抗柔嫩艾美耳球虫ScFv-PE40重组毒素的活性测定

本试验采用ScFv-PE40重组免疫毒素(构建重组毒素时使用的是pET28a(+)表达载体,因其表达的蛋白产物N末端包含His-Tag,因此采用金属Ni2+亲和层析柱方法纯化该目的蛋白)来免疫健康无球虫海蓝小公雏,免疫后通过盲肠病变记分,克盲肠内容物卵囊数(OPG)、结合抗球虫指数(ACI)、增重等感染指标的测定,对重组免疫毒素对海蓝小公雏感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫的保护效果进行观察评价,为临床上控制鸡球虫病提供科学的依据.     

鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫海南株SO7基因表达产物的免疫保护效果观察

为研究鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella,E.tenella)海南株SO7基因原核表达产物对E.tenella攻击的免疫保护效力,分别于8和16日龄采用SO7基因可溶性重组蛋白和包涵体重组蛋白经肌肉注射两次免疫文昌鸡公雏,同时设立攻虫对照组和空白对照组;其中,免疫组和攻虫对照组雏鸡于27日龄接种5×10~4个E.tenella卵囊,观察其诱导产生的保护力。结果显示,与攻虫对照组相比,SO7可溶性蛋白组雏鸡的相对卵囊产量降低了82.9%,攻虫至试验结束的增重增加了76.3%,盲肠病变减少了29.8%;SO7包涵体蛋白组雏鸡的相对卵囊产量降低了60.4%,攻虫至试验结束鸡增重增加了42%,盲肠病变减少了18.7%。结果表明,E.tenella海南株SO7基因在大肠杆菌中的表达产物对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫的攻击有一定的免疫保护作用,且SO7可溶性蛋白的抗球虫效力优于包涵体蛋白。     

白头翁不同提取物及复方抗鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫研究

以存活率、相对增重率、盲肠病变记分、卵囊值和抗球虫指数为判定指标,考察白头翁不同提取物及复方对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊致病性的影响(体外试验)和抗鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染效果(体内试验)。体内、体外试验结果均表明,白头翁不同提取物及复方均能提高相对增重率,降低盲肠病变计分和卵囊值。抗球虫指数(ACI)检测表明,白头翁不同提取物及复方对球虫孢子化卵囊有微弱的抑杀效果,对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染预防效果较差,不宜作为鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫病的预防和治疗药物。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫SO7-IL-2重组酵母蛋白的表达及其免疫效果评价

为了研究鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella) SO7重组酵母蛋白的表达及其免疫保护效果,试验用E.tenella的保护性抗原基因SO7与鸡IL-2基因串联在毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZαA中进行表达,用Western-blot检测表达是否成功。分别以重组酵母全菌体破碎蛋白和诱导表达纯化的重组酵母蛋白免疫鸡只,并以1×10~4个/只柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊进行攻虫,观察免疫保护效果。结果表明:诱导后的重组酵母全菌蛋白pPICZαA-SO7-IL2成功表达;两种蛋白抗球虫指数(ACI)分别为175.48,174.35,说明pPICZαA-SO7-IL2对感染鸡只具有较高的抗球虫效果。     

青蒿素类药物对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染的防治试验

试验以存活率、相对增重率、病变值、卵囊值以及抗球虫指数为药效评判标准,比较青蒿素及其衍生物蒿甲醚对鸡人工感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫的疗效情况,为球虫病防治提供参考。结果表明青蒿素对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染有一定的防治效果,与感染对照组相比,各青蒿素给药组相对增重率、存活率和抗球虫指数(ACI)均有所上升,卵囊值与盲肠病变值呈下降趋势,40 mg/kg的青蒿素给药组ACI达到147,试验结果呈现剂量依赖性;而蒿甲醚给药组无抗球虫作用,相对增重率比感染对照组下降20%以上,ACI指数仅为70.1。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫AMA1基因DNA疫苗的免疫保护效果

