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本文研究了苏南地区混栽果园桔小实蝇发生规律以及不同寄主、不同土壤管理制度对桔小实蝇种群动态的影响。结果表明:苏南混栽园桔小实蝇发生高峰期在8月份初至10月份底,是防控的最佳时期;比较不同寄主对桔小实蝇种群动态的影响中发现,枣园小实蝇发生高峰期在8月份,石榴园和柑桔园小实蝇发生高峰在9月上旬至10月中旬;枇杷、柑桔混栽园桔小实蝇发生高峰在9月上旬至10月下旬;桃、梨、柑桔混栽园桔小实蝇发生高峰在10月上旬至10月下旬;枣、柑桔混栽园桔小实蝇种群校长呈双峰型,第一个高峰从8月上旬起到9月上旬止,第二个高峰集中在10月中旬;比较不同土壤管理制度对桔小实蝇种群动态的影响中发现,生草栽培柑桔园月诱虫总量显著高于清耕栽培柑桔园。 相似文献
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为掌握柑桔小实蝇的田间消长规律和防治方法,2020年以来监测了赣南地区柑桔小实蝇在不同类型田的发生情况,开展了柑桔小实蝇为害调查及其防治试验。结果表明:柑桔小实蝇在7月8日~10月7日期间,田间虫口发生较严重,超过全年发生量的64.3%,土壤湿度长期低于14%或处于单一生境时,不利于其发生;成虫在9月前,主要为害脐橙裂果,9月中旬后陆续为害健康果;在红颈诱捕器中添加甲基丁香酚、蜂蜜和红糖,不但可以诱集到雄虫,还可提高对雌虫的诱集效果,8月中旬在每120m2脐橙面积中挂一个诱捕器,小实蝇的年为害率为1.1%,优于阿维菌素、溴氰虫酰胺饵剂的效果。 相似文献
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柑桔小实蝇是我区柑桔的主要害虫之一。 1989年华宁县牛山柑桔试验场 ,因柑桔小实蝇为害 ,柑桔损失高达 17t,占总产量的 3%。据我场诱捕器观测结果 ,并进行了喷药防治和诱杀比较试验 ,明确了柑桔小实蝇的发生动态及有效的防治措施。1.1993~ 1996在我场桔园设置 7个诱捕器 (诱芯用 75%酒精∶90 %敌百虫∶性诱剂 =15∶1∶3制成 ) ,每隔 4天观察记载一次。结果表明 ,柑桔小实蝇在我区于 5月上、中旬开始发生 ,6月中旬出现高峰 ,延续到 12月上旬才进入低潮时期。2 .1993年在虫口密度出现高峰时 ,采用敌百虫10 0 0倍液加 3%的红糖防治 ,取得一… 相似文献
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为摸清修文县猕猴桃园实蝇种类及种群发生动态,为实蝇的监测和防控提供科学指导。2016-2018年,在修文县主要猕猴桃园,采用Steiner诱捕器、 Mcphail诱捕器内添加实蝇诱剂、蛋白诱饵诱剂对实蝇种类和数量进行系统调查与监测,并对监测数据进行分析。研究结果表明,修文县猕猴桃园实蝇发生种类为桔小实蝇、南瓜实蝇、具条实蝇。桔小实蝇成虫种群发生数量从7月开始上升,高峰期集中在8月中旬至10月。南瓜实蝇成虫种群发生数量从8月下旬开始上升,高峰期集中在10月中旬至11月。具条实蝇成虫种群发生数量从7月中旬开始上升,高峰期集中在8月至11月上旬。桔小实蝇为修文县猕猴桃园实蝇优势种,南瓜实蝇、具条实蝇为常见种。目前危害猕猴桃果实的实蝇种类为桔小实蝇,其成虫种群发生高峰期集中在8月中旬至10月,在实际生产中,应密切关注其种群发生动态,并根据危害情况及时采取有效的防控措施。实蝇种群变动受寄主植物、气象因子等因素影响。 相似文献
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为掌握近年来赣南柑桔木虱发生动态及其携带黄龙病菌变化情况,2016-2020年,定点、定时监测了赣南10个县(区)20个正常管理果园的柑桔木虱成虫发生动态变化,并于2018年和2020年利用实时荧光定量PCR检测了赣南8个县(市)正常管理果园和失管果园柑桔木虱成虫带菌率变化。结果表明,赣南地区柑桔木虱成虫发生高峰集中在5月下旬-10月上旬,2016-2019年发生数量呈逐年下降趋势,但2020年发生量较前几年有所增加,平均虫量最高峰达93头/百梢;2020年正常管理果园和失管果园柑桔木虱带菌率均低于2018年,失管果园柑桔木虱带菌率明显高于正常管理果园;经相关回归分析,柑桔木虱带菌率与果园黄龙病发病率呈显著正相关性。 相似文献
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桔潜又称潜叶甲,属鞘翅目,叶甲科。各柑桔产区均有发生,只为害柑桔类果树,以山地果园发生严重。我县柑桔园以前仅零星发生,为害轻,近年有逐年为害加重的趋势,成为桔园的主要害虫。据对我县10余个果园调查,春梢被害率达15%~20%,严重者达50%以上,造成叶片枯萎大量脱落,树势衰弱,落花落果严重,减产20%~30%,果实品质下降。1发生规律及生活习性桔潜一年发生1代。成虫在树干树皮裂缝、地衣、苔藓内及树干周围土里越冬,越冬成虫于3月中下旬开始活动,4月上旬开始产卵,4月中旬至5月下旬为幼虫为害期,4月中下旬幼虫盛发,5月上旬开始化蛹,5月中下旬羽… 相似文献
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本研究旨在弄清南宁市火龙果产区橘小实蝇成虫田间消长规律,以期为橘小实蝇的预测预报和综合防控提供理论依据。采用甲基丁香酚(methyl eugenol)为诱芯的诱捕器和涂有甲基丁香酚的黄板,在南宁市良庆区那陈镇西宁村和南宁市邕宁区蒲庙振企农业科技有限公司两大火龙果基地设置了14个监测点,诱捕监测2018年~2019年的橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis成虫消长动态并根据当地气象资料分析气象因素与橘小实蝇成虫活动数量的关系。结果表明,橘小实蝇诱捕高峰期发生在7月下半月~9月下半月,12月下半月~次年3月下半月未捕获到成虫;气温是影响当地橘小实蝇活动的主要气象因子。 相似文献
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本研究调查了蓝莓园果蝇的发生动态,并选取6种药剂,采用常规喷雾法比较了不同药剂、不同稀释倍数的田间药效,结果表明:①蓝莓果蝇从5月至12月期间出现了5次明显的活动高峰,分别出现在6月下旬、8月上旬、9月下旬及11月上旬和中旬;②6种药剂的防治效果随稀释倍数增大而降低,随药后天数的增加而降低;6%乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂、2%甲维盐乳油、20%甲氰菊酯乳油对果蝇的防治效果好,在各供试浓度下药后15d,防治效果均在73.82%以上,具有良好的防治效果和持效性,5%印楝素乳油与0.5%苦参碱水剂在高浓度下对蓝莓果蝇具有一定的防治效果。 相似文献
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E M Nevill 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1985,52(4):261-267
A total of 20 375 flies collected off cattle on 12 farms over 36 months were identified and examined for 3rd stage P. bovicola. The 3 vector species accounted for 64.1% of the flies collected and were the only fly species found to be infected. Musca lusoria was clearly the dominant vector fly, although large numbers of Musca sp. A appeared regularly between February and April each year. This phenomenon, coupled with high numbers of M. lusoria throughout most of the year, led to an increase in the numbers of vector flies from their lowest level in June to a peak in February-April. Of the 13 070 vector flies examined for 3rd stage larvae only 64 (0.52%) were positive; of these 41 were M. lusoria and 17 Musca sp. A. No positive male flies were found. Incubation of wild-caught flies for up to 13 days at 27 degrees C noticeably increased the larval recovery rate. Flies were found to be infected mainly from August-March. Infected M. lusoria were recorded from July-March and infected Musca sp. A from January-May. Only 6 infected M. xanthomelas were collected and this was during the period August-December, when most ovipositional blood spots occur on cattle. It is concluded that P. bovicola transmission in the Bushveld is not correlated with peak periods of bleeding but rather with high numbers of vector flies, the various species augmenting each other so that transmission may take place almost throughout the year. 相似文献
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通过研究不同天气条件、不同时段果蝇的活动规律,为果蝇成虫诱杀技术的研发与应用提供理论依据。以果蝇为研究对象,设置不同处理,在现场研究果蝇在晴天、阴天、雨天及一天内不同时段的活动规律。在供试的6种成熟水果中,香蕉、蓝莓对果蝇的引诱效果显著高于其他4种水果(P<0.01),绿如蓝牌果蝇引诱剂的引诱效果显著高于香蕉(P<0.01)。在晴天,果蝇的活动更为频繁(P<0.05),晴天诱捕到的雄果蝇数量明显高于阴天和雨天(P<0.01)。诱捕到的果蝇种类主要是黑腹果蝇、斑翅果蝇、伊米果蝇、海德氏果蝇、筋果蝇等。一天内不同时间段果蝇的活动明显不同,8:00~10:00和16:00~18:00是其活动的两个高峰期。天气条件对果蝇活动有很大影响,一天内果蝇活动存在两个高峰期,分别是8:00~10:00和16:00~18:00,利用绿如蓝牌引诱剂可对果蝇成虫进行有效诱杀。 相似文献
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Guglielmone AA Volpogni MM Castro H Mangold AJ Anziani OS 《Veterinary parasitology》2002,109(1-2):141-145
A study was performed to determine if the number of horn fly (Haematobia irritans) adults differ significantly on Holstein (black and white coat color), Holstein x Holstein Friesian (black and white coat color) and Holstein x Jersey (black coat color) steers, 10-12 months old at the onset of the study. All steers were run together on lucerne paddocks and the number of flies counted at 30-day intervals from September 2000 to August 2001. No significant differences (P > 0.05, test of Kruskal-Wallis) were found in fly numbers, even in the period April-May 2001 when the infestation reached its peak. We were unable to demonstrate that coat color influenced horn fly abundance in the present study. It appears that none of the biotypes evaluated had any advantage for natural control of H. irritans. 相似文献
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Masiga DK Okech G Irungu P Ouma J Wekesa S Ouma B Guya SO Ndung'u JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2002,34(6):489-501
Trypanosomosis is a major impediment to livestock production and economic development in those areas of Africa where it is endemic. Although small ruminants appear to perform better than cattle in various agro-ecological zones, the importance of trypanosomosis has not been extensively investigated in these livestock. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of trypanosomosis in sheep and goats in an endemic area and to evaluate the performance of different breeds under high tsetse challenge and the potential role of chemoprophylaxis in the control of the disease. The results showed that tsetse flies feed readily on small ruminants, and that these animals are susceptible to trypanosomosis. The Small East African goats acquired fewer infections than the Black Head Persian and Dorper sheep used in the study. In both sheep and goats, chemoprophylaxis with isometamidium chloride (Samorin, Rhone Merieux, Annecy, France) was protective, resulting in fewer infections and higher body weight gain. Trypanosomosis caused anaemia in both sheep and goats, and animals whose PCV fell below 15% rarely recovered, even with trypanocidal drug treatment. The peak transmission period was between 1 and 3 months after the peak tsetse fly density, which raises the possibility of effective strategic prophylaxis. 相似文献
