小麦STK类抗病基因同源序列的克隆与分析

根据丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶类催化结构域Ⅰ和Ⅷ氨基酸保守序列设计简并引物,以TcLr19、TcLr35和感病对照Thatcher的cDNA为模板进行抗病基因同源序列的PCR扩增,得到了6条通读的抗病基因同源序列(RGAs)Lr19-RGA1、Lr19-RGA2、Lr19-RGA3、Lr35-RGA1、Lr35-RGA2和TC-RGA.在NCBI中用BLASTp比对发现,Lr19-RGA1、Lr19-RGA2、Lr19-RGA3、Lr35-RGA1和Lr35-RGA2编码的氨基酸序列具有丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(Serine-threonine kinase,STK)的催化结构域Ⅱ-Ⅷ.对序列分析还发现,它们与已克隆的STK类抗病基因有不同程度的相似性,为进一步克隆小麦抗叶锈病相关基因提供了依据.     

小麦抗叶锈病基因Lr19的SRAP标记

以Thatcher和23个以Thatcher为遗传背景的小麦抗叶锈病近等基因系及TcLr19与Thatcher杂交的F2植株为材料,首次应用SRAP技术开展小麦抗叶锈病基因Lr19的SRAP分子标记研究,获得一个与小麦抗叶锈病基因连锁的分子标记,命名为M73,与目的基因的遗传连锁距离为2.6 cM,为分子辅助育种、构建密集的遗传图谱和最终实现Lr19基因的克隆奠定基础。     

NBS profiling技术在小麦抗叶锈病研究中的应用初探

为了研究NBS profiling技术在小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)抗叶锈病基因中应用的可行性,本研究选用15个小麦抗叶锈病近等基因系和感病亲本Thatcher为材料,建立NBS profiling体系,并进行多态性分析;同时选取含有成株抗叶锈病基因Lr35的近等基因系TcLr35和Thatcher为材料,进行cDNA NBSprofiling,从转录水平上寻找与目的基因Lr35相关的RGA片段.研究结果表明:基因组NBS profiling中所选的16对酶/引物组合中Mse Ⅰ/NBS2、Mse Ⅰ/NBS5和Mse Ⅰ/NBS7均得到了较好扩增结果,多态性高,多态性检出率分别为26.4％、26.4％和23.5％; cDNA NBS profiling中共筛选了52对酶/引物组合进行差异片段的扩增,有多对组合能成功揭示抗感间差异.NBS profiling技术可应用于小麦叶锈病抗病基因的研究中,为该技术在小麦抗叶锈病基因筛选及分子标记研究中的应用奠定了基础.     

33个小麦品种(系)抗叶锈基因Lr19分子检测

由小麦叶锈菌(Puccinia triticinia)引起的小麦叶锈病在世界各地产麦区均有发生。利用抗病品种是防治该病害最经济、安全、有效的方法。小麦抗叶锈病基因Lr19是一个十分有效的抗叶锈性基因,自1966年首次将该基因从长穗偃麦草(Agropyron elongatum)转到普通小麦中,至今仍是一个应用潜力很大的抗病基因。本研究利用以PCR为基础的STS技术对以春小麦Thatcher为背景的50个近等基因系材料和TcLr19与Thatcher杂交F2小麦进行检测,并对33个小麦品种进行分子标记分析鉴定,结果如下:(1)对以春小麦Thatcher为背景的50个近等基因系材料和TcLr19×ThatcherF2代小麦进行PCR-STS检测,扩增结果表明在50个近等基因系材料中仅有TcLr19中出现一条130bp的DNA条带,STSLr19130标记在其他49个近等基因系材料中未检测到Lr19基因;F2代中表现感病的植株没有130bp的DNA片段,表现抗病的植株有130bp的DNA条带;重复两次结果相同,进一步证明了与小麦抗叶锈基因Lr19共分离的STS标记的稳定可靠。(2)利用以PCR为基础的STSLr19...     

小麦NBS类抗病相关基因片段RGA-A的初步研究

利用同源序列法分离小麦抗病相关基因同源序列。根据已经克隆的抗病基因保守结构NBS区设计引物,采用RT-PCR方法对小麦抗叶锈病近等基因系材料TcLr24进行扩增。获得了一条通读的525 bp条带RGA-A,通过BLASTp比较,序列中含有典型的NBS保守结构域,与很多已知植物抗病基因的功能相应区域一致,编码的蛋白与大麦中抗性蛋白亲缘关系较近。半定量RT-PCR分析表明,RGA-A受叶锈菌诱导表达,表明该基因在小麦叶片中与抗叶锈性相关。该NBS类抗病基因相关片段的获得为研究小麦抗病基因奠定了基础。     

黑麦重复序列在检测小麦品种中外源染色体的应用

本研究根据RAPD引物OPH20在黑麦中扩增出的特异序列pSc20H.2设计一对PCR引物pSc20ht-23/24,以来源于黑麦的小麦抗叶锈近等基因系材料TcLr45及感病对照Thatcher为亲本进行PCR扩增。并对42个小麦抗叶锈近等基因系及103个小麦品种材料进行检测。引物pSc20ht23/24在TcLr45中扩增出一条约750bp的条带,而在Thatcher中无扩增条带。对该特异片段回收、克隆测序为734bp。42个小麦抗叶锈近等基因系检测在TcLr26中扩增出与TcLr45相同的条带,而在同样来源于黑麦的小麦抗叶锈近等基因系TcLr25中未扩增出该条带;中国春-Imperial黑麦附加系1R-7R中除5R外均扩增出该条带;13个1B/1R易位系小麦品种也扩增出该条带;90个地方小麦品种中有16个扩增出该条带,6个品种经系谱分析具有黑麦遗传背景,表明该标记可用于检测小麦中含有的除黑麦5R染色体之外的外源染色质。     

小麦抗叶锈病基因Lr35的RGA分析

根据已知植物抗病基因的NBS,LRR等保守结构域设计引物,对小麦全套抗叶锈病近等基因系材料进行RGA分析。引物对Pto-kin1IN／XLRR-INV1从近等基因系TeLr35中扩增获得一条747bp的特异性片段。序列分析表明,该片段与小麦基因片段Triticum urartu clone BAC 210J24,Triticum monococcum DV92的BAC克隆231A16等具有较高同源性,为Lr35的克隆奠定了基础。     

河北省又取得一批植保农药类科研成果

<正>(接上期)10.利用同源序列克隆法发掘小麦抗病相关基因单位名称:河北农业大学评价单位名称:河北省科技成果转化服务中心课题以优良的小麦抗叶锈病基因Lr19为研究对象,以TcLr19、Thatcher及含有其它小麦抗叶锈病基因的近等基因系为材料,利用RT-PCR方法结合RACE技术,获得Lr19抗病相关基因cDNA全长,并对其进行基因结构和功能分析。研究结果:(1)获得了2个通读的NBS-LRR类小麦抗病同源基因S11A11和CIN14。BLASTp比较分析表明,S11A11和CIN14基因均含有NB-ARC保守结构域和多个LRR结构     

小麦抗叶锈病Lr35基因同源序列RGA1侧翼序列的扩增与分析

利用小麦抗叶锈病近等基因系材料TcLr35,根据已扩增出的Lr35相关基因组DNA片段RGA1设计3对特异性引物,通过热不对称交错PCR技术获得2个有效扩增片段,将目的片段回收纯化,连接到pGEM-TEasy载体,转化EcoliDH5α感受态细胞中,经EcoRⅠ酶切,验证插入片段,选择合适菌液测序。获得了2条侧翼序列,长度分别为511bp和614bp,与RGA1重叠区分别为293bp和509bp,分别向3'端和5'端延长了208bp和100bp,拼接后序列为915bp。经BLASTn同源性比较与小麦抗叶锈病基因Lr21同源性为93%(score值为674,E值为0.0),与含有Lr10基因的450Kb大片段重叠群同源性为90%(score值为260,E值为7e-66),该研究为克隆Lr35目的基因奠定了基础。     

小麦抗叶锈基因Lr24、Lr35的STS、SCAR标记在近等基因系(NILs)上的特异性验证

用一套分别含有不同抗叶锈基因的53个以Thatcher为遗传背景的近等基因系（near-isogeniclines,NILs）对已报道的分别与抗叶锈基因Lr24和Lr35连锁的STS、SCAR进行特异性验证。结果对于与Lr24连锁的STS标记,在53个NILs中只在TcLr24亲本中扩增出片段大小与报道相同的310bp的条带,在TcLr35中也扩增出了一条片段,但片段大小不同于310bp约为270bp。对于与Lr35连锁的SCAR标记,只在TcLr35亲本中扩增出片段大小为900bp的条带,与报道片段大小一致。验证结果表明与抗病基因Lr24和Lr35连锁的STS、SCAR分子标记在NILs中特异性都较好,进一步证明了这两个分子标记可方便地用于小麦抗叶锈基因Lr24、Lr35的分子标记辅助选择育种。     

小麦抗叶锈病基因Lr45的SSR分子标记

用定位于2A染色体的59对SSR、EST-SSR引物,对小麦抗叶锈病基因Lr45进行分子标记,共筛选出11对揭示TcLr45多态性的引物。用157株F₂抗感群体对这11对引物进一步检测,得到4个与Lr45共分离的SSR标记(Xgwm95、Xgwm47、Xgwm372和Xgwm122)。将经PAGE检测的标记Xgwm95的抗感差异带及Xgwm47的抗性片段进行克隆测序发现其中含有微卫星序列,且均为二核苷酸重复。Xgwm372和Xgwm122经琼脂糖凝胶电泳发现与Lr45的供体黑麦有共同的标记片段,可直接用于分子标记辅助选择。     

