鸡传染性支气管炎病毒肾型毒株血凝特性的研究

本文对鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）澳大利亚Ｔ株和分离的四株肾型毒株（ＢＪ＿（９３０１）、ＢＪ＿（９３０２）、ＴＪ＿（９３０１）、ＨＮ＿（９３０１）株）的血凝特性进行了系统研究。结果表明ＩＢＶ供试毒株经１～２％胰蛋白酶处理后，能凝集鸡和小鼠红细胞，同一毒株对两种红细胞的凝集价相近，且均能被ＩＢＶ澳大利亚Ｔ株血清所抑制。处理后的ＩＢＶ对鸡红细胞的血凝以缓冲液浓度０．０１～０．０５ＭｐＨ６．０～８．４为宜，对反应温度及稀释液种类无严格要求。ＩＢＶ的血凝活性能耐受３７℃２３天、５６℃１２小时、８０℃１．５小时，但在－３０℃、４℃和室温下保存２个月后，绝大部分丧失血凝活性。ＩＢＶ经０．２％甲醛、０．２％脱氧胆酸钠、２％硼氢化钠、０．０１Ｍ高碘酸钠３７℃灭活２４小时，仍能保持其血凝活性。从ＩＢＶ的血凝活性可被过量胰蛋白酶破坏和氯仿灭活，推断该血凝素可能是由脂质和蛋白质组成。     

用单抗介导的荧光抗体技术检测鸡尿囊细胞内传染性支气管炎病毒的研究

用传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）Ｈ１２０、Ｈ５２、Ｍ４１、ＡＲＫ、澳大利亚Ｔ株、野外分离株ＲＳ、ＲＹ及鸡新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）、鸡传染性法氏囊病毒（ＩＢＤＶ），鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒（ＩＬＴＶ）、减蛋综合症病毒（ＥＤＳＶ）等分别接种９日龄ＳＰＦ鸡胚，３７℃孵育４８小时后，将其尿囊液离心，沉淀用ＰＢＳ悬浮，涂片，用抗ＩＢＶ单抗ＭＣ作一抗、进行间接荧光抗体检测。结果：Ｈ１２Ｏ、Ｈ５２、Ｍ４１“ＡＲＫ、Ｔ株及ＲＳ、ＲＹ均显阳性，而ＮＤＶ、ＩＢＤＶ、ＩＬＴＶ、ＥＤＳＶ均为阴性。结果表明、用此法检测鸡胚尿囊液中ＩＢＶ．具有快速、敏感、特异的优点。     

EDS——76陕西分离株理化与血凝特性的研究

本文对ＥＤＳ－７６陕西分离株的部分理化特性及血凝特性进行了初步研究。结果表明：该株对乙醚和氯仿不敏感、对酸，对热敏感，５６℃、６０℃、７０℃１ｈ均可使其失去对鸭胚的感染性，染料的光动力作用对其感染性也有影响。该病毒能凝集鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽子和麻雀的红细胞，且血凝性能好，但不能凝集燕子，牛、马、绵羊、兔、狗、小白鼠和豚鼠的红细胞；其中对ＥＤＳ－７６病毒能凝集麻雀而不能凝集燕子红细胞特性的确定，属国内外尚     

EDS—BH91毒株血凝特性的研究

本试验主要从红细胞凝集谱、凝集解脱情况以及血凝性的影响因素几方面对本室分离的ＥＤＳ－ＢＨ９１毒株和ＥＤＳ－７６ＡＶ１２７毒株进行了比较系统的测定。试验结果表明：两毒株均能凝集鸡、鸭、鹅的红细胞，而且２４小时内无解脱现象；对兔红细胞呈可疑；对人、奶牛、绵辜、猪、小鼠、驴的红细胞不能凝集。血凝反应的最适温度产３７℃；最适红细胞浓度为１％；分别以ｐＨ７．４，浓度为０．０１、０．０４、．０．１、０．２Ｍ以     

传染性法氏囊病病毒与鸡淋巴细胞的凝集作用

检测了４株传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）血清Ｉ型野外株和１株血清Ｉ型参考标准株凝集鸡末梢血中淋巴细胞的能力，所有５株毒均可凝集鸡淋巴细胞，血清Ｉ型抗ＩＢＤＶ血清不能抑制凝集作用。因此，有必要详细分析ＩＢＤＶ配体与细胞表面受体的关系。     

