福建省毛竹混交林竹林结构比较研究

通过对浦城县古楼乡毛竹阔叶树混交林、毛竹杉木混交林、毛竹杉木阔叶树混交林及毛竹纯林等4种不同经营模式林分比较,结果表明:混交林毛竹个体生物量、毛竹胸径和竹高较大,不同模式林分的胸径、竹高、冠幅等生长因子有显著差异;竹阔混交林较有利于竹鞭孕芽发笋;各模式竹林结构综合评判为一般经营竹林;竹林竹鞭长、鞭径、鞭节生长以竹阔比例为5∶5林分竹鞭较好。     

毛竹实生苗造林基肥种类比较研究

用复合肥、钾肥、磷肥及饼肥4种不同基肥进行毛竹实生苗造林试验,连续3年对其各项生长指标进行观测调查,结果表明:4种不同基肥对毛竹实生林生长均有明显的促进作用,其中第1年和第3年生长效应较弱,第2年效应明显,竹冠幅、地径、竹高等指标差异显著.主要生长指标均大于对照,不同基肥种类对毛竹生长的影响有较大差异,其中复合肥作用效果最好,钾肥作用效果最差.最后讨论了产生第3年后生长效应减弱的原因.     

毛竹混交林林分生长状况和结构特征研究

对福建省建阳交溪毛竹阔叶树混交林、毛竹杉木混交林、毛竹杉木阔叶树混交林及毛竹纯林等6种不同混交模式林分生长状况进行比较,结果表明:混交林毛竹个体生物量、毛竹胸径和竹高较大,不同模式林分间的胸径、竹高、冠幅等生长因子均达显著差异;竹阔混交林较有利于竹鞭孕芽发笋;各模式竹林结构综合评判为一般经营竹林;竹林竹鞭长、鞭径、鞭节生长以竹阔比例为5:5林分竹鞭较好。     

ABT生根粉应用于毛竹丰产栽培试验

应用５种型号２种剂型的ＡＢＴ生根粉喷施毛竹竹鞭试验，结果表明，施用ＡＢＴ生根粉能明显促进毛竹竹鞭根孕笋能力，提高出笋数和笋产量，以ＡＢＴ１０号增产幅度最大，达３８３．５％；施用ＡＢＴ生根粉能明显促进新竹的形成。     

毛竹实生苗造林基肥种类比较研究

用复合肥、钾肥、磷肥及饼肥作基肥 ,进行毛竹实生苗造林 2年生时对其 6项生长指标进行调查统计 ,分析结果表明 :4种不同基肥处理对毛竹的生长均有明显的促进作用 ,各项生长指标均大于不施肥。不同种类的基肥对毛竹生长的影响有较大差异     

毛竹垦复影响竹鞭生长效果分析

毛竹不仅是我国重要的用材树种之一，也是重要的经济栽培竹种，在竹类资源中占有最大的面积。为了解垦复对毛竹竹鞭生长的影响，笔者在2007年11月对垦复毛竹林竹鞭的生长状况进行了调查，毛竹经过垦复后，可使竹鞭分布加深、数量增加、鞭径增粗、节间增长、健壮芽比例增加，有利于毛竹的丰产增收。     

毛竹垦复扩鞭试验初报

毛竹造林后,其竹鞭范围不断扩大。在肥沃疏松的土壤条件下,毛竹竹鞭生长快,竹鞭质量也高。潜山县在实施世行贷款林业持续发展项目进行竹林垦复时,通过试验发现,深翻垦复能使单鞭变短,鞭段数增加;竹蔸施肥能促进竹鞭的长度生长,有利于竹鞭范围的扩展;垦复扩鞭对新竹株数、扩展范围的影响极显著。     

毛竹人工林改造技术试验初报

对毛竹低产人工林分进行改造技术试验，连续观测3年，结果表明，各处理各年度对毛竹生长3个指标差异显著，尤以施化肥、饼肥及全垦对出笋数、胸径有极显著差异，增产显著。     

高节竹与毛竹鞭笋品质和适口性比较

高节竹是优良的笋材兼用竹种, 竹鞭延伸生长能力强, 具有较高的鞭笋生产潜力。为评价高节竹鞭笋品质和适口性, 以毛竹鞭笋为对照, 比较两者外观形态和营养物质、呈味物质含量的差异。结果表明:与毛竹鞭笋相比, 高节竹鞭笋略长, 个体质量、基径和蛋白质、纤维素、木质素、单宁、草酸、总酸含量明显较低, 而可食率、糖酸比和脂肪、可溶性糖含量明显较高。高节竹、毛竹鞭笋除鲜味氨基酸含量差异不明显外, 高节竹鞭笋的氨基酸总量及其它氨基酸组分的含量显著低于毛竹鞭笋, 但鲜味氨基酸、甜味氨基酸和芳香类氨基酸组分比例显著高于毛竹鞭笋, 苦味氨基酸组分比例明显低于毛竹鞭笋。研究表明, 高节竹鞭笋较为粗大、可食率高、粗糙度低、适口性好, 质量总体优于毛竹鞭笋。     

