectin (IVM-1 and IVM-2) at a dose rate of 0.3 mg/kg bodyweight versus placebo in the treatment and control of larval and adult stages of Ascaris suum and Oesophagostomum spp. in experimentally infected pigs. Seventy helminth free pigs were allocated on a liveweight basis to 7 groups each comprising 10 pigs (A-G). Group A served as an untreated control group. Groups B and C were used to investigate the efficacy of both formulations against adult stages of A. suum and Oesophagostomum spp., Groups D and E for efficacy against larval stages of A. suum and Groups F and G for efficacy against larval stages of Oesophagostomum spp. Pigs of groups A, B, C, D and E were infected on Day-0 with 1000 infective A. suum eggs each. Infective larvae of Oesophagostomum spp. (10,000/pig) were given on Day-0 to pigs of Groups F and G and on Day-21 to pigs of Groups A, B and C. Treatment was given to pigs of Group A (saline as placebo) on Day-7 and -28, IVM-1 to pigs of Group F on Day-7, pigs of Group D on Day-14 and pigs of Group B on Day-49. IVM-2 was given to pigs of Group G on Day-7, Group E on Day-28 and Group C on Day-49. Pigs of Groups F and G were sacrificed on Day-28, pigs of Groups A, D and E on Day-49 and pigs of Groups B and C on Day-56. Post mortem worm counts showed the following efficacies: (IVM-1) against larval A. suum 100%, against adult A. suum 94.4%, against larval Oesophagostomum spp. 52.0% and against adult Oesophagostomum spp. 83.0%. (IVM-2) against larval A. suum 100%, against adult A. suum 90.3%, against larval Oesophagostomum spp. 94.0% and against adult Oesophagostomum spp. 94.7%.     

Survey of internal parasites in Western Australian pig herds. 1. Prevalence

Between September 1982 and March 1984, 101 Western Australian piggeries with 15 or more sows were surveyed to determine the prevalence of internal parasites and examine the relationship between parasitism and management practices. Faecal samples were collected from 20 pigs in 4 age groups in randomly selected piggeries, and examined for the presence of eggs of helminth parasites and protozoan cysts. Evidence of nematode parasites was found in 79% of piggeries. Sows were more commonly affected than other classes of pigs with worm eggs being found in 68% of herds. Oesophagostomum spp was the most prevalent worm species, being found in pigs from 65% of piggeries and in sows in 60% of herds. Ascaris suum was the most common species of worm found in growing pigs. There was no evidence of infection with either Metastrongylus spp or Strongyloides spp in any of the herds sampled. Oocysts of coccidia were found in pigs from 56% of piggeries and Balantidium coli cysts were detected in pigs from 42% of piggeries sampled.     

Parasite transmission in confined hogs

Examinations of fecal specimens from swine of all ages maintained in a totally enclosed confinement facility in south Georgia were conducted in a 5-year survey (1977-1981) to determine the prevalence, intensity, and transmission patterns of intestinal nematode and protozoan parasites. Weaned pigs in the nursery had no detectable parasitic infections except sporadic Isospora suis in newly weaned pigs. Growing-finishing hogs had a low prevalence of Ascaris suum, Oesophagostomum spp. and Balantidium suis. Mean A. suum prevalence and mean eggs per gram feces (EPG) increased until about 200 days of age and then declined. Oesophagostomum spp. and B. suis prevalence and intensity tended to increase throughout life. Gilts (mean age 273 days) in the gestation unit had a higher (P less than 0.01) prevalence of A. suum and lower (P less than 0.01) prevalences of Oesophagostomum spp. and B. suis than sows (mean age 706 days). Similarly, A. suum EPG was higher (P less than 0.01) and Oesophagostomum spp. EPG and B. suis cysts per gram feces (CPG) were lower (P less than 0.01) in gilts than in sows. No evidence for a peri-parturient increase in parasite eggs or cysts was found. Instead, there was a higher prevalence of B. suis (P less than 0.01) in gestating than in lactating animals and more lactating sows than gestating sows were negative for parasites (P less than 0.01). Apparent differences due to location (gestation unit or farrowing unit) were largely attributable to age differences. Trichuris suis infections were rare and not shown to be established in the herd. Strongyloides ransomi in suckling piglets was controlled by anthelmintic therapy. I. suis occurred in piglets throughout the study but was never found in sows in the farrowing unit, either before or after birth of a subsequently infected litter of piglets. No parasites requiring intermediate hosts occurred.     

Transmission of intestinal helminths in Danish sow herds.

Faecal samples from sows and their litters, all untreated with anthelmintics, were examined in eight sow herds, ranging from very intensive to very traditional management. Four helminth genera were recorded, namely Oesophagostomum sp., Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis and Strongyloides ransomi. The herds with the most intensive management were only infected with A. suum, while the more traditionally managed herds were infected with three or four species. In one herd, the sows showed a small relative increase in the excretion of Oesophagostomum eggs during lactation, but in general there was no consistently observable peri-parturient increase in faecal egg output. Furthermore, faecal examination of 5-12-week-old pigs indicated that sow-to-piglet transmission was important in the traditionally managed herds, while it was negligible in the intensive herds. A seasonal variation in the excretion of Oesophagostomum sp. and A. suum eggs was observed in the youngest pigs in the traditional herds, with the highest faecal egg counts occurring in the summer and autumn. However, this pattern became indistinct during the fattening period and did not exist in the sows, except for A. suum infections in the heavily infected traditional herds. The helminths egg excretion in the intensive herds did not show any seasonal variation.     

Susceptibility of fourth-stage Ascaris suum larvae to fenbendazole and to host response in the pig

Fenbendazole given at the rate of 2.5 g/kg of feed for 3 days had 100% efficacy against 4th-stage Ascaris suum larvae in 8 pigs. Eight control pigs had a total of 108 A suum. In 6 pigs infected 3 times with 3rd-stage A suum larvae and treated with fenbendazole after the larvae molted to the 4th stage, the challenge exposure-derived population was decreased by 64%. Similar sequential infections in 6 pigs similarly infected, but not treated with fenbendazole, decreased the challenge exposure-derived population by 98%; however, developing and/or adult worms from the vaccinating infections were present.     

Some aspects of nematode infection in pigs from small herds

Two traditionally maintained, small herds from southern Poland, with 8 and 12 sows, respectively, were surveyed coprologically during 2006-2007. In one of the herds, while deworming a group of sows with levamisole, faecal samples were collected on Day -7, Day 0 (the day of treatment) and Day 10, in order to assess the therapeutic effect of the drug. Coprological investigation was performed also in 26 fatteners originating from other small farms and slaughtered in a local abattoir, with their intestines washed through for the presence of roundworms. In both herds examined, Ascaris suum and Oesophagostomum spp. were prevalent, whilst Trichuris suis appeared only very rarely. Mainly fatteners, replacement gilts and young sows were highly infected with A. suum. The roundworm occurrence in 2- 3-week-old piglets, with the intensity of 300 eggs per gram of faeces (EPG), indicated the possibility of parasite transmission to offspring very early in age. The highest level of Oesophagostomum spp. infection was observed in sows, but weaners were also much affected. For the group of dewormed sows, the mean faecal egg count reduction (FECR) was estimated to be 77.1- 80.4%, suggesting the presence of resistant nodular worms. A very high false-positive A. suum egg counts found in slaughtered animals (240 to 320 EPG) testified to a high contamination level of the environment of small piggeries, as well. Since the reciprocal transmission of parasites between pigs and poultry might occur, it implies that the flocks should be raised separately.     