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J H Drudge E T Lyons Z N Wyant S C Tolliver 《American journal of veterinary research》1975,36(11):1585-1588
The occurrence of 2nd and 3rd instars of Gasterophilus intestinalis and Gasterophilus nasalis was determined in 476 horses during the 22-year period from 1951 to 1973. Overall, G intestinalis infected 98.7% of the horses and averaged 168/horse; whereas G nasalis infected 80.7% of the horses and averaged 52/horse. Aggregate average total numbers for G intestinalis ranged from a low of 50 in September to a high of 229 in March, and for G nasalis, from a low of 14 in September to a high of 82 in February. Horses were infected by 2nd or 3rd instars of both species on a year-round basis. Differentiation between the instars provided insight into the dynamics of the infections. For G intestinalis, the data indicated (1) 2nd instars from the previous year's generation of flies continue to arrive in the stomach until April; (2) arrival of the current year's crop of 2nd instars starts in July; and (3) 3rd instars from the previous year's generation of flies are not voided in appreciable numbers until August, when numbers of the current year's crop of 3rd instars appear in the stomach. For G nasalis, the data indicated (1) arrival in the stomach of the current year's generation of 2nd instars starts in July and terminates in January and (2) 3rd instars from the previous year's generation of flies are voided over a period beginning in March and extending into August, when the current year's crop of 3rd instars begin to appear. Acquisition of infections of horses with G intestinalis is nearly a year-round process, except for April, because of the persistence of viable larvae in eggs for a prolonged period after development and fly activity has ceased in the fall. In contrast, infection with G nasalis is interrupted between December and May, because eggs hatch naturally after a short period of development, and fly activity ceases in the fall. 相似文献
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Biting flies were collected from the umbilical areas of Onchocerca lienalis-infected cattle in New York (state) from June through September of 1980. Of the 766 flies collected, 705 were Simulium jenningsi. Microfilariae were detected in the midguts of 37 (50%) of 73 females dissected immediately after the flies had fed. The mean number of larvae per positive fly (fly with microfilariae) was 15.2. Third-stage larvae were recovered from 25 (21.9%) of 114 S jenningsi dissected 8 to 13 days after they had fed on the infected cattle; the mean number of 3rd-stage larvae per positive fly was 3.5. Dissections of flies performed on days 1 through 7 after feeding yielded various numbers of 1st and 2nd-stage larvae from the thoracic muscles. Ovarian dissections performed on 304 S jenningsi attacking cattle indicated an overall parous rate of 58%. Naturally occurring infections with filarial larvae indistinguishable from O lienalis were found in 7.3% of the parous females. Three of these flies, or 1.7% of the parous collection, harbored 3rd-stage larvae. The onset of naturally occurring filarial infections in the population of S jenningsi coincided with a peak in the parous rate in late June. Thereafter, filarial infections were generally detected when the parous rate was above 50%. 相似文献