种衣剂对纤维亚麻生长的效应

目前麻田保苗不足已成为限制亚麻生产的瓶颈问题,究其原因除因播种质量外,苗期的立枯病、炭疽病和萎蔫病是造成缺苗的主要因素.针对此问题,开展了亚麻种衣剂的试验研究和筛选工作,试验利用东北农业大学提供的种衣剂1、2、3号与福美霜进行比较,通过苗期调查和收获后测定原茎产量和品质,初步证明所用的亚麻种衣剂对亚麻种苗安全,具有提高苗期抗病力,增加收获株数的效应,并能够增加原茎产量和纤维产量,同时对改善亚麻品质有一定的作用.     

不同耕作方式对冬播亚麻成苗及原茎产量的影响

通过成苗数、苗期根系生长、有效收获株数、收获时主要经济性状及原茎产量的考查结果分析,认为免耕、免镇压等耕作方式对亚麻成苗数和苗期根系生长有一定的影响。但由于亚麻自身群体结构调控能力较强,各处理在收获时其有效收获株数、收获时主要经济性状及原茎产量差异不大。建议南方冬播亚麻生产区在土壤、气候条件适宜的情况下,可采用免耕、免镇压措施,降低种植亚麻的劳动强度和生产成本,促进农民种植亚麻的积极性,提高种植亚麻的经济效益。     

不同耕作方式对冬播亚麻成苗及原茎产量的影响

通过成苗数、苗期根系生长、有效收获株数、收获时主要经济性状及原茎产量的考查结果分析，认为免耕、免镇压等耕作方式对亚麻成苗数和苗期根系生长有一定的影响。但由于亚麻自．身群体结构调控能力较强，各处理在收获时其有效收获株数、收获时主要经济性状及原茎产量差异不大。建议南方冬播亚麻生产区在土壤、气候条件适宜的情况下，可采用免耕、免镇压措施，降低种植亚麻的劳动强度和生产成本，促进农民种植亚麻的积极性．提高种植亚麻的经济效益．     

免耕条件下亚麻干物质形成规律研究

为了研究免耕对亚麻干物质形成的影响,本试验采用随机区组设计,调查了免耕和翻耕条件下亚麻株高、茎粗、单茎重的增长规律,对亚麻原茎产量、种子产量、收获密度、生育期进行了比较分析。发现在该免耕栽培模式下,亚麻株高、茎粗、单茎重的增长曲线与对照基本一致,亚麻原茎产量增长1.5%,种子产量增长2.69%,密度降低3.98%;亚麻生育期推迟3 d左右,而土壤水分含量一直高于对照。总体来说,免耕条件下亚麻单株株高、茎粗、单株干重均与对照具有相似的累积规律,原茎及种子产量略有增加。     

影响云南亚麻原茎产量的几个因素分析

通过正交试验和统计分析,研究了云南宾川地区品种、肥料、播种期、收获期对亚麻原茎产量的影响,结果表明:本试验条件下,播种期对亚麻原茎产量的影响最大,品种次之,收获期和肥料最小;并提出获得亚麻原茎高产的四因素最优组合.     

叶面喷施富利硼对亚麻产质量的影响初报

肥料均衡供应和提高施肥技术对亚麻的产量和效益影响较大.试验表明亚麻叶面施用富利硼后,长势旺盛,每株蒴果数增加 0.7个,千粒重增加 0.4克.亚麻原茎产量有所增加,亚麻种子产量增幅较大,平均在 11%以上.亚麻株高、茎粗、工艺长度和长麻率等性状变化不大.经济效益明显,每公顷净增效益平均为 105.38元.     

云南宾川县亚麻生产技术系列报道之三 亚麻原茎高产栽培综合农艺措施数学模型的研究

试验应用农业系统工程学的原理和方法,研究探讨了密度、氮、磷、钾肥用量及氮肥施用时期五个主要栽培因素与原茎产量的相互关系。通过田间试验测得原茎产量参数,建立了亚麻原茎高产栽培数学模型,初步探讨出各栽培因素对亚麻原茎产量的影响、相互作用关系及最佳农艺措施组合方案,为亚麻原茎高产栽培提供科学依据。     

应用化学除草剂防除亚麻田杂草研究初报

亚麻是平播密植作物,杂草对它为害很大,一般亚麻田每平方米有杂草100—200株,不仅影响产量,而且收获后往往因麻把内夹有杂草而造成亚麻霉烂,降低品质。广大社员为提高亚麻产量和品质,增加收入,多在苗期进行1—2次人工拔草。     

叶面喷施富利硼对亚麻产质量的影响初报

肥料均衡供应和提高施肥技术对亚麻的产量和效益影响较大。试验表明：亚麻叶面施用富利硼后，长势旺盛，每株蒴果数增加0．7个，千粒重增加0．4克。亚麻原茎产量有所增加，亚麻种子产量增幅较大，平均在11％以上。亚麻株高、茎粗、工艺长度和长麻率等性状变化不大。经济效益明显，每公顷净增效益平均为105．38元。     

亚麻原茎高产栽培综合农艺措施数学模型的研究

试验应用农业系统工程学的原理和方法,研究探讨了密度、氮、磷、钾肥用量及氮肥施用时期五个主要栽培因素与原茎产量的相互关系.通过田间试验测得原茎产量参数,建立了亚麻原茎高产栽培数学模型,初步探讨出各栽培因素对亚麻原茎产量的影响、相互作用关系及最佳农艺措施组合方案,为亚麻原茎高产栽培提供科学依据.     

我国玉米种衣剂应用现状与发展趋势

综述国内外种衣剂的发展历程与应用现状,介绍我国当前玉米种衣剂登记产品及防治对象,分析种衣剂在玉米生产中的应用效果,包括对种子发芽和幼苗生长发育的影响、对玉米病虫害的防治效果及对玉米的保产增产效果等方面的研究进展,指出目前玉米种衣剂应用中存在的问题,从高毒农药的替代使用、生物型种衣剂的应用、多功能复配型种衣剂的开发以及成膜剂和助剂体系的改进等方面探讨玉米种衣剂未来发展前景。     

Preparation of protein and mineral rich fraction from grain amaranth and evaluation of its functional characteristics

Grain amaranth was fractionated to prepare a seed coat rich fraction along with the fine seed coat, middling and flour fractions. The nutritional content of the coarse seed coat fraction and its antioxidant potential were evaluated. It was observed that, the coarse seed coat fraction contained highest protein (17.81 g/100 g), dietary fiber (25.78 g/100 g), free sugar (2.25 g/100 g), calcium (1115 mg/100 g), sodium (279 mg/100 g), magnesium (178.4 mg/100 g) and potassium (398.8 mg/100 g) contents compared to all other fractions. The carbohydrate and protein digestibility of all the fractions were more than 80%. A slight decrease in linoleic acid and a concurrent increase in palmitic acid contents were observed in coarse seed coat fraction. The total phytic acid increased and total polyphenols contents decreased in the coarse seed coat fraction compared to the native grain. The DPPH, ABTS and total antioxidant activities are comparatively high in this particular fraction. The study indicated a possibility of preparation of a protein, fiber and mineral rich fraction from grain amaranth with good antioxidant potential which can be used as a functional food ingredient.     