Evaluation of fenbendazole as an extended anthelmintic treatment regimen for swine

Fenbendazole was given in the feed to swine at a cumulative dosage of 9 mg/kg of body weight over a period of 3, 6, and 12 days to compare efficacy. Four treatment groups of ten 2- to 3-month-old pigs each, with a mean of 15 kg of body weight per group, received 3 mg of fenbendazole/kg/day for 3 days, 1.5 mg/kg/day for 6 days, 0.75 mg/kg/day for 12 days, and no medication. Medicated feed was scheduled so that all treated pigs reached the last day of treatment on the same day, thus making the time between the last treatment and necropsy equal for all groups. Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis were the target species, their presence before treatment being determined by fecal egg counts and at necropsy by worm counts. At necropsy, 9 control pigs were infected with A suum (mean of 18.0 worms/pig), and all control pigs had T suis infection (mean of 36.5 worms/pig). All 3 treatment schedules were 100% effective in removal of A suum; and for T suis, the 3-day regimen was 100% effective, the 6-day regimen, 99.2%, and the 12-day regimen, 91.0%.     

Efficacy of an in-feed ivermectin formulation against gastrointestinal helminths, lungworms, and sarcoptic mites in swine

The efficacy of ivermectin as an in-feed formulation was evaluated against naturally acquired gastrointestinal helminths, lungworms, and sarcoptic mites (experiment 1; n = 24) and against induced infection with intestinal nematodes (experiment 2; n = 24) in pigs. Treatments consisted of ivermectin administered in feed at concentrations calculated to provide 100 or 200 micrograms/kg of body weight/d for 7 days or of nonmedicated feed (controls) for 7 days. At concentration of 100 micrograms of ivermectin/kg/d, efficacy against naturally acquired infections was 97.7% for Ascaris suum, 97.8% for Metastrongylus spp, greater than 99% for Oesophagostomum spp, 100% for Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus, and 89.7% for Ascarops strongylina. Against induced infections (fourth-stage larvae), efficacy was 100% for A suum and 96.9% for Oesophagostomum spp. At concentration of 200 micrograms of ivermectin/kg/d, efficacy against naturally acquired infections was 100% for A suum, Hyostrongylus rubidus, Metastrongylus spp, and Ascarops strongylina; greater than 99% for Oesophagostomum spp; and 85.9% for Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus. Against induced infections (fourth-stage larvae), efficacy was 100% for A suum and 95% for Oesophagostomum spp. At concentrations of 100 and 200 micrograms of ivermectin/kg/d, efficacy against Sarcoptes scabiei var suis was evidenced by elimination of the mite by posttreatment day 14.     

Influence of an experimental infection of Ascaris suum on performance of pigs

Thirty-two pigs (average 26.6 kg live weight) were individually housed and fed to study the effect of an infection of Ascaris suum (either 0, 600, 6,000 or 60,000 A. suum eggs/pig) on performance of growing-finishing pigs. Increasing the level of A. suum infection produced linear (P less than .07) and quadratic (P less than .09) effects on final weight, weight gain and average daily gain. Feed to gain ratio and number of A. suum worms recovered from the intestines of pigs at slaughter increased linearly (P less than .01) with increasing doses of A. suum eggs. Pigs receiving 60,000 A. suum eggs were 13% less (P less than .01) efficient than the noninfected controls. In each of two trials, eight crossbred barrows (15.7 kg in trial 1 and 16.1 kg body weight in trial 2) were examined for the effects of two levels of A. suum infection (0 and 20,000 eggs/pig) on digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude protein and gross energy. The infection did not affect (P greater than .05) digestibility coefficients during the first two collection periods (d 6 through 10 and 19 through 23). However, digestion coefficients for dry matter, crude protein and gross energy obtained from the total collection period on d 33 through 37 postinfection were greater (P less than .01) for control pigs than for pigs given 20,000 A. suum eggs each. Also, N retention was greater (P less than .05) for control pigs than for infected pigs.     

