试论如何加强国有林场森林资源管护工作

森林资源的包会工作的有效落实对我国现在的生态环境的改善和生活质量的有效的提升以及我国的可持续性的发展策略的有效执行并且持续发展具有非常重要的意义。所以我们必须要意识到林场的森林是我国林业资源的重要的组成部分,也是保护生态环境的重要的森林资源。国有林场的发展和存在改善了人类生存环境的情况。所以我们要积极的分析国有林场面临的问题,积极的找出合适的改善措施。     

国有林场改革转型后森林资源管理模式初探

在最近几年,我国的社会经济在不断的飞速发展,但是也就意味着我国日常生活和生产的不断发展都加大了资源和环境的索取和破坏程度都在日渐的加剧。但是随着时间的改变,建立在资源的消耗和环境的破坏的基础上来换取的经济的快速发展的先进的模式已经逐渐的暴漏出来了很多问题和缺点。然而在我国的政策和法律中,国有林场属于国家的国有资产,其本身的价值不可以用金钱的水平来估量。因为国有林场作为重要的经济系统,不仅仅能够凭借着林场的各种资源来产生巨大的经济利益,也可以凭借着得天独厚的生态条件,带来巨大的生态价值。所以,从各个方面来看,关于国有林场的管理模式得更新和改革的进度和方法都关系着国家的发展和经济的发展,更是关系到了我们国家的生态环境的平衡和健康发展。所以本文主要是以我国的国有林场的改革后的经营和管理的模式作为主要的研究课题,来进行初步的探讨,并且努力的找到正确并且合适的对策。     

江南民居中室内生态可持续理念的借鉴

地处夏热冬冷、人口稠密的江浙地区的传统民居,在炎热的夏季和寒冷的冬季仍能保持室内的舒适,满足人与自然和谐共处的需要,故古人的建筑处理手法蕴含着节能环保及可持续发展的理念。本文分析江南民居室内特点,找出其内外空间的适宜性、室内空间的相对开放性、空间陈设的灵活性、文化的继承性对现代建筑的生态的、可持续的处理手法的可借鉴之处。     

探讨营造林工程存在的问题及改进措施

经济的高速发展对于生态环境产生了严重的影响,为了减少环境方面的影响,更好的进行生态环境方面的建设的工作,要在经济发展和生态环境的发展的过程中进行相应的利益的平衡,使得进行全面的工作的发展。在生态环境的改善的过程中,营造林是其中非常重要的一项工作。     

园林树木养护管理方法浅析

对于园林树木的养护管理需要更具有科学的办法,必须依据树木的不同的阶段进行一定的措施进行操作,从而使得园林树木得到更为合理有效的养护,然而对于园林树木的科学管理的事项较为复杂,并且各区域在养护上存在一定的差异,同时不一样的数种以及不同的时期的措施也存在着极大的差异。同时通常情况下在关于园林树木的养护有着一定的规律可以遵循的。     

征占用林地工作中存在主要问题及措施

随着国家的工业化进程的不断发展,在生产用地和生活用地上大幅度的增加,很多的地方出现了工程建设占用林地的情况。林地对我国的生态发展有着非常重要的影响,它能够从林地的范围和质量上反映出地方区域的生态环境的状况。目前,我国的各个行业都处于发展中的阶段,需要有大量的时间和空间,所以占用林地的情况自然也就随之增多,经过长时间的发展,会对林地本身带来非常大的影响,所以,占用林地的情况是比较常见的,目前,不断占用林地的现象逐渐增多,随之而来的就会出现林地管理上的问题。本文主要分析了征占用林地工作中存在的一些问题,并结合实际情况对征占用林地工作提出了有效的应对方法。     

用心智与科学铸造绿色金字塔--写在中国果菜产业十大杰出人物评选之际

春天，是绿意的萌动，春天，是生机的勃发。人们向往春天，是因为春天的天空是湛蓝的，春天的大地是翠绿的，春天的阳光是灿烂的，春天的小雨是甘甜的。春天的大自然给人一种掩映不住的渴盼和向往。羊年圣洁的雪花乘着时代的列车北去了，带走了凛冽的风寒和那难忘的365篇“日记”；猴年的春天乘着飞天的航船驶来了，牵来了融融的暖意和开发进取的心声。     

