植物提取物对瘤胃发酵调控的研究进展

瘤胃微生物虽然可发酵饲料产生挥发性脂肪酸和微生物蛋白为反刍动物供应能量和蛋白质,但是这种发酵过程会造成能量(甲烷排放)和蛋白质(氨氮流失)的损失,从而降低反刍动物的生产性能和污染环境。离子载体抗生素在减少瘤胃能量和蛋白质损失方面效果显著,但是其应用越来越受到限制。因此,寻求抗生素替代物来调控瘤胃发酵成为科学家们研究的热点。近年来,大量研究表明,植物提取物中含有皂苷、挥发精油和单宁等多种生物活性成分,具有抗菌、促生长、提高免疫力和抗氧化等功能,同时具有调控反刍动物瘤胃发酵模式,降低饲料蛋白质损失,减少甲烷排放的功能。文章针对应用于反刍动物饲料的植物提取物的来源、种类、组成特性和应用做了综述,以期为我国植物提取物的产品开发和利用提供参考。     

植物精油调控反刍动物瘤胃发酵的研究进展

饲料在反刍动物瘤胃内发酵过程中,造成能量和蛋白质的流失,降低饲料利用效率。植物精油因其低毒副作用及其所具有的天然性、营养性和生物活性,对反刍动物瘤胃发酵具有积极的调控作用,成为抗生素的理想替代品之一。文章主要综述了植物精油对反刍动物瘤胃微生物及瘤胃发酵的影响及调控作用。     

反刍动物瘤胃发酵调控措施

本文论述了通过改变日粮、添加离子载体、饲用微生物及利用基因工程技术等手段对瘤胃发酵进行调控的作用瘤胃发酵调控的机理,探讨瘤胃调控目前面临的问题和对未来的展望,以便更好地调节瘤胃发酵使反刍动物达到稳定高效的生产目标。     

植物提取物调控瘤胃发酵的研究进展

植物提取物因其低毒副作用及所具有的独特天然性、营养性和生物活性,成为抗生素的理想替代品之一。许多植物提取物可用于调控单胃动物和反刍动物的消化道功能。本文旨在阐述精油、皂苷和大蒜提取物等植物提取物对反刍动物瘤胃发酵的影响,探讨其作用机理及作为瘤胃发酵调控剂的可行性。     

植物提取物对反刍动物瘤胃发酵、甲烷产量及生产性能影响的研究进展

植物提取物中含有生物碱、皂苷、单宁和多糖等多种生物活性成分,具有抗菌、促生长、提高免疫力等功能,可以调控反刍动物瘤胃发酵模式,提高氮利用率,降低甲烷排放和提高动物生产性能等,是一种理想的抗生素替代品.文章综述植物提取物对反刍动物瘤胃发酵、甲烷排放、氮利用率和生产性能方面的调控作用,为植物提取物在反刍动物方面的研究和实际...     

植物提取物对瘤胃发酵的调控作用

<正>与单胃动物不同,反刍动物能够大量地利用粗纤维饲料,这应归功于反刍动物特有的瘤胃发酵功能,即瘤胃微生物能够降解结构性碳水化合物,合成微生物蛋白,给反刍动物提供能量和优质的蛋白质。然而,     

植物精油调控反刍动物瘤胃发酵和甲烷排放的研究进展

植物精油是一类从植物中萃取出来的具有芳香气味的油状液体,具有广谱抗菌性,对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均有一定的抑制作用。植物精油可减少反刍动物瘤胃中蛋白质的降解,降低其氨排放量,从而调控瘤胃中的氮代谢。植物精油在抑制反刍动物肠道甲烷排放方面表现出积极作用,具有作为饲料添加剂来调控瘤胃发酵的潜质。该文旨在阐述植物精油对瘤胃发酵和甲烷排放的调控作用,探讨其在生产中广泛应用的可行性。     

植物提取物对反刍动物生产性能及瘤胃发酵的影响

长期使用抗生素会引发耐药菌的产生,对动物和人的健康带来安全隐患,因此,研究开发新的天然饲料添加剂成为近年来的热点。本文讨论了植物及植物提取物（单宁、挥发油等）对反刍动物生产性能及消化,特别是对瘤胃发酵作用方式的影响。     

皂苷调控反刍动物瘤胃发酵和生产性能的研究进展

饲料在反刍动物瘤胃中的发酵过程,不仅会造成能量和氨态氮的损失,动物生产性能的降低,而且还对环境造成污染.皂苷是一类对反刍动物瘤胃发酵有调控作用的植物次级代谢产物.本文主要综述了皂苷的化学结构、分布和存在形式及其对反刍动物瘤胃发酵和生产性能影响的最新研究进展,为我国开展皂苷作为反刍动物瘤胃发酵调控添加剂的研究提供参考.     

药用植物提取物对绵羊采食量、养分消化及瘤胃发酵性能的影响

文章旨在探讨日粮添加不同水平药用植物提取物对绵羊采食量、采食行为、养分消化及瘤胃发酵性能的影响.试验将60头平均体重为82.76 kg的绵羊随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复4头.3组绵羊在10?w的试验期中分别饲喂基础日粮+0、80和160?mg/kg药物复合植物提取物.结果:80?mg/kg植物提取物组绵羊的平均...     

竹叶提取物对肉牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵特征及微生物数量的影响

试验研究竹叶提取物对肉牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵特征及微生物数量的影响.选取24头6月龄、体重(259.30±12.17) kg的西门塔尔杂交公牛,随机分为4组,每组6个重复.各组肉牛日粮中分别添加0(对照组)、40、80、120 g/d竹叶提取物,试验期180 d.结果 显示,80 g/d组肉牛的平均日增重和平均干物质采食...     

Effect of ginkgo extract supplementation on in vitro rumen fermentation and bacterial profiles under different dietary conditions

Ginkgo extract was applied to a batch culture study and evaluated for its potential as a feed additive for ruminant animals under different forage‐to‐concentrate (F:C) ratios (1:9, 3:7, 5:5, 7:3 and 9:1). Rumen fluid was mixed with respective diet and incubated at 39°C for 24 h with and without ginkgo extract (1.6% fruit equivalent in culture). Methane production was significantly decreased by ginkgo extract, with the greatest reductions found in the 5:5 (41.9%) followed by the 7:3 ratios (36.7%). Total short chain fatty acid and ammonia levels were not affected by ginkgo extract supplementation in any of the five different diets. However, ginkgo extract increased propionate proportion and decreased acetate proportion in all dietary conditions tested. The levels of total bacteria, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus albus and Fibrobacter succinogenes were decreased by ginkgo extract. The levels of Selenomonas ruminantium, Anaerovibrio lipolytica, Ruminobacter amylophilus, Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens and Megasphaera elsdenii were increased by ginkgo extract supplementation, possibly contributing to the higher propionate production. These results suggest that rumen modulation by ginkgo extract can be achieved at a wide range of F:C ratios with no adverse impact on feed digestion. Moreover, F:C ratios of 5:5 and 7:3 may be optimal when methane mitigation is expected.     

Research progress of rumen hydrogen sulfide production in ruminants

Rumen fermentation can produce hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), and H₂S can be rapidly absorbed by the intestinal wall in nature. If excessive H₂S was produced in rumen, it might be toxic to ruminants. This article reviews the research progress of toxicity of H₂S, rumen H₂S production pathway and its influential factors to lay a foundation for further research and application of rumen H₂S‐producing regulation in ruminant.     

反刍动物过瘤胃淀粉研究进展

过瘤胃淀粉是高产反刍动物葡萄糖的重要来源之一。本文阐述了过瘤胃淀粉在反刍动物营养中的作用,以及提高饲料过瘤胃淀粉比例的处理方法,并根据近年来的应用研究状况,提出了过瘤胃淀粉在应用中存在的问题及今后的研究方向。     

Effects of pure plant secondary metabolites on methane production,rumen fermentation and rumen bacteria populations in vitro

In this study, the effects of seven pure plant secondary metabolites (PSM s) on rumen fermentation, methane (CH₄) production and rumen bacterial community composition were determined. Two in vitro trials were conducted. In trial 1, nine concentrations of 8‐hydroxyquinoline, α‐ terpineol, camphor, bornyl acetate, α‐ pinene, thymoquinone and thymol were incubated on separate days using in vitro 24‐hr batch incubations. All compounds tested demonstrated the ability to alter rumen fermentation parameters and decrease CH₄ production. However, effective concentrations differed among individual PSM s. The lowest concentrations that reduced (p  <  .05) CH₄ production were as follows: 8 mg/L of 8‐hydroxyquinoline, 120 mg/L of thymoquinone, 240 mg/L of thymol and 480 mg/L of α‐ terpineol, camphor, bornyl acetate and α‐ pinene. These concentrations were selected for use in trial 2. In trial 2, PSM s were incubated in one run. Methane was decreased (p  <  .05) by all PSM s at selected concentrations. However, only 8‐hydroxyquinoline, bornyl acetate and thymoquinone decreased (p  <  .05) CH₄ relative to volatile fatty acids (VFA s). Based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis, different PSM s changed the composition of bacterial communities to different extents. As revealed by Ion Torrent sequencing, the effects of PSM s on relative abundance were most pronounced in the predominant families, especially in Lachnospiraceae , Succinivibrionaceae , Prevotellaceae , unclassified Clostridiales and Ruminococcaceae . The CH ₄ production was correlated negatively (?.72; p  <  .05) with relative abundance of Succinivibrionaceae and positively with relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae (.86; p  <  .05). In summary, this study identified three pure PSM s (8hydroxyquinoline, bornyl acetate and thymoquinone) with potentially promising effects on rumen CH₄ production. The PSM s tested in this study demonstrated considerable impact on rumen bacterial communities even at the lowest concentrations that decreased CH₄ production. The findings from this study may help to elucidate how PSM s affect rumen bacterial fermentation.     