The prevalence of internal and external parasites in pigs of different ages and sexes in Southeast District, Botswana

Botswana imports most pig-based products from neighbouring countries. Pig farming is limited by, among other things, the negative effect of parasites and diseases on production. The object of this study was to determine the prevalence of ecto- and endoparasites in pigs of different ages and sexes in the Southeast District of Botswana. Thirty-nine pigs were sampled for endoparasites and 19 for ectoparasites during a period of 2 1/2 months. Of all the pigs sampled, 54,55% were infected with Ascaris suum, 20,45% with Trichostrongylus spp. and 6,82% with Trichuris suis. Ascaris suum was found to be the most common endoparasite infesting both mature, i.e. 12 months and older, and young, i.e. less than 12 months old, pigs. Although not significantly different (P > 0,05), the prevalence of this parasite species was slightly higher (68,42% with an average of 1,023 +/- 545 eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces per pig) in mature than in young pigs (55% with an of average 1,500 +/- 846 EPG of faeces per pig). The prevalence of Trichostrongylus spp. was lower in mature (5,26% with 20 +/- 14 EPG of faeces per pig) than in young pigs (25% with 22 +/- 9 EPG of faeces per pig). The prevalence of T. suis was also lower in mature (0% infection) than in young pigs (15% with 9 +/- 4 EPG of faeces per pig). The prevalence of the three endoparasite species was not significantly different between the sexes A. suum (1,020 +/- 883 v. 1,503 +/- 522 EPG of faeces per pig), Trichostrongylus spp. (24 +/- 14 v. 18 +/- 8 EPG of faeces per pig) and T. suis (11 +/- 6 v. 2 +/- 4 EPG of faeces per pig) for male and female pigs respectively. Sarcoptes scabiei was the only ectoparasite identified on the pigs sampled for external parasites. It infested 40% of all pigs but the infestation on young pigs (70%) was higher than on the mature ones (33,33%). Since the infection of internal and external parasites was similar in young and old pigs of both sexes, controlling parasites is of great importance since these generally lead to reduced production and are also of public health concern. It is recommended that a further study be carried out to investigate the effect of internal and external parasites on productivity.     

Evaluation of a serodiagnostic test using Ascaris suum haemoglobin for the detection of roundworm infections in pig populations

The significant economical consequences of infections with Ascaris suum in pigs are already well documented. However, due to the subclinical nature of the disease and the lack of practical diagnostic means, ascariasis often remains undiagnosed. Here we describe the development and evaluation of a novel indirect ELISA using the purified A. suum haemoglobin (AsHb) molecule as an antigen. Initial validation using sera from 190 pigs experimentally infected twice a week with A. suum and Trichuris suis (25 and 5eggskg(-1)day(-1) respectively) demonstrated that the AsHb ELISA is able to detect long-term exposure to A. suum with a high sensitivity and specificity (99.5% and 100.0% respectively). Furthermore, this serological technique proved to be more sensitive than faecal examination on week 7 and 14 of the experiment (99.5% and 100% compared to 59.5% and 68.4% respectively). Cross-reactivity caused by T. suis infection was shown to be limited after analysing sera from pigs with an experimental T. suis mono-infection. Seroconversion was shown to occur from week 6 onwards in pigs receiving 100 A. suum eggs 5 times a week. Preliminary testing of the ELISA on six randomly selected farms confirmed the results obtained in the artificial infection trials, showing a higher sensitivity of the serologic method compared to faecal examination. Finally, the ELISA was used to investigate Ascaris infection rates on 101 conventional Flemish pig farms. The results showed that on 38.6% of the farms less than 20% of the tested samples were seropositive, while in 19.8% of the farms 80-100% of all pigs were seropositive. The results of this study suggest that the AsHb ELISA could provide pig farmers and veterinarians with an easier and more sensitive way to estimate the overall prevalence of A. suum on their farm.     

害获灭注射剂对猪体内外寄生虫的驱虫试验

应用害获灭注射剂分别按0.2、0.3、0.4mg/kg剂量经皮下注射给药,进行对猪自然感染寄生虫的驱除效果观察。结果：在给药后7、14d临床检查,0.2mg/kg剂量对猪血虱驱虫效果达中效;0.3、0.4mg/kg剂量对猪血虱的驱虫率均达100.00%,用药后至出栏的几个月内未出现复发。在给药后14d粪检,0.2mg/kg剂量组对猪蛔虫虫卵减少率为89.57%;0.3、0.4mg/kg组虫卵减少率均达100.00%。表明害获灭注射剂0.3、0.4mg/kg剂量驱除猪蛔虫和猪血虱高效安全。