草莓的解剖结构与其对白粉病抗性的研究

以3个草莓品种的叶片为试材,采用传统的石蜡切片法,研究冬季大棚栽培不同草莓品种对白粉病的抗性的影响并分析其叶片的解剖结构的差异。结果表明:3个草莓品种的抗性差异显著,抗白粉病能力最强的是‘枥乙女’,其次是‘红颜’,最差的为‘章姬’。筛选出3个品种的草莓叶脉的厚度,主维管束的长度,主维管束的宽度,栅栏叶肉的厚度和叶片栅栏组织的比例等指标差异性极强。同时发现栅栏组织的厚度和在叶片栅栏组织的比例可能是影响草莓的抗病性的关键性指标。草莓的栅栏组织的厚度可以采取作为草莓抗白粉病的品种筛选的早期识别指标,从而为冬季大棚栽培草莓提供理论依据。     

园林植物栽培及养护技术

园林的绿化需要园林植物的合理应用栽培,植物的栽培养护对园林的观赏效果具有重要的价值。园林植物的色彩搭配,对于风景秀丽的景区、街道的装饰性具有极大的观赏性效果。     

基于园艺疗法的居住区康复花园植物景观营造

城市化建设的不断深入,居民区的环境建设在城市化建设中的重要性越来越高。城市经济的不断发展使人们的生活水平有了大幅度的提升,并且城市建设的过程中伴随而来的环境问题也是必不可少的显现出来。当下中国的人口老龄化严重,老年人的人口基数大、增速快以及空巢现象的问题也会日益的明显起来,老龄化的加快使得老年的相关疾病发生日益凸显,像是老年痴呆、心血管疾病的发生都将成为社会的主要疾病,使得独生子女面临的供养压力越来越重。本文就基于园艺疗法的居住区康复花园植物景观营造进行研究,阐述居住环境对人们健康的疗养作用。     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

苹果5种砧木幼苗对连作土壤的适应性差异研究

 以苹果砧木新疆野苹果[Malus sieversii（Ledeb.）Roem.]、莱芜难咽（M. micromalus Makino）、平邑甜茶（M. hupehensis Rehd.）、山荆子[M. baccata（L.）Borkh.]和八棱海棠（M. micromalus）为试验材料,应用盆栽方法研究其对连作土壤的适应性差异。结果表明：连作条件下各砧木叶片光合速率和光合色素含量均低于非连作。平邑甜茶叶片光合速率降幅最小,仅为7.06%,其叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量降幅亦较小,分别为9.15%和8.17%。5种砧木根系抗氧化物酶活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量较各自对照升高。与对照相比,连作处理平邑甜茶根系超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性增幅均最小,分别为3.72%、26.60%和23.78%;平邑甜茶根系MDA含量增幅最小,为15.24%,莱芜难咽增幅最大,为54.56%。最终连作对5种苹果砧木的外在影响表现为生物量、株高和地径的下降,其中平邑甜茶适应性较强。     

Effects of insulin on mitogen-activited protein kinase of vascular smooth muscle cells in spontaneously hypertensive rat

AIM:To explose the possible existing pathway of intracellular signaling transduction in hypertensive induced by insulin in rat vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation which involved mitogen-activated protein kinase. METHODS:Male spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) aorta and WKY(6 weeks old) were isolated and then cultured to make the purified vascular smooth muscle cells.6-8th generation of VSMC were interfered with insulin in vitro. MAPK activity was determined by myelin basic protein method and its volume was measured with Western Blot. And [³H]-TdR was used to measure DNA synthesis in VSMC proliferation. RESULTS: After the interfered with insulin the DNA synthesis was increased obviously in SHR group. MAPK activity and its contains in SHR were increased more than the control group. Protein kinase C inhibitor decreased MAPK activity induced by insulin. CONCLUSION:Proliferation of SHR VSMC in vitro was correlated with increased activity of MAPK. Insulin can affect MAPK induced activity. So an insulin-PKC-MAPK axis may exist in hypertensive VSMC.     

冬杜鹃花新品种‘雪中笑’与双亲关系的探讨

新近育成的能在寒冬连续开花三个月的冬杜鹃花新品种——‘雪中笑’,具有一系列优良性状。通过用聚酰胺薄膜层析法来比较‘雪中笑’及其双亲叶片、花冠所含黄酮类等化合物的种类,结果证明,杂种与双亲所含黄酮类等化合物种类呈密切相关,‘雪中笑’确系映山红R.simsii与‘月白风清’的人工杂交种。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

Inhibitory effect of antisense eukaryotic expression vectors for c-myc on rat airway smooth muscle cells

AIM: To observe the inhibitory effect of antisense eukaryotic expression vectors for c-myc on rat airway smooth muscle cells. METHODS: Antisense and sense eukaryotic expression vectors for c-myc pcDNA3-myc-antisense and pcDNA3-myc-sense were constructed. Lipofectin was used to introduce antisense and sense eukaryotic expression vectors for c-myc into rat. The inhibitory effect was assayed by MTT cell proliferation assay. Cell cycles were detected by flow cytometry technology. The expression of c-Myc was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The results showed that antisense eukaryotic expression vector for c-myc inhibited rat airway smooth muscle cells proliferation. Rat airway smooth muscle cells were prohibited in S phase and the expression of c-Myc was decreased after antisense eukaryotic expression vectors for c-myc were transfected into cells. CONCLUSION: Antisense eukaryotic expression vectors for c-myc inhibit rat airway smooth muscle cell proliferation.     