植物精油对泌乳期奶牛生产性能养分消化、瘤胃发酵及氮平衡的影响

本研究以泌乳期奶牛为研究对象,研究全混合日粮中补充植物精油对其养分摄入量、表观消化率、瘤胃发酵及氮和能量平衡的影响.试验将泌乳性能一致的16头荷斯坦奶牛随机分为2组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头牛.对照组饲喂基础全混合日粮,处理组饲喂基础全混合日粮+150 mg/kg植物精油,试验为期7周.结果:植物精油组奶牛干物质、有...     

Papaya (Carica papaya) leaf methanolic extract modulates in vitro rumen methanogenesis and rumen biohydrogenation

Papaya leaf methanolic extract (PLE) at concentrations of 0 (CON), 5 (LLE), 10 (MLE) and 15 (HLE) mg/250 mg dry matter (DM) with 30 mL buffered rumen fluid were incubated for 24 h to identify its effect on in vitro ruminal methanogenesis and ruminal biohydrogenation (BH). Total gas production was not affected (P > 0.05) by addition of PLE compared to the CON at 24 h of incubation. Methane (CH₄) production (mL/250 mg DM) decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of PLE. Acetate to propionate ratio was lower (P <0.05) in MLE (2.02) and HLE (1.93) compared to the CON (2.28). Supplementation of the diet with PLE significantly (P <0.05) decreased the rate of BH of C18:1n‐9 (oleic acid; OA), C18:2n‐6 (linoleic acid; LA), C18:3n‐3 (linolenic acid; LNA) and C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) compared to CON after 24 h incubation, which resulted in higher concentrations of BH intermediates such as C18:1 t11 (vaccenic acid; VA), c9t11 conjugated LA (CLA) (rumenic acid; RA) and t10c12 CLA. Real‐time PCR analysis indicated that the total bacteria, total protozoa, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and methanogen population in HLE decreased (P <0.05) compared to CON, but the total bacteria and B. fibrisolvens population were higher (P < 0.05) in CON compared to the PLE treatment groups.     

硒对热应激条件下放牧绵羊瘤胃发酵及瘤胃微生物区系的影响

为探讨热应激条件下补硒对放牧绵羊瘤胃发酵以及瘤胃微生物区系的影响,试验选择体重相近、健康的7～8月龄杜寒杂交羊10只,采用单因素完全随机试验设计,随机分成2组,每组5只.对照组不添加硒,试验组硒添加水平为0.2 mg/d(硒源为酵母硒).在夏季温度最高的初伏到中伏期间,以自然放牧方式饲养20 d后,颈静脉采集血液测定血...     

不同瘤胃细菌培养物添加水平对奶牛瘤胃发酵及BCP含量的影响

本文旨在研究不同剂量的瘤胃细菌培养物对荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃发酵及菌体蛋白(BCP)含量的影响。试验采用单因素试验设计,选用4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管,体况相近的荷斯坦奶牛,取其瘤胃液混匀,添加不同剂量的瘤胃细菌培养物进行体外培养,分别为:对照组(0 CUF/g),试验Ⅰ组(添加量为3%,4.4×108CUF/g),试验Ⅱ组(添加量为5%,7.8×108CUF/g),试验Ⅲ组(添加量为10%,1.2×109CUF/g),每组分别设2、4、8、12、24、36、48 h 7个指标测定时间点,每个时间点3个重复。结果表明:(1)添加瘤胃细菌培养物使瘤胃液pH有所降低,但始终在6.5～7.0,对瘤胃内环境无不良影响;(2)添加3%的瘤胃细菌培养物显著降低氨态氮(NH3-N)的含量(P<0.05),显著增加了培养液BCP的浓度(P<0.05);(3)添加3%的瘤胃细菌培养物可一定程度增加总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)和乙酸浓度,但对其他各挥发性脂肪酸及乙酸/丙酸比值无显著影响。由此可见,添加3%剂量的瘤胃细菌培养物可改变瘤胃的发酵环境,提高BCP浓度。