大肠杆菌新菌毛抗原的研究Ⅰ．菌毛抗原及其血凝活性测定

Ｎｏ．１和Ｎｏ．２两株大肠杆菌产生一种新菌毛抗原（暂定名Ｆ１９８７），并有性菌毛形成；菌毛直径３．６３６ｎｍ，性菌毛直径４．２ｎｍ。抗Ｄ－甘露糖血凝试验（ＭＲＨＡ）表明：本菌毛抗原具有独特的血凝谱，能稳定地凝集人（Ａ、Ｂ、ＡＢ、Ｏ）及貂的红血球，不凝集豚鼠、绵羊、山羊、马、牛、家兔、犬、貉子、小白鼠、鸡、鸽、鹌鹑等动物的红血球，对猪红血球凝集不稳定；血凝作用仅能被相应菌毛因子血清所抑制，不被Ｋ＿８８、Ｋ＿９９、Ｆ＿４１，及ＣＦＡ／Ⅰ、ＣＦＡ／Ⅱ等菌毛因子血清所抑制。血凝作用存在４℃－３７℃－４℃的凝集－解脱－复凝集现象。用Ｍｉｎｃａ培养基做３７℃培养１８～２４ｈ，可使菌毛抗原良好表达。在玻片凝集反应、反向间接血凝及反向间接血凝抑制试验中，本菌毛抗原与动物中常见的Ｋ＿８８、Ｋ＿９９、９８７Ｐ、Ｆ＿４１，及人源ＣＦＡ／Ⅰ、ＣＦＡ／Ⅱ等菌毛抗原不存在类属反应。     

鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、传染性法氏囊病三联油乳剂灭活疫苗研制及应用

用新城疫病毒（ Ｎ Ｄ Ｖ） Ｌａ Ｓｏｔａ 株、鸡传染性支气管炎病毒 （ Ｉ Ｂ Ｖ） Ｍ４ １ 株接种鸡胚, 收获含毒鸡胚尿液。用传染性法氏囊病病毒 （ Ｉ Ｂ Ｄ Ｖ） 地方强毒 Ｈ Ｂ９ ０ ９ 株接种３０ ～４０ 日龄肉用鸡, 发病后取囊组织 （ 或收集 Ｉ Ｂ Ｄ 典型发病鸡囊组织） 制备成含毒组织悬液。将三种病毒液按一定比例混合, 制备成三联油乳剂灭活苗。三联苗免疫１８ 日～２８ 日龄雏鸡, 免疫后２１ 天攻毒测保护力, 三种传染病保护率均在９０ ％ ～１００ ％ , Ｎ Ｄ Ｈ Ｉ抗体≥１∶３２ , Ｉ Ｂ Ｄ Ｖ Ａ Ｇ Ｐ阳性率１００ ％ , Ｉ Ｂ Ｖ Ｎ 抗体≥１∶８ , 疫苗免疫期可达４ 个月以上。疫苗在４ ℃～８ ℃保存期为１８ 个月, １０ ℃～２０ ℃保存为６ 个月, 该疫苗在全省不同地区、不同品种鸡应用１５ 万羽份, 取得理想免疫效果。     

鸡新城疫病毒HB92株生物学特性研究（II）：对热的稳定性及在鸡群中的…

将ＮＤＶＨＢ９２株分别置４℃，２０℃，３７℃条件下保存，每隔一周测定血凝价（ＨＡ）和对鸡胚的感染力（ＥＩＤ５０）结果为毒株为３７℃保存７ｄ，在２０℃至少保存３ｄ，其ＨＡ价和ＥＩＤ５０保持不变，４℃保存６０ｄ效价不变，同时说明了ＨＢ９２疫苗株血凝特性和感染力存在不一致性，该毒株经５６℃水浴处理６ｈ，血凝性和对鸡胚的感染力不变，用ＨＢ９２株对１７日龄雏鸡进行滴鼻，拌料及同居感染免疫，３周后ＮＤＨＩ抗体     

5种消毒药对鸡传染性腔上囊病病毒的杀灭效果试验

用市售的腆类化合物、氯制剂、双季铵盐类化合物、酚类制剂和醛类制剂与鸡传染性腔上囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）相混合,在４℃和３０℃作用２４ｈ,用１０００ＩＤ５０的剂量作用后的病毒液感染２３日龄健康ＡＡ鸡。感染后７２ｈ扑杀试验鸡,取期腔上囊,用ＩＢＤ－ＥＬＩＳＡ快速诊断盒检测ＩＢＤＶ抗原,仍呈阳性反应;用３ｍＬ／Ｌ的甲醛溶液与ＩＢＤＶ病毒液混合,在３７℃作用２４、３６和４８ｈ后,按以上剂量感染鸡,感染后７２ｈ扑杀,取其腔上囊,用ＩＢＤ－ＥＬＩＳＡ快速诊断盒 检测ＩＢＤＶ抗原,全部呈阴性。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒的血凝作用

将猪传染性胃肠炎病毒Ａ株在ＩＢＲＳ２细胞上增殖，增减物经差速离心浓缩后与鸡红细胞出现了高凝集价。这种凝集作用能被兔抗ＴＧＥＶ高免血清所抑制。试验的最适反反应体积分数０．５０％红细胞４℃作用１ｈ。通过反复建立了一种简单实用的血凝抗原制备方法，病毒增减液不需浓缩可直接应用。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein