茶皂素处理对黄皮果实贮藏品质及生理活性的影响

以“大鸡心”黄皮为材料,研究了不同浓度茶皂素处理对黄皮相关贮藏品质及生理活性变化的影响。结果表明,低浓度的茶皂素处理能显著抑制黄皮果实贮藏后期褐变现象,保持较高黄皮果实可溶性固形物含量及相对适宜的酸度,有效抑制了黄皮果实多酚氧化酶（PPO）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性的上升,并提升超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性,其中贮藏至12 d时,低浓度处理果实PPO活性为0.39±0.03 U.g-1.min-1,低于对照组和高浓度处理组;贮藏至6 d时, SOD活性为5.07±0.08 U.g-1.min-1,显著高于对照组和高浓度处理组。而高浓度的茶皂素处理可抑制果实保护酶过氧化氢酶（CAT）的下降与脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）的积累。适宜浓度的茶皂素处理有利于减缓黄皮褐变并维持果实贮藏品质,提高其商品价值。而不同浓度茶皂素处理对黄皮果实在生理指标上具有不同的效果,具体应用浓度仍有待进一步研究。     

紫花苜蓿4个生理指标在冬季自然条件下的变化规律研究

为了研究紫花苜蓿在青藏高原高寒气候条件下安全越冬的机制,试验于2016年11月1日—2017年3月1日开展了青大1号紫花苜蓿冬季4个生理指标变化规律的研究,试验期间每隔10 d采集1次青大1号紫花苜蓿的越冬芽样品,测定越冬芽中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量及相对电导率,对相关数据进行单因素方差分析,同时对数据开展隶属函数和灰色关联度分析。结果表明:不同月份间青大1号紫花苜蓿越冬芽中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量以及相对电导率值存在显著差异(P0.05);4个生理指标与抗寒性关联程度顺序为脯氨酸含量可溶性糖含量=相对电导率可溶性蛋白含量。说明脯氨酸的含量与青大1号紫花苜蓿抗寒性的关系最密切,且各项抗寒指标的关联度都在0.6以上。     

精养鱼塘部分水质指标变化规律的研究

通过利用9804C多参数水质现场快速分析测量仪进行试验,分析精养鱼塘水质溶氧、pH值的日变化规律。结果表明,①池塘表层水的溶氧有明显的昼夜变化。表层水溶氧在白天升高,溶氧最高值出现在16：00,晚上逐渐降低,溶氧最低值出现在6：00;②鱼塘表层水pH值在白天升高,从早上6：00开始逐渐上升,至下午16：30～17：30左右迭最大值,接着开始下降,直至次日日出前5：00达到最小值。     

三个引进品种猪血液生理生化指标分析

<正>血液生理生化指标是反映动物健康状况的重要指标,特别是血液中的酶类是机体细胞内外物质代谢的重要催化剂。H.Doornenbal等~([1])研究表明,某些生化指标的活性不仅与生产性能如日增重、胴体骨百分率相关,而且具有较高的遗传力。因此,生化指标可以作为遗传标记来预测猪的生产性能,特别是酶活性对确定猪种质特性,进行选种选配具有更重要的意义~([2])。我国是猪肉消费大国,杜洛克猪、长白猪、大约克夏猪因具有日增重和胴体瘦肉率高等优点,在市     

浙江湖羊部分生理指标的测定

湖羊是我国珍贵的羔皮羊品种。具有生长快、成熟早、繁殖率强等优异特性,水波花纹,板质轻鞣,是我国传统的出口商品之一,在国际羔、裘皮市场夙有盛誉。绵羊的正常生理指标与其生态条件以及种质和某些生产性能有着内在的联系。比如绵羊血液中的红血球数量与多羔性密切相关;呼吸、心率的次数则与气温、气压等有关。测定湖羊生理常值特别是某些血液指标,对研究湖羊种质,生态生理以及湖羊选育和疾病防治等方面有着十分重要的意义。为此,我们于一九八二年春在杭州地区浙江     

热处理对采后红毛丹果实生理指标的影响

采用40 ℃、45 ℃、50 ℃热处理和8 ℃低温贮藏技术,以海南主栽红毛丹品种“保研-7号”为研究对象,研究热处理对采后红毛丹果实几种生理指标的影响,结果表明：45 ℃热处理后低温贮藏,能有效延缓采后红毛丹果肉中TSS和Vc含量的下降,降低果皮相对电导率,同时抑制果皮中多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性,延缓过氧化物酶(POD)活性的下降,延缓花色素苷的降解速度。因此45 ℃热处理后低温贮藏能有效提高采后红毛丹果实的保鲜效果。     

蒙古栎早烘病发生过程中生理指标的变化规律

以根刈5 a生蒙古栎植株为试验材料,研究早烘病发生过程中叶片及根部生理指标的变化规律。结果表明：蒙古栎叶片中叶绿素含量随着叶片发病严重度的增长而逐渐减少,叶片中的丙二醛(MDA)浓度随着早烘病叶片发病严重度的增长而增加,根系活力随着早烘病病情指数的增加而下降。     

石油污染对紫花苜蓿部分生理指标的影响

本研究以紫花苜蓿(Mekicago sativa)为材料,观测其对石油污染的耐受性,研究不同质量分数的石油污染(0、2 500、5 000、7 500 mg/kg)对紫花苜蓿生长和生理指标的影响,从而初步了解紫花苜蓿对石油污染土壤的生物修复机制.结果显示,随着石油处理质量分数的增加,紫花苜蓿的生长受到明显抑制,其株高、...     

肉鸡发酵床几个垫料指标的变化规律

测定垫料厚度分别为20cm、40cm和60cm的锯末稻壳型肉鸡发酵床不同位置的温度、水分、pH及灰分的变化。结果表明,垫料厚度影响垫料温度,垫料表面的肉鸡粪尿影响垫料中的水分、pH和灰分。肉鸡发酵床,垫料适宜厚度为20~40cm,并经常翻挖垫料。     

三个柠檬品种果实非可食部分初生代谢产物分析

为了比较贵州产尤力克柠檬、四季柠檬和阿特摩柠檬果实非可食部分初生代谢产物差异,本研究采用GC-MS分析了3个柠檬成熟果实非可食部分氨基酸、有机酸和糖等初生代谢产物含量。结果表明,共检测到29个初生代谢产物,其中氨基酸8个、有机酸11个、糖10个,不同柑橘品种不同组织氨基酸、有机酸、糖等初生代谢产物种类和含量存在较大的差异。3个品种均是脯氨酸含量最高;3个品种有机酸种类相似,黄皮层和白皮层含量最高的为奎宁酸,而囊衣含量最高的为柠檬酸。对检测的糖类而言,均是葡萄糖含量最高。     

Uptake of metronidazole in Artemia at different developmental life stages

The purpose of this study was to examine the capacity of live brine shrimp Artemia spp. to accumulate metronidazole at different developmental life stages. Metronidazole is used in fish as an antiparasitic medication. An effective drug delivery method is to enrich the Artemia with metronidazole and offer them as live feed to the infected fish, usually ornamental species and other small fishes. Artemia cysts were hatched and then soaked in a metronidazole solution (0.05%) at instars 1-3 of larval development. Our findings indicated that Artemia were able to accumulate metronidazole at levels considered therapeutic to other animals and humans (25-100 mg/kg). However, the levels varied depending on the stage of larval development. Artemia accumulated the highest levels of metronidazole (137-143 mg/kg) when they started filter feeding (instar 2), whereas newly hatched Artemia (instar 1) contained the lowest level (85 mg/kg). Based on this study and a review of the literature, a new protocol recommended for enriching Artemia with metronidazole consists of soaking the Artemia in a 0.05% metronidazole solution for 3 h at room temperature. Because metronidazole is relatively insoluble in water, it must first be dissolved in warm water with continuous stirring.     

不同发育时期旋毛虫脂肪酸组成的研究

为探讨旋毛虫生长发育过程中脂肪酸组分的变化及外界环境对其影响,本研究采用贝尔曼氏装置分别收集旋毛虫肌幼虫和成虫,同时,将少量骨骼肌和肠黏膜进行酯化处理,通过气相色谱质谱联用技术进行分析。结果显示:肌幼虫和成虫的脂肪酸组分涵盖了C12～C22的22种,主要为16、18和20碳脂肪酸,但旋毛虫肌幼虫与成虫的各脂肪酸相对含量有明显差异(p0.05)。分别对旋毛虫肌幼虫和成虫及其各自寄生部位骨骼肌和肠黏膜中的脂肪酸成份进行比较分析,结果显示:各脂肪酸组成相似,但在相对含量上却有显著差异(p0.05)。表明不同发育时期旋毛虫的脂肪酸组成在种类和相对含量上均存在明显差异,这可能与其所处的不同宿主环境和不同发育时期虫体的特殊生理结构有关。     

不同发育时期澳洲坚果果皮抗氧化物质成分分析

以云南省永德县大雪山乡澳洲坚果种植基地广泛种植的优良品种O.C.为研究材料,利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）的技术方法,对该品种花后30天、60天和90天的果皮进行代谢组学分析,探究不同发育时期澳洲坚果果皮酚酸类物质组分及含量的变化,为果皮中酚酸类抗氧化物质的开发和利用提供参考依据。结果表明：不同发育时期果皮中的酚酸类物质组分及含量有较大差异,在检测到的114个代谢物中,绿原酸 (3-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸)、1-O-阿魏酰-D-葡萄糖和1-O-对香豆酰-β-D-葡萄糖等物质的含量在花后30天最高,表明发育前期需要大量能量物质作为生长代谢原料;熊果苷、6''-咖啡酰熊果苷、红景天苷、龙胆酸、阿魏酸、3,4-二没食子酰莽草酸、没食子苯乙酮、原儿茶酸、水杨酸以及豆腐果苷等多种物质在花后60天及90天含量较高;6''-对香豆酰熊果苷和3,4-二甲氧基肉桂酸为花后90天标志性物质。结论： 本文分析测试了澳洲坚果果实不同发育期果皮中酚酸类物质的种类及含量变化,发现果皮中含有美白、抗菌等活性成分,具有一定的药用价值,为今后澳洲坚果早期落果及采后果皮加工利用、保健品及药物开发等奠定了很好的基础。     

海南省野生与栽培种黄皮果实和种子性状分析

对海南省6份野生与栽培种黄皮的果实、种子形态和果实品质进行观察研究。结果表明,对于果实性状,从野生种到栽培种果实质量、纵横径均变大,果实形状也从近圆形或圆球形变成鸡心形或椭圆形。对于种子性状,栽培种种子纵横径均比野生种大。果实品质分析表明,除可滴定酸外,可食率、可溶性固形物与维生素C这3个品质性状在栽培种与野生种之间差异不太显著。在未来的黄皮驯化选育中,应重点关注品质性状,提高可食率,增加可溶性固形物与维生素C等营养物质含量。     

Survival and developmental competence of bovine embryos at different developmental stages and separated blastomeres after vitrification in different solutions

Generating techniques to enhance the success of blastomere separation is important for bovine economy, because it increases the number of transferable embryos. This study aimed to identify the optimum cryoprotectants for the vitrification of bovine embryos and the separation of blastomeres at different stages. In experiment 1, expanded blastocysts were vitrified in two different vitrification solutions, either (1) ethylene glycol (EG) + propylene glycol (PG) or (2) EG. The survival rate of blastocysts in the EG + PG was higher than that of the EG. In experiment 2, intact two‐cell and eight‐cell stage embryos were vitrified in the same solutions used in experiment 1. The EG + PG produced more dead embryos than the EG (P < 0.05). In the EG, the rate of blastocyst formation was similar for the vitrified two‐ and eight‐cell embryos and the non‐vitrified ywo‐cell embryos. In experiment 3, separated blastomeres of two‐ and eight‐cell embryos were vitrified in EG. There was no difference in the rate of blastocyst formation and total number of cells between the two vitrified groups. In summary, at the blastocyst stage, EG + PG was superior, based on both survival rates and cell numbers; however, at the 2–8 cell stage, the use of EG alone was better than the other groups.     

Biochemical,physiological and production indices related to fat metabolism in the laying fowl at various stages of physiological development

1. The significance of fat accumulation during physiological development of layers was studied using White Leghorn x Australorp pullets from 12 weeks of age.

2. Liver fat, carcass fat, liver weight and body weight increased markedly at the onset of sexual maturity.

3. Within the liver, the protein to DNA ratio did not alter significantly during development; glycogen was not consistently depleted by egg production.

4. Liver fat content was significantly correlated with carcass fat, liver weight and DNA concentration, and plasma total lipid and cholesterol, independent of stage of development; with body weight, liver protein, moisture, and protein to DNA ratio, excluding the period prior to commencement of sexual maturation; and with plasma phospholipid during lay.

5. Obesity was a feature of faster growing fowls which matured earlier, consumed more, utilised food less efficiently for egg production and produced fewer saleable eggs.     

Permeability of mouse oocytes and embryos at various developmental stages to five cryoprotectants

To assess the permeability of mouse oocytes and embryos, matured oocytes and embryos at various stages of development were placed in five cryoprotectant solutions at 25 C for 25 min. From the cross-sectional areas of the oocytes/embryos, the relative change in volume was analyzed. In oocytes, shrinkage was least extensive and recovery was quickest in the propylene glycol solution, showing that propylene glycol permeates the oocytes most rapidly. Dimethyl sulfoxide, acetamide, and ethylene glycol permeated the oocytes slightly more slowly than propylene glycol. The oocytes in glycerol shrunk extensively and then expanded marginally, indicating slow permeation. The volume changes of 1-cell and 2-cell embryos were similar to those of oocytes, showing little change in permeability. In 8-cell embryos, the volume recovered much faster than in the earlier stages especially in glycerol and acetamide. In morulae, the volume recovery was much faster in glycerol and in ethylene glycol; in ethylene glycol, the extent of shrinkage was small and the recovery was fast, indicating an extremely rapid permeation. Although the permeability of oocytes/embryos generally increased as embryo development proceeded, the degree of increase varied greatly among the cryoprotectants. Interestingly, the volume change in propylene glycol was virtually unaffected by the stage of development. Such information will be valuable for determining a suitable protocol for the cryopreservation of oocytes/embryos at different stages of development.     

GDNF mRNA在猪睾丸不同发育阶段的表达

为了进一步探索GDNF mRNA的表达与精液品质、精液量甚至精子发生之间的关系,以及GDNF在睾丸发育和精子发生中的作用提供一些新线索,并且可能为治疗男性不育提供新的思路,研究采用半定量RT-PCR法研究了胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(Glial cell line-derived neurotrophicfactor,GDNF)在不同发育阶段的公猪睾丸中的表达。结果表明:仔猪出生后2周,睾丸中即存在GD-NF mRNA的表达;随着年龄的增加,GDNF mRNA水平持续升高,其中第6月龄达到高峰。说明GD-NF mRNA在公猪睾丸的支持细胞中表达,随着年龄的增长,GDNF表达量增加,可能以旁分泌的形式调节精子发生;GDNF可能参与了仔猪睾丸的发育和精子发生的调控,但其具体的作用机制还有待于进一步研究。     

貉不同发育阶段卵泡及黄体超微结构

貉为季节性单次发情动物,目前对貉卵泡发育调节机制的研究鲜有报道。为揭示貉不同发育阶段卵泡的变化规律,本试验应用光镜和电镜对貉不同发育阶段卵泡和黄体的组织结构进行了观察。结果表明,随着卵泡的成熟,卵泡膜内血管增生,但排卵时卵泡出血较少,仅在卵泡壁血管有充血现象。繁殖期(2～3月)卵泡的闭锁多发生于生长卵泡,且随着卵泡直径的增大,卵泡闭锁的比例增加。生长卵泡和成熟卵泡胞质中含有较多数量的粗面内质网,且生长卵泡膜外有大量的胶原纤维围绕。排卵后颗粒细胞黄体化,其中含有丰富的脂滴和滑面内质网,脂滴含有合成孕酮的前体物质和类固醇酯类,滑面内质网可能与脂类代谢有关。另外,X-射线微分析仪检测不同阶段卵泡液中各元素含量的结果显示,随着卵泡的发育卵泡液及卵泡壁中钙含量显著增加。本试验为揭示雌性貉的生殖机理提供了依据。