本研究旨在评价表达柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)顶膜抗原1(Apical membrane antigen 1,Et AMA1)基因的DNA疫苗对雏鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫人工感染的免疫保护效果。将Et AMA1基因和鸡IFN-γ基因插入真核表达载体p CAGGS中,分别构建了真核表达重组质粒p CAGGS-Et AMA1和p CAGGS-Et AMA1-IFN-γ。将重组质粒p CAGGS-Et AMA1转染进293T细胞中,经间接免疫荧光和Western blot实验鉴定,观察其在体外表达情况。将p CAGGS-Et AMA1和p CAGGS-Et AMA1-IFN-γ于7日龄和14日龄腿部肌肉注射免疫雏鸡,21日龄人工感染1×104个柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊,第29日龄时处死试验鸡,以平均增重、卵囊产量和病变记分来评价重组质粒的免疫保护效果。结果显示,p CAGGS-Et AMA1转染的293T细胞出现明显的红色荧光;两种真核表达重组质粒免疫组鸡的平均增重与未攻虫组的平均增重差异不显著,不具有统计学意义,而未免疫攻虫组则与未攻虫组在增重方面差异具有显著统计学意义;免疫组鸡相较于未免疫攻虫组在病变记分方面显著下降;免疫组的卵囊减少率分别为67.43%和72.89%;p CAGGSEt AMA1-IFN-γ组在增重、盲肠病变记分和卵囊减少率方面都优于p CAGGS-Et AMA1组,但差异不具有统计学意义。表明构建的2种重组质粒对雏鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染有一定的免疫保护效果。     

鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫生殖细胞特异性蛋白的免疫保护效果评价

为探讨鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)生殖细胞特异性蛋白(HAP2)对球虫感染的免疫保护作用,将HAP2重组蛋白(rEtHAP2)加弗氏完全佐剂或弗氏不完全佐剂免疫雏鸡后,用E. tenella孢子化卵囊感染雏鸡,以雏鸡增重效果、卵囊排出量、肠道病变记分、血清抗体水平、淋巴细胞转化水平,评估rEtHAP2的免疫保护作用,并设PBS免疫对照组、正常饲养对照组。结果显示:rEtHAP2免疫组雏鸡的平均体重、日增重、血清抗体水平、淋巴细胞转化水平,均显著高于PBS免疫对照组(P0.05);卵囊排出量,肠道病变记分则显著低于PBS免疫对照组(P0.05);抗球虫指数ACI值为176.18,保护效果良好。研究表明生殖细胞特异性蛋白HAP2对柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染具有良好的免疫保护作用,可成为柔嫩艾美耳球虫新型疫苗的候选抗原。     

抗柔嫩艾美耳球虫EtRP单克隆抗体的制备及其免疫保护效果

棒状体蛋白(EtRP)在柔嫩艾美耳球虫入侵宿主细胞的过程中起重要作用。该蛋白在球虫发育阶段的早期表达,具有保护性抗原的性质,其相应抗体可抑制球虫对宿主的感染。采用纯化后的p GEX-6P-1-EtRP重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠制备了抗EtRP的单克隆抗体,将不同剂量的单克隆抗体注射试验鸡群再对免疫鸡群攻虫,7 d后致死鸡群并计算卵囊减少率、相对增重率以及盲肠病变评分情况。结果表明,所制备的单克隆抗体亚型为IgG1,经Western-blot检测能特异性识别重组蛋白,经间接ELISA测定其效价大于1∶128 000。此外,单克隆抗体对鸡的被动保护性试验结果显示相对增重率、病变评分、卵囊减少率均随着免疫剂量的增加而增大,表明一定剂量的单克隆抗体可以有效减少柔嫩艾美耳球虫对鸡群的感染。     

球抗预防鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫病效果的观察

采用接种孢子化柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊的方法,复制鸡球虫病,观察并计算球抗对柔嫩艾美耳球虫病鸡的存活率、相对增重率、血便记分、盲肠病变记分和卵囊值的影响,并求出球抗的抗球虫指数.结果发现球抗能提高球虫病鸡的存活率和相对增重率,减少血便记分和盲肠内容物卵囊数,减轻盲肠病变.表明球抗对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫病有一定的预防作用.     

球速杀饮水剂对人工感染鸡球虫病的防治效果临床试验报告

采用人工接种孢子化柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊的方法.复制鸡球虫病,观察并计算球速杀饮水剂对人工感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫病鸡的死亡率、增重率、血便记分、盲肠病变记分和卵囊值的影响,并求出球速杀饮水剂的抗球虫指数(ACI),依据农业部1992年<实验临床试验技术规范>对洛阳惠中兽药有限公司生产的球速杀饮水剂对人工感染鸡球虫病的疗效进行临床试验.试验结果表明:球速杀饮水剂按每1 L水1 g混饮,连用3 d,能提高球虫病鸡的存活率和相对增重率,减少血便记分和盲肠内容物卵囊数,减轻盲肠病变并对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫病有一定的防治作用.     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫BJ株SO7基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

采用RT－PCR方法,以Eimeria tenella BJ株7h孢子化卵囊的总RNA为模板,扩增并克隆了SO7基因。然后把SO7基因分别与pGEX-KG,Pet-28b( )和pThioHisB质粒载本连接,构建成了三个表达载体：即pGKG SO7、pET SO7和pThioHis SO7。把构建好的三种表达载体分别转入大肠杆菌Dh5α,经IPTG诱导表达后,用SDS－PAGE检测表达产物。结果表明,含pThioHis SO7质粒的工种菌具有明显的表达产物：一种融合蛋白,其分子量大约为40kDa,与推测的融合蛋白的分子量相吻合。表达效率为17.1%。另二种表达载体（pET SO7和pGKGSo7)可能因表达效率低而未被SDS－PAGE检测出表达产物。     

Efficacy of decoquinate against drug sensitive laboratory strains of Eimeria tenella and field isolates of Eimeria spp. in broiler chickens in China

The efficacy of decoquinate against Eimeria infections in broiler chickens was evaluated using two drug sensitive laboratory strains of Eimeria tenella and 20 field isolates of Eimeria spp. collected from farms in China where various anticoccidials (including maduramicin) had been used. Decoquinate (20-40 ppm in feed) and maduramicin (5 ppm) were efficacious against E. tenella laboratory strains, but decoquinate more so than maduramicin. Body weight gains of E. tenella infected chickens were significantly improved, and caecal lesions were prevented, by feeding either decoquinate or maduramicin. Decoquinate also prevented oocyst production, but maduramicin did not. Most (18/20) Eimeria field isolates were resistant to maduramicin, judged by oocyst production; decoquinate at > or =20 ppm completely controlled all 20 field isolates. Decoquinate has potential value as a broiler anticoccidial in China and other countries where it has not been previously used.     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫地克珠利抗药株的实验室诱导

采用药物浓度递增法,以0．07mg／L地克珠利为起始诱导浓度连续传代,以最适抗球虫指数（POAA）、病变记分减少率（RLS）和相对卵囊产量（ROP）3项指标综合判定抗药性。经12次传代,该诱导虫株对1．5mg／L地克珠利具有完全抵抗力。试验结果表明,用实验室方法诱导柔嫩艾美耳球虫抗药株完全可行。     

Avian eimeria: invasion in foreign host birds and generation of partial immunity against coccidiosis

Four species of avian Eimeria invaded the intestine of foreign host birds in the same areas in which they invaded the natural host. Repeated inoculation (immunization) of chickens with the turkey coccidian, Eimeria adenoeides, partially protected the chickens against a subsequent challenge with 5.8 x 10(4) E. tenella oocysts. At 6 days post-challenge, the weight gain and feed conversion efficiency of the immunized chickens was significantly better than those of the chickens that were not immunized with E. adenoeides. Lesion scores and cellular invasion by the sporozoites were significantly lower in the immunized birds than in the unimmunized group. Electrophoresis and Western blot analysis identified changes in the serum antibody profiles of the chickens that appeared to be associated with the immunization and challenge programs. An antibody or antibodies recognizing a 60,000-molecular-weight antigen of E. tenella sporozoites disappeared when chickens immunized with E. adenoeides were challenged with E. tenella; an antibody or antibodies recognizing a 23,000-molecular-weight sporozoite antigen appeared within 6 days of challenge. Reciprocal studies, in which turkeys were immunized with E. tenella and challenged with E. adenoeides, showed little evidence of protection.     

Protective immunity enhanced by chimeric DNA prime-protein booster strategy against Eimeria tenella challenge

In an attempt to investigate the immune efficacy ofa DNA prime-protein booster strategy against avian coccidiosis with a chimeric construct, the Eimeria tenella antigen gene (3-1E) and chicken interferon gamma gene (ChIFN-gamma) were subcloned into the mammalian expression vector proVAX forming the plasmids proE and prol, and then linked by splicing overlap extension by polymerase chain reaction to construct the chimeric plasmid prolE; the chimeric protein (rlE) was expressed in Escherichia coli harboring the constructed plasmid pGEX/IE. Broilers were administered two intramuscular injections with the constructed DNA vaccines (50 microg); in the protein booster groups 100 microg of the rlE were given following the proIE prime. After challenge the proIE-vaccinated chickens showed the protective immunity as demonstrated by significantly reduced oocyst shedding compared with chickens immunized with proE, but the prolE vaccine did not have an additive effect of increasing antibody titer and body weight gain. The chickens in the rlE booster groups had significantly higher specific antibody responses than those immunized with prolE, and displayed further decreased oocyst shedding and increased body weight gain. Taken together, these results indicate that ChIFN-gamma exerts an adjuvant effect coexpressed with 3-1E and provide the first evidence that the DNA prime-protein booster strategy is able to augment the protective efficacy of chimeric DNA vaccine against challenge with Eimeria tenella.     

Dual infections of Eimeria tenella and Escherichia coli in chickens

The interactive effects of Eimeria tenella and Escherichia coli infection in chickens were investigated. Specific pathogen free chickens inoculated orally with E tenella and challenged four days later with E coli via the air sac showed more severe acute septicaemic lesions and subacute serositis than chickens given E coli alone. Moreover, caecal lesions induced by E tenella were more severe in chickens given both E tenella and E coli than in those given E tenella alone. In contrast, oral inoculation of E coli did not result in acute septicaemic lesions or subacute serositis and had no effect on the severity of the caecal lesions caused by E tenella.     

Resistance to intestinal coccidiosis following DNA immunization with the cloned 3-1E Eimeria gene plus IL-2, IL-15, and IFN-gamma

A cloned Eimeria acervulina gene (3-1E) was used to vaccinate chickens in ovo against coccidiosis, both alone and in combination with genes encoding interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, IL-18, or interferon (IFN)-gamma. Vaccination efficacy was assessed by increased serum anti-3-1E antibody titers, reduced fecal oocyst shedding, and enhanced body weight gain following experimental infection with E. acervulina. When used alone, anti-3-1E antibody titers were transiently, but reproducibly, increased at 2 wk and 3 wk posthatching in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, significantly reduced oocyst shedding and increased weight gain were observed at relatively high-dose 3-1E vaccinations (> or =25 microg/egg). Combined immunization with the 3-1E and IL-1, IL-2, IL-15, or IFN-gamma genes induced higher serum antibody responses compared with immunization with 3-1E alone. Following parasite infection, chickens hatched from embryos given the 3-1E gene plus the IL-2 or IL-15 genes displayed significantly reduced oocyst shedding compared with those given 3-1E alone, while 3-1E plus IL-15 or IFN-gamma significantly increased weight gain compared with administration of 3-1E alone. Taken together, these results indicate that in ovo immunization with a recombinant Eimeria gene in conjunction with cytokine adjuvants stimulates protective intestinal immunity against coccidiosis.     

Effect of Eimeria tenella infection on the caecal population of lincomycin-resistant Clostridium perfringens introduced into chickens

The effect of Eimeria tenella infection on the caecal population of lincomycin-resistant Clostridium perfringens (KGW 851) newly introduced into chickens was studied. Four groups of chickens consisted of: (1) Uninoculated controls; (2) inoculated with C perfringens (KGW 851); (3) inoculated with E tenella; and (4) inoculated with C perfringens (KGW 851) followed by E tenella. Five chickens in each group were necropsied on each of days 0, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 after the E tenella inoculation. The mean total C perfringens counts in the caecal contents increased at five days after E tenella inoculation and reached maximum counts at seven days after the inoculation. Also lincomycin-resistant C perfringens readily established itself at approximately one 10th of the total C perfringens population in the presence or absence of E tenella infection.     

Development of protective immunity against Eimeria tenella and E. acervulina in White Leghorn chickens inoculated repeatedly with high doses of turkey coccidia

Repeated inoculation (immunization) of 2-week-old white leghorn chickens with 10(6) oocysts of the turkey coccidia Eimeria adenoeides or E. meleagrimitis partially protected chickens against moderate challenge with E. tenella or E. acervulina oocysts, but not with E. necatrix oocysts. After challenge, mean weight gains of the immunized chickens and the unchallenged controls did not differ significantly, but weight gains of unimmunized chickens were significantly lower. The mean feed-conversion ratio of the immunized challenged chickens was 3.14, as compared with 4.42 for unimmunized challenged control chickens. In general, immunization did not markedly reduce intestinal lesions. Repeated inoculation of chickens with the turkey coccidium E. gallopavonis failed to produce statistically significant protection against challenge with E. tenella, E. acervulina, or E. necatrix, as determined by weight gain, feed-conversion efficiency, and lesion scores. Antibody profiles of individual chickens did not correlate with protection.