Role of humoral immune response in the protection induced by H. pylori vaccine with chitosa as adjuvant

AIM:To study the immunological protection of H. pylori vaccine with chitosa as adjuvant. METHODS:One-grade female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into nine groups and immunized by ①PBS alone; ②chitosan solution alone; ③chitosan particles alone; ④H. pylori antigen alone; ⑤H. pylori antigen plus chitosan solution; ⑥H. pylori antigen plus chitosan particles; ⑦H. pylori antigen plus CT; ⑧H. pylori antigen plus chitosan solution and CT; ⑨H. pylori antigen plus chitosan particles and CT. At 4 weeks after the last immunization, these mice were challenged by alive H. pylori（1×1012CFU/L） twice at two-day intervals. At 4 weeks after the last challenge, these mice were all killed and gastric mucosa were embedded in paraffin, sectioned and assayed with Giemsa staining. The other gastric mucosa were used to quantitatively culture with H. pylori. ELISA was used to detect H.pylori IgA in saliva and gastric mucosa and anti-H.pylori IgG, IgG1, IgG2a in serum, and immunohistochemical method was used to examine sIgA in gastric mucosa. RESULTS:①In the groups with chitosan as adjuvant, 60% mice achieved immunological protection, which was according to that with CT as adjuvant (58.33%), and was significantly higher than H. pylori antigen alone and other groups without H. pylori antigen（P<0.01 or P<0.05）. While the rates of protection in the groups with chitosan plus CT as adjuvant were 84.62%,85.71% and the H. pylori colonization score in it was significantly lower than that in the groups with CT as an adjuvant and without adjuvants（P<0.01 or P<0.05）. ②The each isotype IgG levels induced by H. pylori vaccine with adjuvants were significantly higher than those in control group and non-adjuvant groups（P<0.01 or P<0.05），while the anti-H. pylori IgG levels in the groups with CT plus chitosan as adjuvant were significantly higher than those in the groups with CT or chitosan as an adjuvant alone（P<0.05）. ③ The labeling index for sIgA-positive lumen of glands and special anti-H. pylori IgA levels in gastric mucosa in the groups with chitosan as an adjuvant had no difference with those in the group with CT as an adjuvant（P>0.05）and were significantly higher than those in non-adjuvant groups, while those in the groups with chitosan plus CT were significantly higher than those in the group with CT as an adjuvant（P<0.01 or P<0.05）. CONCLUSION:H. pylori vaccine with chitosan as adjuvant could protect against H. pylori infection, suggested that chitosan is a mucosa adjuvant of H. pylori vaccine.     

Multiple Avenues to Gender in Strawberries

ABSTRACT

Common strawberry cultivars are hermaphrodites, producing both anthers and pistils in their flowers. However, octoploid Fragaria species are trioecious and different genotypes can be female with pistillate flowers, hermaphrodites, or males with staminate flowers. One female selection, F. virginiana High Falls 22 and three hermaphrodite selections, N8688, RH23, and Montreal River 10 were hybridized with five June-bearing cultivars. Seedlings of each family were planted in Ontario and Michigan. Two F. chiloensis selections Pigeon Point (female) and FRA1267 (hermaphrodite), were hybridized with 14 F. virginiana selections. Seedlings from each family were planted in Ontario and Minnesota. In all progeny, the presence or absence of anthers was recorded and a subjective scale used to estimate the percentage of fruit set (1–10 representing 10% intervals). Also, FRA1267 was crossed with one F. × ananassa selection and the progeny intercrossed and grown in Ontario. In the sib-crosses gender was recorded. In two female parents, the female progeny had on average a higher fruit set than the hermaphrodite progeny. F. virginiana genotypes varied in their fruit set, which suggested that there are a number of alleles involved in the fertility of hermaphrodites. In crosses, FRA1267 produced 80% females when used as a female parent and 100% hermaphrodites when used as a male parent. It is thought that the trait is inherited cytoplasmically or that the F. chiloensis alleles involved are epistatic when F. virginiana or F. × ananassa is used as a male parent.