毛竹不同繁殖材料造林效果分析

通过对竹蔸、竹鞭、无鞭母竹、有鞭母竹等繁殖材料形成林分5年的观测，结果表明：有鞭母竹成活率、出笋率、长竹率、新竹生长等指标较好，但造林成本较高，竹蔸造林其次，无鞭母竹造林虽成活，但不长竹。综合考虑，选择毛竹繁殖材料的次序为有鞭母竹、竹蔸、竹鞭。而无鞭母竹不能上山造林。     

大理州核桃林不同绿色肥料施肥效果试验研究

对核桃林（产前期、初果期、盛果期）分别施用不同绿肥及施肥次数试验，结果表明：产前期以冠幅生长差异最显著，其次是树高，差异最小的是地径，以施混合肥及一年施3次的生长最好；初果期以冠幅生长和产量差异最显著，其次是地径，差异最小的是树高，以施混合施肥和一年施3次的生长最好；盛果期以产量差异最显著，其次是冠幅，差异最小的是地径和树高，施用混合肥产量每株年增产10．5kg。从外观上看，施用沼液和硼砂加硫酸锌肥料的，核桃林木叶片更绿、更大、更厚；不施肥和就地埋茅草、枯枝落叶的林木叶子变黄，而且落叶早。     

3种氨基酸对火炬松苗期生长的影响

分析1 a 生火炬松（Pinus taeda）幼苗施复合肥前后氨基酸含量变化,筛选出含量变化较大的3种氨基酸,设置3种氨基酸不同浓度组合,采用土壤施肥和叶面喷施,通过方差分析及 Duncan 多重比较检验,筛选出合适火炬松的氨基酸浓度组合和施肥方法。结果表明：（1）施用复合肥前后氨基酸含量变化较大的有9种,其中缬氨酸、组氨酸、天冬酰胺含量较大,且均为水溶性氨基酸;（2）总整体来看,芭田复合肥对苗木的生长促进效果不如氨基酸施肥;（3）采用土壤施肥,缬氨酸0.192 g/L+组氨酸0.163 g/L+天冬酰胺0.309 g/L 对苗高和生物量的促进效果最好;采用叶面喷施,缬氨酸0.256 g/L+组氨酸0.163 g/L+天冬酰胺0.412 g/L 对苗高和生物量的促进效果最好;（4）在5项生长量指标测定中,叶面喷施的指标值大部分高于土壤施肥。综上所述,对火炬松幼苗生长促进效果最优的施肥方式为叶面喷施缬氨酸0.256 g/L+组氨酸0.163 g/L+天冬酰胺0.412 g/L。     

Effects of boron fertilization in the nursery or after planting on the performance of Norway spruce seedlings on boron-poor sites

Many forest soils in Finland are poor in boron (B), especially otherwise fertile (nitrogen-rich) soils and peatlands. Boron deficiency causes growth disorders affecting young Norway spruce (Picea abies) stands. We studied the effects of B fertilization on the growth and morphology of Norway spruce seedlings. Boron was applied in a nursery and/or after planting in a nursery-field and on a reforestation site, both known to be low in B. The B applied in the nursery increased foliar B concentration in a linear relationship to the amount of B fertilizer but did not affect seedling growth and morphology. Even the highest foliar B concentration (approx. 400 mg kg^?1) did not have harmful effects on the seedlings. Therefore, B fertilization in the nursery can be used for increasing B storage in needles. Boron fertilization at planting increased foliar B concentration in the first season. Afterward, the concentration decreased but remained above the deficiency limit for at least 4–5 years. In the B-poor nursery-field, nonfertilized seedlings began to produce multiple leaders in the second year. On the reforestation site, fewer multiple leaders were found. At the nursery-field site, height growth was stimulated by B fertilization at planting. In conclusion, 200–400 mg m^?2 (2–4 kg ha^?1) of B applied at planting has longer-lasting effects on seedling B status than does B fertilization applied in the nursery, and can improve seedling quality and growth in the first years after planting on B-poor sites.     

施肥对尾叶桉萌芽林生长的影响

尾叶桉萌芽林的施肥研究较少,国内的桉树施肥研究主要集中在第1代苗木造林。本试验研究结果表明,施肥对尾叶桉萌芽林当年高生长有极其显著的促进作用,并随施肥量的增加而提高,但随着时间的推移,这种高生长与施肥量成正相关的关系不断减弱。对胸径生长的调查结果有与同高生长相一致的规律,随时间的推移处理间的差异不断变小。对比树高生长,处理间胸径的差异更加显著,直至施肥后3a,在P＝0.1水准上仍然差异显著。施肥促进高、径生长的同时,提高了材积和出顶率,从而明显提高了利润。但对比尾叶桉实生林更加显著的施肥效果,建议把有限的肥料用于实生林施肥,将更大程度地提高其产量和经济效益。     

Nutritional status and genetic variation in the response to nutrient availability in Pinus pinaster. A multisite field study in Northwest Spain

The low nutrient availability of the acidic and sandy soils of Galicia (Northwest Spain) is probably the main environmental factor limiting forest primary productivity in the area. These particular edaphic conditions could have imposed selective pressures on maritime pine populations leading to specific local adaptations.We first assessed the nutritional status of 22 young contemporary Pinus pinaster plantations in Northwest Spain, and then analysed the response to fertilization in three family × fertilization trials, and how this response varied across sites and genotypes.Growth of P. pinaster in Northwest Spain appeared to be largely limited by nutrient availability, where most of the plantations showed severe nutrient deficiencies, especially in P and Mg. According to these deficiencies, a strong positive response to nutrient additions was observed in the three trials, with height increments of up to 30% compared with the unfertilized control. However, the response to fertilizers was very variable from site to site, and in some cases did not agree with the foliar nutritional diagnosis. The response to fertilization was also significantly affected by pine genotype, suggesting that the plastic response to nutrient additions within each environment was under genetic control. However, the family response to nutrient availability was not consistent across sites, and no significant differences among families were observed for the RDPI plasticity index – a single index that summarizes the phenotypic change in multiple environments – when analysed across environments.The strong environmental component modulating phenotypic responses to fertilization could impose an important obstacle to evolve specific adaptations to the local edaphic conditions, as well as to artificially select genotypes adapted to different environments and silviculture regimes.     

人工林精准施肥研究进展

施肥是实现人工林速生丰产的重要手段,合理施肥可以维持土壤养分平衡,提高土壤质量,促进林木生长,同时减少环境负效应。人工林精准施肥是以农业精准施肥为基础形成的营林应用技术体系,主要包括林地管理单元精准划分、林地营养精准诊断、精准施肥及施肥效应精准检验。精准施肥技术在农业上取得了很大进展,但应用到人工林上还有很大的局限性。文中结合农林业施肥研究现状,分析实现人工林精准施肥所需解决的关键问题,提出人工林精准施肥的发展方向。     

不同施肥方式对速生巨尾桉生长效果的影响

为探讨施肥方式、坡位及肥料含量对速生巨尾桉生长量的影响,确定速生巨尾桉最佳施肥方案,以巨尾桉为试验对象,按不施肥、施基肥、施二次肥,采用上坡、中坡、下坡3因素3水平进行随机区组试验,调查各施肥方式下巨尾桉生长情况.结果 表明:与不施肥相比,在下坡施二次肥时,巨尾桉的生长量最高,较不施肥分别增加33.33％、62.61％...     

A new multivariate approach to foliar analyses for diagnostic purposes in mature Scots pine stands

The relationship between the needle dry weight and the contents of particular nutrients in pine needles is studied using multiple regression and path coefficient analysis. By joint use of all the information thus obtained it is possible to reach an objective assessment of the nutrient status of mature pine stands and to plan adequate fertilization without recourse to uncertain critical nutrient levels and to the difficult-to-interpret tree growth response. An example is presented of the application of this approach to a 72-year-old Scots pine stand.     

毛竹林不同施肥方式比较

通过毛竹林不同施肥方式对立竹质量、竹林产量以及竹蔸的影响试验，结果表明：伐桩施肥与沟施、穴施相比肥料损失少，输送迅速，并能加速竹蔸腐烂，具有显著的生长效应，是毛竹林一种较好的施肥方式。     

不同氮磷钾肥用量对糙花少穗竹笋产量和品质的影响

采用《测土配方施肥技术规范（试行）》推荐的"3414"试验设计方案，研究不同肥料处理对糙花少穗竹笋产量和品质的影响。结果表明：1）氮、磷、钾平衡施肥不仅显著提高糙花少穗竹笋产量，还明显提高单笋质量，平衡施肥处理的笋产量比未施肥的空白区增产26.56%，比氮或磷或钾缺素区分别增产10.45%、42.11%和28.57%，单笋质量比氮或磷或钾缺素区分别提高4.86%、27.01%和22.74%，不同肥料的增产效果表现为磷肥 > 钾肥 > 氮肥；2）平衡施肥处理能够改善笋品质，其笋粗蛋白含量较氮、磷、钾缺素区处理分别增加66.63%、41.45%、6.33%，笋粗纤维含量较空白区和氮、磷、钾缺素区处理分别降低7.32%和23.63%、12.84%、9.08%；3）肥效模型显示，糙花少穗竹的氮、磷、钾肥最佳施用量分别为氮肥150 kg/hm²、磷肥为58 kg/hm²、钾肥为83 kg/hm²，预计出笋产量1 596 kg/hm²，氮、磷、钾肥最佳比例为1：0.4：0.6。