DNA免疫防制鸡传染性支气管炎的探索研究

ＯＲＦ完整的ＩＢＶ类Ｍ４１株Ｓ１基因ｃＤＮＡ插入真核表达质粒ｐＣＩ ＣＭＶ启动子下游我隆位点，构成ｐＣＩＳ１用于１周龄ＳＰＦ雏鸡的ＤＮＡ免疫试验。试验鸡生疏腿部肌肉注射ｐＣＩＳ１ＤＮＡ１００ｇ，２周后加强免疫一次。二次免疫２周后，代感染ＩＢＶ Ｈ５２株。结果，ＩＢＶ人工感染后第４天气管－泄殖腔棉拭子鸡胚病毒分离阳性者，免疫试验组为１／６，而对照组为６／６，鸡胚病毒中和试验显示，二次免疫后临感染前及     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒单克隆抗体的应用

通过中和试验证明，Ｂ３４腹水单克隆抗体中和ＩＢＤＶ ＣＡ株和中和效价高达１：４２００００。经１０倍稀释后，能等量中和含毒量为１０＾６．６２５ＴＣＩＤ５０／ｍｌ的ＩＢＤＶ ＣＡ株细胞毒。利用Ｂ３４腹水单克隆抗体建立了ＭＡｂ－ＡＣ－ＥＬＩＳＡ，可用于测定ＩＢＤＶ ＣＡ株细胞的病毒含量，与ＴＣＩＤ５０之间的相关系数为０．９４。     

鸡传染性支气管炎北京地方株S1基因的克隆与鉴定

利用反转录套式聚合酶链反应技术从北京地区３株鸡性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）分离株中扩增出１０５４ｂｐＳ１基因高变区。利用限制性内切酶ＳｉｎＩ和ＰｓｔⅠ的酶切位点分析图谱进一步证实了ＲＴ－ｎｅｓｔｅｄＰＣＲ的特异性。将３段Ｓ１基因分别克隆到ＰＵＣ１９质粒中,获得重组质粒ＰＵＣＩＢＶＳ１－ＢＪ１,ＰＵＣＩＢＶＳ１－ＢＪ２和ＰＵＣＩＢＶＳ１－ＢＪ３。     

抗鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒单克隆抗体中和株的建立

将纯化的鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）组织毒免疫的ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ鼠脾细胞与ＳＰ２／０骨髓瘤细胞融合，用ＥＬＩＳＡ，病毒中和试验检测分泌抗体，获得了６株稳定分泌抗ＩＢＤＶ单隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞，命名为ＮＩＢ－１，ＮＩＢ－２，ＮＩＢ－３，ＮＩＢ－４，ＮＩＢ－５，ＮＩＢ－６；６株ＭＣＡｂ均具ＥＬＩＳＡ特性和免疫沉淀特性，亚类鉴定表明，前４株属于ＩｇＧ２ａ，后２株属于ＩｇＧ１。杂交瘤细胞冻存６个月后复苏，均     

传染性腔上囊病病毒超强毒致弱株GZ20 VP2基因的克隆和序列分析

根据已发表的５２／７０株传染性腔上囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）基因组序列,设计并合成了一对物异扩增ＩＢＤＶ ＶＰ２基因的引物。以超强毒ＩＢＤＶ（ｖｖＩＢＤＶ）致弱株ＧＺ２０基因组为模板利用技术扩增出了１．５ｋｂ的ｃＤＮＡ产物,将ＶＰ２基因克隆于ｐＵＣ１１９质粒上,得到重组ｐＵＣ１１９质粒。并对ＶＰ２基因全序列测定,序列分析和聚类分析表明,该致弱株与无毒疫苗株ＰＢＧ９８和弱毒株ＣＵ－１非常相似,而与经典强毒     

表达大肠杆菌耐热性肠毒素1—β半乳糖苷酶融合蛋白菌株的构建

将含大肠杆菌耐热性肠毒素Ｉ（ＳＴＩ）结构基因的质粒ＰＢＳＴ２－６用限制性内切酶ＢａｍＨＩ和Ｂｇ１Ⅱ消化，经３％琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离、透析袋电洗脱法回收１４７ｂｐＳＴＩ基因片段，再将含ＬａｃＺ基因的载体ＰＵＣ１８用ＢａｍＨＩ消化、碱性磷酸酶处理、然后将处理的ＰＵＣ１８ＤＮＡ与１４７ｂｐＳＴ１ＤＮＡ通过Ｔ４ＤＮＡ连接酶酶性进粘末端连接。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒超强毒HZ株和XN株VP2基因的克隆和序列比较

根据已发表的５２／７０株ＩＢＤＶ基因组序列,设计并合成了一对特异扩增ＩＢＤＶ ＶＰ２基因的引物。以陕西地区分离的ＩＢＤＶ野毒ＸＮ株,ＨＺ株为材料,以其基因组为模板利用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术扩增出了１．５ｋｂ的ｃＤＮＡ产物,将ＶＰ２基因克隆于ＰＵＣ１１９质粒上,得到重组ＰＵＣ１１９质粒。     

加拿大家畜冷冻精液制作考察报告

加拿大家畜冷冻精液制作考察报告刘文（陕西省家畜改良站，泾阳永乐店，７１３７０２）加拿大共有６个人工授精中心，从西到东分别是：ＢＣＡＩ──大不列颠哥伦比亚人工授精中心；ＷＢＳＬ──西部育种者人工授精中心；ＷＯＢＩ──安大略西部育种者人工授精中心；ＵＢＩ...     

马立克氏病病毒囊膜糖蛋白B抗原Ⅰ型特异性和群共同性决定簇的单克隆抗体

用能表达马立克氏病病毒（ＭＤＶ）糖蛋白Ｂ（ｇＢ）的重组杆状病毒感染的Ｓｆ９细胞免疫小鼠，制备针对ＭＤＶｇＢ的单克隆抗体。以Ⅰ型马立克氏病病毒ＧＡ株感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞作为检测抗原，同时以免疫荧光试验（ＩＦＡ）和酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）来筛选杂交瘤细胞，结果获得了ＩＦＡ和ＥＬＩＳＡ均为阳性的２株单克隆抗体细胞株，定名为ＢＡ４和ＢＤ８。在ＩＦＡ和免疫沉淀试验中，单抗ＢＤ８与Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型ＭＤＶ均呈阳性反应；单抗ＢＡ４只对Ⅰ型ＭＤＶ（包括ＣＶＩ９８８疫苗株）呈阳性反应。免疫沉淀反应进一步确证２株单抗识别的是ＭＤＶ糖蛋白Ｂ抗原。     

IBD野毒株的培育

由国内ＩＢＤ高发地区分离到一株ＩＢＤ野毒，使现地鸡群发病率９６％，死亡率６０％以上，为一株超强毒。将该毒株分离，纯化，经鸡胚及鸡胚成纤维细胞传代，得到一株ＩＢＤ超强毒的细胞适应株，毒价高达２．０×１０８ＰＦＵ／ｍｌ以上。回归本动物，经免疫原性试验，致病性试验及返祖试验，证明该毒株免疫原性较好而致病力降低。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -