传染性支气管炎病毒S1蛋白在Vero细胞的表达与分布

将传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）ZJ971 S1基因亚克隆到绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）表达载体pEGFP—C2中，成功构建重组表达质粒pEGFP—ZJ971-S1。重组质粒在脂质体的介导下转染Vero细胞，借助荧光显微镜在转染后4h观察到S1—GFP融合蛋白的瞬时表达。免疫细胞化学染色（ICC）结果显示，抗ZJ971 S1D蛋白单克隆抗体和鸡抗IBVZJ971全病毒血清特异性识别了S1基因转染细胞，表明S1蛋白在Vero细胞中得到有效表达。荧光显微镜观察和ICC均表明，S1表达蛋白主要分布在转染细胞的胞浆内，而胞核中未见分布，提示IBVS1蛋白内可能存在与病毒装配相关的细胞定位信号。     

Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to three infectious bronchitis virus serotypes.

Three panels of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were prepared against the spike (S) proteins of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains Arkansas 99, Connecticut 46, and Massachusetts 41. Based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the MAbs were grouped into three categories: 1) group-specific, which reacted with a broad spectrum of homologous and heterologous IBV serotypes; 2) serotype-specific, which reacted only with strains of the homologous serotype; and 3) strain-specific, which reacted "selectively" with only certain strains of homologous and heterologous serotypes. MAbs that displayed serotype specificity were all specific to S1 fractions of the homologous serotype, confirming that epitopes that determine virus serotype are associated with the S1 protein. An excellent correlation was found when the results of IBV serotyping by MAb-based indirect ELISA were compared with those from the conventional virus-neutralization test. This confirms that the MAbs described here will serve as valuable tools in epizootiological studies and serotype-specific diagnosis of IBV infection.     

我国鸡传染性支气管炎病毒地方分离株S1基因的RFLP基因分型的研究

采用RT－PCR方法分离得到了五个IBV地方分离株（HN2，HN4，JX1，SC2和SC4）的S1基因片段，并用限制性内切酶HaeⅢ对五个IBV地方分离株S1基因的cDNA进行RFLP分析。结果显示，五个IBV地方分离株S1基因cDNA的HaeⅢ带型与标准毒株M41和Beaudette相同。根据Kwon建立的RFLP分型标准，本试验的五个地方分离株应归属于马萨诸塞血清型。     

表达鸡传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因重组腺病毒的构建

为构建表达鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)主要免疫原S1蛋白的重组腺病毒,本研究以复制缺陷型人5型腺病毒为载体,以IBVCK/CH/LHLJ/04V株S1基因为外源插入靶基因,通过细菌内同源重组法构建了一株稳定表达IBVS1蛋白(90ku)的重组腺病毒,命名为rAdV-S1。通过PCR鉴定、间接免疫荧光及western blot检测证实S1蛋白在重组腺病毒中获得表达。对构建的重组腺病毒和亲本腺病毒的生长动力学分析表明,该重组病毒的毒价为108.25TCID50/mL,并且两者在生长动力学方面无显著差异。本研究为动物试验和该重组腺病毒免疫特性的研究奠定基础。     

An ELISA for antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus using an S1 spike polypeptide

Using the whole infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) for detecting the antibody against IBV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a routine work in poultry industry. To prepare virus is time consuming and tedious. Furthermore, the whole viral antigen detects all antibodies against the viral structural proteins, including spike (S), nucleocapsid, matrix, and other proteins. Among those, S protein is related to neutralization. Thus, to develop and express protein fragment from S gene and to use the protein as a coating antigen for antibody detection against IBV are the purposes of this experiment. A partial S gene fragment (n.t. 1143-1665) was cloned into pRSET vectors and transformed into competent Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21 (DE3). A 27.5 kDa fusion protein (S-fg, containing S1-F and partial S2-G antigenic sites) was successfully expressed, affinity-purified and detected specifically with chicken anti-IBV serum by Western blot. The expressed S-fg protein was used as a coating antigen for developing an ELISA (S-fg ELISA) for serum antibody detection in anti-IBV antisera from different IBV serotypes and in field sera. The results show that the S-fg fusion protein is highly cross-reactive among different IBV serotypes, and the S-fg ELISA is found to be a convenient, economical, and efficient method for antibody detection against IBV.     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒沈阳分离株生物学特性及其免疫原S1基因的克隆与序列分析

本研究对分离自沈阳地区的一株传染性支气管炎病毒（ＳＹ毒株）进行了生物学特性的研究,同时成功地对其免疫原Ｓ１基因进行了ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增、克隆与序列分析。 通过电镜观察、动物回归试验、血凝特性研究等试验验证分离自沈阳地区的ＳＹ毒株确实为一株传染性支气管炎病毒。气管环组织培养交叉中和试验结果表明,分离株ＳＹ株不同于参考毒株澳大利亚Ｔ、Ｈ５２、Ｍ４１,且不同于国内其它流行株ＨＤ、ＨＢ、ＸＢ、ＤＢ等,是一个新的变异株。 利用ＩＢＶ Ｓ１基因特异性寡聚核苷酸引物,经ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增ＳＹ毒株的Ｓ１基因,得到预期的约１．７Ｋｂ片段;并将扩增所得ｃＤＮＡ插入克隆质粒ｐＵＣ１９的ＥｃｏＲⅠ／ＢａｍＨⅠ位点,在大肠杆菌ＤＨ５ａ中实现目的基因的克隆。经限制性核酸内切酶分析及ＰＣＲ鉴定,证实为阳性重组质粒,利用末端双脱氧链终止法对其测序,得到Ｓ１基因全长１６４０ｂｐ,包括整个开放阅读框。通过序列分析软件ＤＮＡＳＩＳ、ＰＲＯＳＩＳ、ＭＥＧＡ等软件对Ｓ１基因核苷酸序列及推导的氨基酸序列进行分析,结果表明：分离株ＳＹ与７株参考株和国内流行株ＨＤ株相比,无论是核苷酸序列同源百分率还是氨基酸序列同源百分离都较低,均未达到８０％,这就提示我们ＳＹ毒     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒GX-YL5株S蛋白在昆虫杆状病毒表达系统的表达及其免疫原性

为了对鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(avian infectious bronchitis virus,IBV)广西优势血清型代表株GX-YL5的S蛋白进行真核表达并研究其免疫原性,设计GX-YL5毒株S基因特异引物,扩增出目的片段后,构建重组表达载体pFastBacTM/HBM-TOPO-S,转化DH10Bac细胞获得重组杆...     

Monoclonal antibodies specific for Campylobacter fetus lipopolysaccharides

Four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (M1357, M1360, M1823 and M1825) which reacted with Campylobacter fetus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core region epitopes were produced and characterized. Reactivity of these mAbs with C. fetus core LPS epitopes was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with whole cell proteinase K digests and phenol-water extracted LPS, and by immunoblotting with proteinase K digests. The specificities of the four mAbs were evaluated using an indirect ELISA. One of the mAbs reacted with 42 and three of the mAbs reacted with 41 of the 42 C. fetus strains examined. No reaction was observed between the four mAbs and 32 non-C. fetus bacteria tested, with the exception of one mAb with one organism. The four mAbs reacted with serotype A and B strains indicating the presence of shared epitopes in C. fetus LPS core oligosaccharides. The specificities of three mAbs previously produced to C. fetus LPS O-antigens (M1177, M1183 and M1194) were also evaluated and no reaction was observed with these mAbs and the 32 non-C. fetus bacteria tested. Strong immunofluorescence reactions were observed with the anti-O chain mAbs and selected C. fetus strains of the homologous serotype. These anti-LPS core oligosaccharide and anti-LPS O chain mAbs are highly specific for C. fetus and are potentially useful as immunodiagnostic reagents for detection, identification and characterization of C. fetus.     

Evaluation of the hemagglutination-inhibition test for measuring the response of chickens to avian infectious bronchitis virus vaccination

An infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test was used to assay serum-antibody titers after IBV vaccination of IBV-susceptible specific-pathogen-free broilers and commercial layers. Three-week-old broilers were vaccinated via eye-drop with IBV strains that represent the antigenic spectrum of commercial vaccines--Holland, Massachusetts 41 (41 Ms), Connecticut 46, Florida 18288, or JMK strain--and revaccinated 3 weeks later with either the same or a heterologous strain. Weekly serum samples were tested by IBV HI with homologous and heterologous antigens. Vaccinates, except for those vaccinated with the Holland strain, were HI-positive with homologous but not heterologous antigens by 1 to 2 weeks postvaccination. Sixteen-week-old IBV-vaccinated commercial layers were revaccinated with IBV Holland 52 (H 52) strain and subsequently infected with Arkansas 99 (Ark 99) and SE 17 strains. In contrast to the limited HI cross-reactivity of serum from IBV-vaccinated broilers, there were extensive cross-reactions in HI tests with 41 Ms, H 52, Ark 99, and SE 17 antigens of revaccinated layers. These results demonstrate that the IBV HI test is more strain-specific than previous reports indicate, especially when the test samples are from early postvaccination.     

Characterization of an avian infectious bronchitis virus isolated in China from chickens with nephritis

One IBV isolate, SC021202, was isolated from the kidneys of the infected young chickens by inoculating embryonated eggs, and its morphology, physiochemical and haemagglutonating properties were detected. Virulence of the isolate SC021202 was determined with specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken inoculation. Nucleotide acid sequence of S1 gene of the isolate SC021202 was further sequenced and analysed. The physiochemical and morphological properties of the isolate SC021202 were in accordance to that of typical infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). In a pathogenicity experiment, the clinical signs and related gross lesions resembling those of field outbreak were reproduced and the virus isolate SC021202 was re-isolated from the kidneys of the infected chicken. Sequence data demonstrated that the full length of the amplified S1 gene of the isolate SC021202 was composed of 1931 nucleotides, coding a polypeptide of 543 amino acid residues. Compared with IBV strains from GenBank, the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of S1 gene of the isolate SC021202 shared 60.0-91.4% and 49.1-88.9% identities, respectively. A nucleotide fragment of 'CTTTTTAATTATACTAACGGA' was inserted at nucleotide site 208 in the S1 gene of the isolate. These results indicated that IBV isolate SC021202 was a new variant IBV isolate and responsible for field outbreak of nephritis.     

两株鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的分离鉴定及S1基因序列分析

为调查广东地区鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)的流行及其遗传变异情况,本研究通过病料SPF鸡胚接种和鸡胚尿囊液的RT-PCR鉴定,于2013年从广东湛江地区不同发病鸡场分离到两株IBV,分别命名为CK/CH/GD/ZJ10/2013和CK/CH/GD/ZJ11/2013,并对这两株IBV的S1基因进行序列分析。结果显示,CK/CH/GD/ZJ10/2013株S1基因全长1 626 bp,编码542个氨基酸,其裂解位点为NRFRR,属于基因型Ⅲ,并推测其为基因型Ⅲ毒株(CK/CH/GX/NN11-3)与基因型Ⅰ毒株(GX-NN-6)在S1基因处发生重组而产生的新毒株;CK/CH/GD/ZJ11/2013株S1基因全长1620 bp,编码540个氨基酸,其裂解位点为HRRRR,属于基因型Ⅰ(类QX型);两株IBV的S1基因间核苷酸序列及其推导的氨基酸序列同源性较低,与位于同一基因型的参考毒株间同源性较高,而与中国使用的Mass型常规疫苗H120和H52之间的同源性最低,仅为75.7%~76.3%和77.1%~77.9%。本研究可为广东省IBV的流行病学调查和分子生物学研究提供参考。     

Isolation,Identification and Sequence Analysis of S1 Gene of Two Strains of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Viruses

In order to investigate the epidemiology and genetic variation of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in Guangdong province, two strains of IBV were isolated by inoculation of embryo and RT-PCR detection from diseased chickens at different farms in Zhanjiang, Guangdong province in 2013.We denoted these two strains of IBV as CK/CH/GD/ZJ10/2013 and CK/CH/GD/ZJ11/2013, respectively.Analysis of the S1 gene sequences from these two isolated strains showed that the S1 gene of CK/CH/GD/ZJ10/2013 was 1 626 bp, which encoded 542 amino acids with a cleavage site sequence of NRFRR, while the S1 gene of CK/CH/GD/ZJ11/2013 was 1620 bp, encoded 540 amino acids with a cleavage site sequence of HRRRR.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these two isolated strains were clustered into genetic groups Ⅲ and Ⅰ(QX-like type), respectively.Homology analysis demonstrated that nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence homologies between these two isolated strains were lower, while the homologies were higher among the same genotypes, however, the homologies were lower comparing with current vaccine strains such as H120 and H52, with which the nucleotide homologies ranged from 75.7% to 76.3% and the amino acid homologies ranged from 77.1% to 77.9%.Further analysis showed that the CK/CH/GD/ZJ10/2013 strain was formed from a recombination event between CK/CH/GX/NN11-3 and GX-NN-6.Taken together, this study provided valuable insight into prevention and control of IBV infection in Guangdong province.     

Characterization of infectious bronchitis virus using monoclonal antibodies

Three monoclonal antibodies (MABs) reactive against two structural proteins--the nucleoprotein (NP) or the surface (S) protein--of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were produced and characterized. The MABs did not neutralize virus infectivity or inhibit hemagglutination. Their reactivity patterns with the homologous strain and eight heterologous strains of IBV were determined using the indirect immunoperoxidase test, the indirect immunofluorescent test, transfer-immunoblotting of separated proteins, and a dot-immunoblotting assay (DIA). Two MABs, NP- or S-protein-specific, reacted with all nine strains; one (NP-specific) reacted with only two strains. The two MABs reacting with all nine strains of IBV also detected 18 IBV field isolates of unknown serotype in the DIA. The MAB detecting only two strains did not react in the DIA. The diagnostic application of these MABs appears promising.     

Genetic and antigenic diversity in avian infectious bronchitis virus isolates of the 1940s

In order to verify a commonly held assumption that only Massachusetts (Mass) serotype of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was prevalent in the United States between the 1930s (when IBV was first isolated) and the 1950s (when the use of commercial IBV vaccines began), we examined 40 IBV field isolates from the 1940s. Thirty-eight of those isolates were recognized as Mass serotype viruses based on their reactivity to Mass-specific monoclonal antibody (Mab) and neutralization by Mass-specific chicken serum. The remaining two isolates, N-M24 and N-M39, that did not react with Mass-specific Mab, resisted neutralization by Mass-specific chicken serum, and were neutralized only by homologous chicken antibody were identified as non-Mass IBV. When the first 900 nucleotides (nt) from the 5'-end of the spike (S1) glycoprotein gene and their deduced amino acid (aa) sequences were compared, the two non-Mass isolates differed from each other by 24% and 28%, respectively. In a similar comparison, the non-Mass viruses N-M24 and N-M39 differed from M28, a Mass-type isolate from the 1940s, by 21% and 22% (nt) and 28% and 27% (aa), respectively. These data indicate that antigenic and genetic diversity among IBV isolates existed even in the 1940s. Interestingly, when the N-terminal region of the S1 of M28 was compared to that of M41, a prototype Mass virus that has undergone countless number of in vivo and in vitro host passages, the two viruses differed by only 2% (nt) and 4% (aa). This finding suggests that frequent genetic changes are not inherent in all IBV genomes.     

Monoclonal antibody analysis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus epitopes associated with antibody-dependent enhancement and neutralization of virus infection

Enhanced infection and replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus in the presence of specific antibody has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo, a phenomenon known as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). ADE is considered to be a significant obstacle to developing effective vaccines for many viruses for which ADE has been reported, since virus-specific antibodies of maternal origin or those conferred by vaccination can facilitate the entry of the virus into target cells, sometimes resulting in increased severity of the disease. In this study, the role of specific PRRS viral epitopes in ADE and/or virus neutralization (VN) was assessed in vitro using 14 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to 4 PRRS viral proteins: nucleocapsid (N), matrix (M), glycoprotein (GP) 5, and GP3. Each mAb recognized a distinct epitope on one of these proteins. One-way ADE and VN assays were performed in vitro using homologous PRRS virus isolates in the presence or absence of each mAb. ADE activity was determined by detecting a significant increase of progeny virus yield in porcine alveolar macrophage cultures in the presence of individual mAbs. Neutralizing activity was determined by detecting a significant reduction or complete blocking of virus replication in MARC-145 cells in the presence of individual mAbs. mAbs could be categorized into 3 groups: enhancing, neutralizing and neither. Viral epitopes which are capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies appeared to reside on the M, GP3 and GP5 proteins, while epitopes that may induce ADE-mediating antibody were associated with the N and GP5 proteins. Identification of the viral proteins and antigens and epitopes responsible for ADE- and VN-mediating antibodies may provide the basis for developing efficacious second-generation vaccines for the control of PRRS virus; yet, further epitope mapping remains to be done.     

我国鸡传染性支气管炎病毒地方性流行毒株S1基因的RT-PCR扩增及其克隆与鉴定

采用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法,以ＩＢＶＳ１全基因特异性引物分别从我国华东（ＨＤ）、华北（ＨＢ）、华中（ＨＺ）、华南（ＨＮ）、西北（ＸＢ）及东北（ＤＢ）等地的ＩＢＶ流行株基因组中扩增出预期的１．７ｋｂ左右的ＤＮＡ片段。ＰＣＲ产物的ＨａｅＩＩ酶切分析及其与英国ＩＢＶＳ１全基因核酸探针的分子杂交证实所获６个ＩＢＶ流行株的ＰＣＲ产物为ＩＢＶＳ１基因。将此６个毒株的Ｓ１基因ＰＣＲ产物分别进行５’和３’端的ＢａｍＨＩ和ＨｉｎｄＩＩ酶切识别位点的分子修饰之后插入到克隆质粒ｐＵＣ１８的ＢａｍＨＩ／ＨｉｎｄＩＩ位点,在大肠杆菌中实现了目的基因的分子克隆。Ｓ１基因的ＲＦＬＰ分析表明我国ＩＢＶ已有分子水平的变异。     

Ciliary activity: a criterion for associating resistance to infectious bronchitis virus infection with ELISA antibody titer

Vaccination and challenge experiments using infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were conducted on groups of specific-pathogen-free chickens. Three weeks post-vaccination with one of the four IBV strains used, chickens were challenged with the homologous immunizing strain of IBV. Subsequently, the chickens were sacrificed, their tracheas were examined for ciliostasis, and the specific IBV antibody content of their sera was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results showed that protection was conferred by primary vaccination, as ciliostasis was not observed in tracheas from groups vaccinated and then challenged. No protection was observed in control groups that received only a challenge exposure, and the virus was readily recovered from their tracheas. Homologous protection was present in chickens that had ELISA titers as low as 624 and neutralization indices as low as 2.9, whereas susceptible controls had titers of less than 100 and less than 1.0, respectively.