共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 578 毫秒
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目前,玻利维亚森林认证总面积为 886 977 hm2,其中包括租借地、私有林和社区经营的森林。认证的社区森林的总面积为5.3万hm2,均属于Lonerio社区林业项目所有,其森林管理者是当地社区。认证者是社区代理组织APCOB(即对玻利维亚东部农民和土著人的支持)/CICOL(即玻利维亚东部公共中心)。 玻利维亚社区管理的森林面积为 258 821 hm2。为通过森林管理委员会(FSC)的认证,社区按FSC的要求制定了这片林地的森林经营计划,并按其计划进行了森林管理。FSC的主要要求之一是需要认证的经营单位必须按照FSC认证的原则和标准… 相似文献
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对4家森林认证管理委员会(FSC)认证单位的森林经营方案和森林认证报告进行分析研究,总结开展森林经营认证的特点:经营目标多样性;重视环境和社会影响评价;关注高保护价值森林;森林监测全面深入。对国内开展森林认证存在的问题进行思考:经营目标单一,且分解过细;未开展环境和社会影响评价;对高保护价值森林关注不够;对森林监测不全面。藉此,提出了相应对策。 相似文献
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随着经济社会的不断发展,森林逐渐受到政府和社会的重视,评价森林是否可持续经营是研究的关键。对国际、国家、区域3个水平的森林可持续经营评价体系进行了阐述,着重分析了我国国家层面、地区层次和森林经营单位层次的评价体系。从构建各个水平的可持续经营评价体系、加强森林可持续经营认证工作及建立政府管理和公众参与、社区共管机制三方面指出了森林可持续经营评价体系今后发展方向。 相似文献
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关于建立我国森林认证体系的思考 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
鉴于我国目前建立森林认证体系的必要性和紧迫性,提出在建立我国森林认证体系的过程中,必须吸收森林经营单位和非政府组织参加;我国森林认证体系应高标准,严要求,分步走;尽量做到与国外森林认证体系互认;对国外森林认证机构在我国开展森林认证在现阶段应采取扶持与鼓励政策;对我国出口木质林产品考虑改革现有出口退税政策的建议。 相似文献
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近年来森林认证在我国取得了较大进展,逐步成为我国森林资源管理制度的有益补充。森林认证的要求主要涉及环境、经济和社会等方面。现有的环境影响评估指南或操作规范主要针对建设项目,我国森林经营单位在开展森林认证的过程中,普遍面临着对环境影响评估的步骤、方法不了解和缺乏实践操作指南的问题。文中以国际、国内森林认证标准关于森林经营环境影响评估的具体要求为出发点,认为森林经营单位的日常环境影响评估包括总体评估和针对特定经营活动的评估,阐述了2类评估的具体内容及应评估的要素,指出在评估时应考虑的问题,在此基础上提出减缓负面环境影响的措施建议,以期为我国森林经营单位开展营林活动环境影响快速评估提供可操作的应用技术指南。 相似文献
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集体林权制度改革后FSC森林认证对我国人工林可持续经营的借鉴意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我国人工林面积居世界之首,但人工林的质量并不高,且大多林分结构简单,生物多样性低,针叶化现象较严重,不利于地力维持和林分生产力提高.基于FSC森林认证体系及其认证模式,分析林改后FSC森林认证体系对人工林可持续经营的借鉴作用,包括人工林的经营应在法制的框架内实施,人工林的发展要考虑生物多样性和社区利益,实现“近自然化经营”,制定规范的人工林经营方案等我国人工林可持续经营对策. 相似文献
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森林认证对一国林业政策的影响因不同经济体而异。文中首先从理论方面归纳出森林认证作为市场机制和林业政策作为政策机制相互矛盾但又相互联系、相互作用的特点。其次,结合实践,通过对比和评述不同类型经济体代表国家的森林认证及其对本国林业政策的影响发现:在发达经济体国家,森林认证与林业政策往往相互促进、协同发展;在发展中经济体国家,两者存在重叠,导致低效;在转型经济体国家,两者存在对抗。再次,考察并总结了影响森林认证和林业政策关系的主要因素,认为二者的关系与一国经济、社会发展形态以及对森林认证的认知程度和公民的参与程度有关。最后,提出建议并指明未来研究方向。 相似文献
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Tage Klingberg 《Small-Scale Forestry》2003,2(3):409-421
A perspective is presented on the role of forest certification in general and concerning small-scale forestry in particular.