水稻生物种衣剂示范总结报告

为了验证水稻生物种衣剂的包衣效果,用大区试验的方法进行了两年试验,结果表明:清水浸种后用种衣剂包衣(种药比40:1)可促进水稻的生育进程,有效控制立枯病和青枯病的发生,增加千粒重,减少秕粒,增产效果显著,可以在生产中应用。     

陕北黄芥黄色种皮的遗传研究

本研究采用黄芥（Brassica juncea L.）与两个不同来源的褐籽类型芥菜型油菜杂交，研究黄芥黄色种皮的遗传。结果表明：黄芥的粒色主要受母体基因型控制，褐色对黄色为显性；F2和BC1世代株间乃至株内颜色不尽一致，但黄色单株和褐色单株能够明显区分，褐色和黄色的比例分别符合3:1和1:1的分离比例，证明黄芥的粒色主要受一对主效基因控制，同时受修饰基因和环境的影响。黄籽和褐籽杂交F2代粒色与几个品质性状的相关分析，结果证明除含油量与粒色密切相关外，其脂肪酸组分的平均值与种皮颜色也有一定的相关性。     

施用根腐病生防颗粒剂对大豆田土壤微生物区系的影响

采用田间小区试验,以木霉菌等多种生防菌结合的生防颗粒剂为材料,探讨施于大豆田后对土壤微生物的影响.调查结果显示,土壤中施入生防颗粒剂后未明显引起微生物区系变化,也没有使某些微生物明显地上升或下降.在大豆生育期间多数生防颗粒剂组合的真菌数量低于种衣剂拌种处理区;在大豆生育期间生防颗粒剂组合的放线菌数量都高于种衣剂拌种,在分枝期1号和4号生防颗粒剂处理的细菌数量高于种衣剂处理区和空白对照,开花期(R1)到成熟期(R8)多数生防颗粒剂处理的细菌数量也高于种衣剂处理和对照.生防颗粒剂在分枝期和开花期使土壤中木霉菌数量增加,生防颗粒剂组合、种衣剂处理区和空白对照在分枝期镰孢菌数量较低,除生防颗粒剂组合1号外葡萄孢菌数量在出苗期、结荚盛期都低于空白对照.除结荚期外,其它时期生防颗粒剂处理较空白对照区青霉菌多.     

Chemical composition and biological evaluation of Okra (Hibiscus esculentus) seeds and their kernels

Okra (Hibiscus esculentus) whole seeds and their kernels were analysed for their nutrient composition. They were rich in protein as well as fat. Most of the protein and fat of the seed is accumulated in the kernel while crude fiber is concentrated in the seed coat or hull. Its essential amino acid composition was nearly equal to that of the WHO/FAO reference pattern (1973), but lower than that of whole egg protein; its chemical score was 67. Diets containing whole seed and kernel protein at the 10% level were fed to weanling rats both in the raw and cooked forms for 4 weeks. Dry matter digestibility and protein digestibility of whole seed diets were significantly lower than the kernel diets. Cooking improved PER and NPU values of both the whole grain and kernel diets. These results indicated that dietary fiber present in the hull of Okra seed as well as heat labile antinutritional factors present in the seed hinder Okra seed protein utilization.     

Yield and economics of traditional and early soybean production system (ESPS) seedings in the midsouthern United States

Drought stress reduces yield of traditional May and June seedlings of soybean in midsouthern USA. Field experiments using Maturity Group (MG) IV and MG V soybean cultivars were conducted at Stoneville, Mississippi (latitude 33°26′ N) for five years to determine effects of earlier-than-normal (April) and normal (May) seeding on net returns from soybean grown with, and without, irrigation. Net returns were calculated as the difference between income and all direct and indirect costs excluding those for land, management, and general farm overhead. In the irrigated environment, average net returns from April seedings of MG IV cultivars were greater than those from May seedings in all years, while average net returns from April seedings of MG V cultivars were greater than those from May seedings in all years except 1997. These greater net returns resulted from larger seed yields, lower estimated costs, higher prices received for harvested seed, or a combination of the three. Average net returns from April seedings ranged from US$ 148 to US$ 617/ha, while average net returns from May seedings ranged from US$ 69 to US$ 567/ha. Use of MG IV vs. MG V cultivars had no consistent effect on net returns from either April or May seedings. In the nonirrigated environment, average net returns from April seedings of all cultivars were greater than those from May seedings in all years. Average annual net returns from cultivars seeded in April ranged from US$ 74 to US$ 374/ha, while average annual net returns from May seedings ranged from US$ −9 to US$ 325/ha. In three of the five years, MG V cultivars sown in April produced more yield and greater net return than did MG IV cultivars, while April-sown MG IV cultivars produced the highest yield and net return in one of the five years in the nonirrigated study. These results indicate that earlier-than-normal (April) seedings of either MG IV or MG V soybean cultivars will result in increased net return vs. that attained from traditional (May or later) seedings in the midsouthern USA. These results also indicate that choosing cultivars within an MG is more critical than choosing between MG IV and V.     