小麦基因组的一种简易提取方法

摘要：【研究目的】在综合分析多种提取小麦DNA方法的基础上,改良发展了一种快速简便高效的小麦基因组DNA提取方法。【方法】以春小麦Thatcher和以Thatcher为背景的近等基因系TcLr19,TcLr20, TcLr28为材料,改进后的方法提取的基因组DNA用抗叶锈基因Lr20的STS标记、Lr19和Lr28的SCAR标记、Lr28的SSR 标记进行PCR扩增,【结果】各分子标记都扩增出条带清晰正确的目的片段【结论】这表明该方法能够获得适用于STS、SCAR、SSR标记PCR扩增的高质量的DNA,而且该DNA简易提取方法加快了DNA提取速度、降低了污染源和成本,为大批量提取DNA提供了技术支撑。     

Identification of molecular markers linked to adult plant leaf rust resistance gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lr48</Emphasis> in wheat and detection of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lr48</Emphasis> in the Thatcher near-isogenic line with gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lr25</Emphasis>

The recessive adult plant resistance (APR) gene Lr48 in wheat was tagged with flanking random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Markers S336₇₇₅ in coupling and S3₄₅₀ in repulsion with Lr48 were identified in wheat line CSP44. Tests of these markers on available Thatcher near-isogenic lines (NILs) detected the likely presence of Lr48 in TcLr25. A test of allelism of APR involving the cross TcLr25 × CSP44 indicated that Lr48 was present in both lines. A separate experiment on inheritance of resistance in an F₂ population of TcLr25 × Agra Local confirmed the presence of a dominant seedling resistance gene (Lr25) and a recessive APR gene (Lr48) in TcLr25. This study demonstrated the value of molecular markers in identifying the presence of masked genes in genetic stocks where direct phenotyping failed to detect their presence.     

Genetics of stem rust resistance in the spring wheat cultivar Thatcher and the enhancement of stem rust resistance by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lr34</Emphasis>

Three recombinant inbred line populations from the crosses RL6071/Thatcher, RL6071/RL6058 (Thatcher Lr34), and Thatcher/RL6058, were used to study the genetics of stem rust resistance in Thatcher and TcLr34. Segregation of stem rust response in each population was used to determine the number of genes conferring resistance, as well as the effect of the leaf rust resistance gene Lr34 on stem rust resistance. The relationship between resistance in seedling and adult plants was also examined, and an attempt was made to identify microsatellite markers linked to genes that were effective in adult plants. In field plot tests at least three additive resistance genes segregated in the RL6071/RL6058 population, whereas two resistance genes segregated in the RL6071/Thatcher population. The presence of the gene Lr34 permitted the expression of additional stem rust resistance in Thatcher-derived lines both at the seedling and adult plant stages. Seedling resistance to races TPMK and RKQQ was significantly associated with resistance in adult plants, whereas seedling resistance to races QCCD and QCCB may have made a minor contribution. The seedling resistance genes Sr16 and Sr12 may have contributed to resistance in adult plants. A molecular marker linked to resistance in adult plants was identified on chromosome 2BL.     

Genetic basis of seedling-resistance to leaf rust in bread wheat 'Thatcher'

The bread wheat cultivar ‘Thatcher’ is documented to carry the gene Lr22b for adult‐plant resistance to leaf rust. Seedling‐resistance to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina in the bread wheat cultivar ‘Thatcher’, the background parent of the near‐isogenic lines for leaf rust resistance genes in wheat, is rare and no published information could be found on its genetic basis. The F₂ and F₃ analysis of the cross ‘Agra Local’ (susceptible) × ‘Thatcher’ showed that an apparently incompletely dominant gene conditioned seedling‐resistance in ‘Thatcher’ to the three ‘Thatcher’‐avirulent Indian leaf rust pathotypes – 0R8, 0R8‐1 and 0R9. Test of allelism revealed that this gene (temporarily designated LrKr1) was derived from ‘Kanred’, one of the parents of ‘Thatcher’. Absence of any susceptible F₂ segregants in a ‘Thatcher’ × ‘Marquis’ cross confirmed that an additional gene (temporarily designated LrMq1) derived from ‘Marquis’, another parent of ‘Thatcher’, was effective against pathotype 0R9 alone. These two genes as well as a second gene in ‘Kanred’ (temporarily designated LrKr2), which was effective against all the three pathotypes, but has not been inherited by ‘Thatcher’, seem to be novel, undocumented leaf rust resistance genes.     

TcLr24小麦STK类抗病基因同源片段的分离和特征分析

利用根据STK类植物抗病基因类似序列保守结构设计的引物,对TcLr24小麦叶片cDNA进行扩增,通过RT-PCR扩增得到STK类抗病基因同源片段长度811bp,开放阅读框长804bp,编码268个通读的氨基酸序列,大小29.6kDa,理论等电点6.14,该氨基酸序列与多个小麦和燕麦蛋白激酶序列高度同源,含有激酶特征结构疏水信号序列及胞外结构域。