最新杀螨剂乙唑螨腈对柑桔全爪螨的室内毒力及田间防效

采用玻片浸渍法测定了30%乙唑螨腈悬浮剂对柑桔全爪螨的毒力,并通过田间药效试验检验30%乙唑螨腈悬浮剂对柑桔全爪螨的防治效果。室内毒力结果表明,30%乙唑螨腈悬浮剂对柑桔全爪螨雌成螨24h的LC50为0.3998mg/L, 48h的LC50为0.1714 mg/L。田间药效试验结果表明,30%乙唑螨腈悬浮剂对柑桔全爪螨具有较高的防治效果,其速效性好,持效期亦长,药后1d,高浓度（3000倍）的防效达92.77%,低浓度（6000倍）的防效亦达83.42%,药后3d,各处理浓度的防效均达94%以上,28d后防效仍保持在91%以上,是目前桔园防治柑桔全爪螨较理想的药剂。该药剂试验剂量范围内未发现对柑桔产生药害, 对天敌较安全,可以在生产上大面积推广应用。     

不同药剂对柑桔锈壁虱田间药效试验

为防治柑桔锈壁虱提供高效药剂,开展了3种新型药剂效防治柑桔锈壁虱田间药效试验。结果表明,15%唑虫酰胺悬浮剂3000～5000倍液、500克/升氟啶胺悬浮剂1000～2000倍液、5%阿维菌素?虱螨脲乳油4000～6000倍液对柑桔锈壁虱防治效果较好,药后1～28天防效在96%以上,速效性好,持效期长。与生产常用药剂1.8%阿维菌素乳油3000倍液比较,各处理与对照药剂之间防效没有显著性差异。试验剂量范围内未发现药剂对柑桔产生药害,也未发现对天敌产生不利影响,可以在柑桔上推广应用。     

“一满除”防控柑橘全爪螨效果及安全性评价

为了明确新型助剂“一满除”的杀螨效果及其安全性,通过室内毒力测定及田间药效评价方法测定“一满除”的杀螨活性及田间防效,评价其在花期、嫩叶期及幼果期的安全性。结果表明,“一满除”的室内毒力高于绿颖低于阿维菌素。1000倍液防效30d可达90%,与阿维菌素2000倍液相当,优于绿颖150倍液。“一满除”500倍液及250倍液皆可对柑桔的幼嫩组织产生一定的药害,应尽量避免此时期使用。田间使用推荐1000倍液或更低浓度。本研究为“一满除”的科学安全使用,为柑桔产业顺利实现“双减”目标提供依据及参考。     

40%桑宝乳油防治鳞翅目害虫药效试验

田间药效试验表明,40%桑宝乳油对桑园鳞翅目幼虫有良好的防治效果,药后3天防效达80.62%以上,对桑树安全。建议使用浓度为2000倍液。     

贵州火龙果溃疡病有效药剂的筛选及田间防效评价

火龙果溃疡病是贵州火龙果上的重要病害,为筛选出防治火龙果溃疡病的有效药剂,本研究测定了12种化学药剂和11种生物药剂对火龙果溃疡病菌菌丝生长速率的影响,并开展了田间防效试验。菌丝生长速率测定结果表明：50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂等7种化学药剂,以及1%申嗉霉素悬浮剂等4种生物药剂的效果较好。进一步田间小区防效试验的结果显示,化学药剂75%肟菌·戊唑醇水分散粒剂和生物药剂80%乙蒜素乳油防效最佳,分别为86.33%、70.63%。综合室内及田间试验结果,推荐75%肟菌·戊唑醇水分散粒剂、40%氟硅唑乳油、10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、80%乙蒜素乳油、0.3%四霉素水剂可有效防控火龙果溃疡病。     

3种植物源农药对蓝莓蚜虫的室内毒力测定及田间防效

[目的] 通过室内毒力测定及田间药效试验评定3种植物源农药对蓝莓蚜虫的防治效果。[方法] 分别采用浸叶法和常规喷雾法进行室内毒力测定和田间药效试验。[结果] 室内毒力测定结果表明3种植物源农药中以0.3%印楝素乳油对蓝莓蚜虫毒力最高,药后48h的LC50值为11.20mg.L-1,3种供试植物源农药相对于22%氟啶虫胺腈的毒力指数均小于1,说明3种植物源农药的毒力显著低于22%氟啶虫胺腈的毒力。田间药效试验结果表明3种植物源农药在各供试浓度下防治效果随药后天数增加而增加,但其防治效果均显著低于22%氟啶虫胺腈的处理,单就3种植物源农药看,苦参碱对蚜虫防效最佳,在药后5d,苦参碱不同浓度防效均在71.64%以上,0.3%印楝素次之,而鱼藤酮对蓝莓蚜虫的防效较差。[结论] 在进行有机生产或蚜虫虫口密度低且对环境安全有较高要求时,蓝莓生产中可以选择苦参碱来降低蚜虫种群基数。     

矿物油防治柑橘刺吸式害虫药效试验初报

药效试验表明,不同矿物油乳油对柑橘红蜡蚧和柑橘全爪螨有理想防效,97%矿物油乳油50倍液药后5天对红蜡蚧防效达85.30%,95%矿物油乳油50倍液药后5天对红蜡蚧防效达93.35%%,99%矿物油乳油150倍液对柑橘全爪螨药后3天、10天的防效分别达97.32%、94.44%;安全性高,对柑桔和天敌生物无不良影响;长期使用不会产生抗性。     

6种农药对桑尺蠖防治效果之比较

试验用24%帕力特(虫螨晴)悬浮剂等农药,对越冬代桑尺蠖的防治效果进行了对比试验,结果表明:喷药后7d的防治效果依次为:24%帕力特悬浮剂1667倍液防效为98.69%,40%毒死蜱乳油1000倍液防效为92.12%,40%丙溴.辛硫磷乳油1500倍液防效为91.69%,90%桑宝灭多威可湿性粉剂4000倍液防效为87.45%,8%残杀威可湿性粉剂1000倍液防效为83.15%,33%乙酰甲胺磷乳油1000倍液防效为61.10%。春季防治越冬代桑尺蠖,宜用40%毒死蜱乳油、40%丙溴.辛硫磷乳油或24%帕力特悬浮剂,不宜使用30%乙酰甲胺磷乳油。     

25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油对香蕉叶斑病的室内毒力、田间防效及香蕉苗的安全性

摘要：为研究25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油对香蕉叶斑病的室内毒力、田间防效及对香蕉幼苗的安全性,以期为该药的药剂使用及香蕉病害防治提供借鉴。本文采用菌丝生长速率法测定该药剂的室内毒力,发现该药剂对香蕉叶斑病具有较好的抑菌活性,EC50值为17.38 mg/L。通过田间药效试验发现,25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油3000、2000、1000倍药液对香蕉叶斑病的防效均高于75%,表现出较好的防效。通过手动喷雾器喷施800、400、200倍药液于南天、巴西及粤科品种幼苗叶片,并未出现叶色变色、叶片变形、生长停滞等药害问题。     

七种杀虫剂对榕透翅毒蛾的室内离体药效及田间药效试验

选用7种药剂对榕透翅毒蛾进行室内离体药效和田间药效试验,筛选防效好的生物药剂。结果表明,20%氟铃脲·辛乳油2000倍液、苏云金芽孢杆菌8000Bt800倍液、24%雷通悬浮剂1800倍液、0.1豫阿维·100亿活芽孢/克苏可湿性粉剂1000倍液的药后24h防效绝大部分在95%以上,对植物和环境安全。这四种生物药剂可在防治榕透翅毒蛾时大面积推广使用。     

禽病预防与环境控制技术

温度的好坏直接影响鸡的健康生长和饲料利用。温度过高,鸡只采食量减少,饮水量增多,生长缓慢;温度过低,雏鸡卵黄吸收不良,易引起消化不良等疾病,增加饲料消耗量。温度过高,过低都会降低饲料报酬,从而降低经济效益。     

Infection control and biosecurity in equine disease control

Infectious diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in horses, along with economic costs and broader impacts associated with the loss of members of a species that generates income, acts as a working animal and is a companion. Endemic diseases continue to challenge, emerging diseases are an ever‐present threat and outbreaks can be both destructive and disruptive. While infectious diseases can never be completely prevented, measures can be introduced to restrict the entry of pathogens into a population or limit the implications of the presence of a pathogen. Objective research regarding infection control and biosecurity in horses is limited, yet a variety of practical infection prevention and control measures can be used. Unfortunately, infection control can be challenging, because of the nature of the equine industry (e.g. frequent horse movement) and endemic pathogens, but also because of lack of understanding or motivation to try to improve practices. Recognition of the basic concepts of infection control and biosecurity, and indeed the need for measures to control infectious diseases, is the foundation for successful infection prevention and control.     

Mastitis control

Extract

Sir,—There are two unrelated measures in mastitis control which are worth mention.     

The control of heartwater by means of tick control

Two main methods are currently being used by farmers in the heartwater regions to control this disease in cattle and other stock, namely strategic control of ticks and total control of ticks. Some farmers make successful use of the latter method, particularly in areas which are marginal for the disease. Total tick control requires top managerial skills, which includes continual expert supervision, a relatively rare asset. The majority of farmers, often unintentionally, apply strategic control of ticks to control heartwater, either without or with vaccination against the disease. In this case the objective of tick control is to minimize "tick worry" without interfering too drastically with natural transmission of the disease. This method would make provision for natural immunization of young animals (a more uncertain method than vaccination) and the maintenance of immunity. In practice these methods appear to diminish deaths from heartwater appreciably, but do not protect all animals from the disease. Furthermore, they appear to be more effective in cattle than other stock. Although strategic control has an evolutionary background and considerable merit under African conditions, it is being applied in an empirical way because of paucity of information on the epidemiology of heartwater. More information on the infection rate in and infectivity of ticks (percentage of infected ticks) offer challenging research possibilities.     

Disease control through fertility control: Secondary benefits of animal birth control in Indian street dogs

We sought to (1) survey sexually intact street dogs for a wide range of diseases in three cities in Rajasthan, India and (2) evaluate links between the health of non-treated dogs and both the presence and duration of animal birth control (ABC) programs. ABC regimes sterilize and vaccinate stray dogs in an attempt to control their population and the spread of rabies. They are commonly suggested to improve the health of those dogs they serve, but here we provide evidence that these benefits also extend to untreated dogs in the community.