Association Between Seed Coat Polyphenolics (Tannins) and Disease Resistance in Common Bean

Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) contain a number of antinutritional factors such as condensed tannins. Reducing tannin concentration might contribute to improving the nutritional quality of common bean. But polyphenolics are involved in resistance to diseases and pests, and reducing tannin concentration may have a negative effect on plant resistance. Furthermore, the effects of tannin on disease resistance in different gene pools or in different seed colors are not defined. To investigate these effects, 790 accessions from a common bean core collection were investigated. Data were subjected to independent sample t-tests, and the calculation of correlation coefficients. The mean coat extracts of black and red bean classes were highest (with 0.129 g/g and 0.124 g/g of seed coat, respectively). Among the gene pools, the coat extract was greater in the Middle American gene pool (0.129 g/g) than in the Andean gene pool (0.108 g/g). Coat extract in the Andean gene pool was positively correlated with susceptibility to Middle American isolates of anthracnose and to common bacterial blight, but negatively correlated with susceptibility to Andean isolates of angular leaf spot and to empoasca. Only empoasca damage showed negative correlation with coat extract in the Middle American gene pool. However within gene pools, the coat extracts of different seed classes varied in correlations with reactions to disease and pest infestations. Significant correlations were particularly associated with the black seed class in both gene pools. The relationships between coat extract and disease reactions are complex. A better understanding will help breeders to select germplasm with improved nutritional quality without adversely affecting disease resistance.     

大豆种粒斑驳的基本化学组成

本研究用ＴＬＣ技术结合紫外吸收光谱分析以及其它化学定性方法,分析大豆因感染ＳＭＶ产生物种粒斑驳的化学组成：有种粒斑驳的种皮和大豆健种皮含有花色素、黄酮、黄酮醇、二氢黄酮、二氢黄酮醇和它们的苷,也含有黄烷醇以及黄烷醇多聚物。种粒斑驳中的黄酮类化合物在含量和组成上都可显著地区别于健株种皮,其积累与感染ＳＭＶ相关。按种粒斑驳的颜色箱关的黄酮类化合物分类,斑驳可以分为有或无花色素苷两个类型。     

皇后帝王花种皮特性对种子休眠的影响

以皇后帝王花种子为实验材料,对其进行形态解剖、种皮超微结构观测、种皮透水性与含水量检测,以了解皇后帝王花种皮结构与种子休眠的关系。结果表明:(1)皇后帝王花种子的种皮分为3层,外种皮的栅栏结构增强了种子的不透性,高度木质化的中种皮使种子坚硬,内种皮较薄却被一层不易透水的蜡质包裹;(2)酸蚀处理能使皇后帝王花种子种皮表面结构疏松,种皮变薄,种孔露出。但酸蚀4 h种子的中种皮及内种皮已经出现破坏性开裂,严重影响到胚活力;(3)完整干种子与酸蚀0.5 h种子在前14 h均能快速吸水,吸水50 h后近饱和状态,自此,二者吸水率小范围波动直至完全饱和;(4)酸蚀处理种子并不能使胚更好的吸水保水。因此,皇后帝王花种皮结构对胚的吸水并未形成阻碍,但不能排除其对胚呼吸的影响及对胚根的伸长和生长产生机械阻力的可能。