Certification may be viewed as a tool to communicate with consumers, as a tool to influence forest management or as a game
of power and money. Market studies indicate that the end consumers have little interest in certification; the process seems
to be more of an issue for some large retailers of wood products. The impact of certification on forest management and thus
on the environment has not been studied extensively, and the original objective to stop devastation of tropical forests has
so far failed. Certification is a new type of regulation, not based on democratic institutions. Equal treatment, correct procedures
for appeal and transparency of decision processes are issues of governance yet to be addressed. The market penetration of
certification is increasing, but its importance is an open question. One possible scenario is that large retailers and their
large suppliers will adopt certification while the large number of smaller forest owners, wood processors and dealers abstain.
Small-scale forest owners do well to develop their own standpoint vis-à-vis certification and marketing. 相似文献
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Giulio Di Lallo Mauro Maesano Mauro Masiero Giuseppe Scarascia Mugnozza Marco Marchetti 《Small-Scale Forestry》2016,15(3):393-411
Small forest holders own approximately 55 % of European forests. Forest certification can effectively support smallholders in environmental and socio-economic terms and increasing their access to certification is a priority for all the certification systems. With the aim of gaining a better insight into the smallholder certification scenario, this study identifies and analyzes the main factors influencing the diffusion of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) smallholder certification in Europe. Potential strategies to help FSC meet the requirement of smallholders—and as a consequence enhance their access to certification—are pointed out. First, European FSC certification reports were reviewed; second, a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats-Analytic Network Process (SWOT-ANP) analysis was applied. The review of the reports shows that FSC certification allows achieving substantial environmental and social improvements, making a valuable contribution to ordinary management. The SWOT-ANP analysis reveals a common awareness that the FSC scheme has been customized for the small-scale forestry over the last years—indeed, the certificates issued annually are increasing—but the need to make further progress and to provide adequate technical-managerial support to smallholders during all certification phases still emerge. Results from the economic analysis highlight that certification may be a good opportunity to increase commercial relationships and exchanges, by facilitating the entrance of certified products to dedicated high-value markets. Findings also highlight social and environmental shortcomings concerning forest workers conditions and management practices. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):236-243
Abstract In this study, 236 regeneration areas (mostly clear-cuts) in southern Norway were selected by random stratified selection: 118 of the study units were cut before and 118 after the introduction of forest certification in 1998. The degree of compliance with biodiversity measures established in the prevailing certification standard (ISO 14001 and the Norwegian standard “Living Forests”) was compared in a field study, and the differences were analysed. In some aspects, a clear difference could be seen, most clearly in an increasing number of green retention trees and an increasing mean width of buffer-strips left along rivers, bogs and lakes in the postcertification units compared with the precertification units. Even though there was a significant increase in the mean number of retention trees, as much as 21% of the postcertification regeneration areas still did not have sufficient retention trees to comply with the certification standard and 41% had either too few retention trees or too few spruce trees according to the standard. Concerning the management of small swamp forests, and the damage done to terrain and prelogging coarse dead wood by off-road transport, little improvement was seen. The discussion examines whether it is probable that the changes seen are a result of forest certification in Norway. 相似文献
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森林认证对林业政策与管理的影响分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
森林认证作为一种市场激励手段和"软政策"工具,林业政策法规作为一种强制性的"硬政策"工具,这两方面在促进森林可持续经营和加强林业管理方面具有较强的互补性。目前,森林认证已发展成为加强林业政策管理的一种新工具,包括促进各方对林业问题和林业政策的讨论、推动国家法规政策的制定和实施、改进公有林的管理、提高森林可持续经营的意识和能力以及加强有关森林可持续经营的国际政策协商等。文章分析了森林认证与林业法规政策的关系,并对森林认证在推动包括我国在内的林业政策管理中的作用进行了探讨。 相似文献