一株鸭源莫拉菌的分离与鉴定

为了研究莫拉菌对蛋鸭的致病性及耐药性,试验采用分离培养、生化试验和PCR检测的方法进行细菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验。结果表明:分离出的革兰阴性球杆菌为莫拉菌;该分离菌对青霉素已不敏感,对硫酸庆大霉素、诺氟沙星、头孢曲松钠、丁胺卡那霉素和氧氟沙星高度敏感。说明莫拉菌的耐药性正逐渐增强。     

猪魏氏梭菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

从某规模猪场病死猪肠内容物中分离出1株疑似魏氏梭菌的细菌,并对该菌进行了形态学观察、形态培养、生化试验和动物试验。经鉴定该菌为魏氏梭菌,通过药敏试验结果显示,该菌对氨苄青霉素、庆大霉素、环丙沙星、磺胺嘧啶、头孢哌酮、阿米卡星敏感;对氟哌酸、氯霉素中度敏感;对卡那霉素、氨苄西林、链霉素和四环素耐药。     

猪链球菌2型的分离鉴定及免疫预防

从某猪场分离到一株细菌,通过培养特性、菌体形态、菌落形态、染色特性、生化试验及血清学试验等一系列的系统鉴定,确定为猪链球菌2型。动物致病性试验表明该菌对小白鼠和仔猪有较强的致病性,引起其死亡。药敏试验证明该菌对青霉素、氯霉素等高度敏感,对头孢拉定、卡那霉素等中度敏感,对氟派酸等不敏感。分离菌制成油佐剂灭活苗能有效的预防该猪场猪群的发病。     

鱼嗜水气单胞菌的分离鉴定

从陕西省甘养殖场送检的病鱼中分离到1株革兰氏阴性杆菌，培养特征观察笔生化特性分析结果证实为嗜水气单胞菌；小鼠和金鱼致病性试验证实分离菌具有致病性；药敏试验结果表明该菌对链毒素、万古霉素等高度敏感，对羧苄青霉素、氟哌酸等不敏感。用该菌制成灭活免疫金鱼保护力可达到80％以上。     

羊源链球菌的分离鉴定及其生物学特性研究

从我区某羊场流产波尔山羊的胎儿与羊水中分离到一株球菌。将该菌人工感染试验动物,证实为致病菌。通过对该菌的形态特征、培养特性、生化特性及致病特性等进一步进行检测,证明该分离菌为羊链球菌。同时对该细胞的耐药性进行了检测,结果表明,该菌对庆大霉素、卡那霉素高敏,而对青霉素产生了极强的耐药性。     

羊源产酸克雷伯菌的分离鉴定及感染小鼠的转录组学研究

【目的】分离鉴定羊源产酸克雷伯菌,探讨产酸克雷伯菌对动物的致病机制。【方法】采集海南黑山羊肺脏组织样品进行细菌分离培养,通过生化试验及16S rRNA基因检测方法对分离株进行鉴定,并对分离菌进行药敏试验、小鼠致病性试验、RNA-Seq分析和差异表达基因(DEGs)分析。【结果】分离出1株革兰阴性短杆状细菌,胰蛋白胨大豆琼脂培养基上为光滑圆形的乳白色菌落。分离菌能分解葡萄糖、乳糖、蔗糖等几种碳水化合物,靛基质试验阳性。16S rRNA基因检测结果显示,分离株与已公布序列的相似性>99%,鉴定该分离菌为产酸克雷伯菌,命名为KOHN1。药敏试验结果显示,分离菌KOHN1对青霉素、苯唑青霉素、氨苄青霉素、羧苄青霉素、头孢氨苄、麦迪霉素、万古霉素和克林霉素具有耐药性,而对于其余21种抗菌药敏感。分离菌KOHN1攻毒小鼠后,肺脏组织病理学切片观察到小鼠肺部充血、水肿和渗出等急性炎症。DEGs富集分析显示,炎症细胞因子和趋化因子的DEGs在小鼠肺脏中大量表达。【结论】本试验成功分离出1株产酸克雷伯菌,分离株对小鼠致病性较强,免疫反应通路在病菌侵染过程中发挥着重要作用。该研究结果为后续产酸克雷伯...     

抗青霉素猪丹毒菌株的研究

近年来,我们从某些发生猪丹毒病的猪体内分离到一种对青霉素有抗药性的革兰氏阳性细菌,经过常规细菌学检查,包括形态、染色、培养、小动物接种试验、小白鼠免疫保护试验、治疗试验、抗菌素抑菌试验以及菌型鉴定证明:该菌是A型猪丹毒杆菌。最近一些年来,在实践中发现许多病原菌不断出现对抗菌素的耐药菌株,一般认为,猪丹毒菌对青霉素敏感,不易产生抗药性,虽然有人在试管抑菌试验中发现过一株对青霉素有抗药性的猪丹毒菌株,但目前似尚未见到从自然发病猪体内     

猪链球菌2型的分离鉴定及免疫预防

从某猪场分离到一株细菌，通过培养特性、菌体形态、菌落形态、染色特性、生化试验及血清学试验等一系列的系统鉴定，确定为猪链球菌2型。动物致病性试验表明该菌对小白鼠和仔猪有较强的致病性，引起其死亡。药敏试验证明该菌对青霉素、氯霉素等高度敏感，对头抱拉定、卡那霉素等中度敏感，对痢特灵、氟派酸等不敏感。分离菌制成油佐剂灭活苗能有效的预防该猪场猪群的发病。     

一株松鼠猴假结核耶尔森菌的分离与鉴定

2014年12月22日,扬州动物园内的1只松鼠猴突然发生死亡。解剖该松鼠猴可见其肺脏、肾脏、脾脏及肠道上呈现白色圆形、干酪样、大小不等的坏死病灶。无菌采集肝脏和脾脏后,在麦康凯琼脂板、血清琼脂板和鲜血琼脂板上进行细菌的分离鉴定。纯培养后,鲜血琼脂板上可见干燥的灰黄色的菌落。经生化试验和16S rDNA试验鉴定为假结核耶尔森菌:致病性试验的结果也表明该菌为该松鼠猴的致病菌。药敏试验结果表明该菌对羧苄青霉素和头孢噻肟比较敏感。     

耐氨苄西林牛无乳链球菌的分离、鉴定与耐药性分析

为了研究牛乳房炎的预防措施,试验从天津某奶牛场乳房炎牛乳中分离出1株细菌,并进行了细菌的培养、菌落形态观察、生化试验及分子生物学诊断和耐药性分析。结果表明:该病原菌是牛无乳链球菌;该菌对青霉素耐药,对万古霉素、红霉素、阿奇霉素、阿莫西林、环丙沙星和头孢类抗生素等敏感。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein