银杏幼苗耐寒性及其他技术研究

在冀南地区对银杏进行了播种时期、播种密度、遮荫效果、幼苗耐寒性等试验 ,结果表明 ,银杏适宜播种期为 3月中旬 ,适宜密度为 6万粒 / 6 6 6 7m2 ,为降低苗期辐射强度、提高幼苗的抗灼伤能力应遮荫 2 0 %～ 4 0 % ,并进行断胚根等技术措施 ;幼苗耐寒性试验表明 ,银杏幼苗可耐持续近冰点温度 72h ,幼芽在 - 2℃ 1h出现伤害 ,- 4℃全部死亡 ,初生叶在 - 4℃ 1h14 %死亡 ,- 6℃ 1h全部死亡 ,发育叶 - 8℃ 1h 2 6 %存活 ,- 10℃ 1h全部死亡     

CO_2浓度增加对小麦和玉米品质影响的实验研究

通过 3种 CO2 浓度 ( 70 0× 10 -6、 50 0× 10 -6、 350× 10 -6)模拟实验表明 :CO2 浓度增加使小麦籽粒的蛋白质、赖氨酸、脂肪含量增高 ,淀粉含量下降 ,品质得到提高 ;玉米则相反 ,其蛋白质、赖氨酸、脂肪含量随 CO2 浓度升高而减少 ,淀粉含量略有增高 ,品质有所下降。 70 0× 10 -6的小麦籽粒粗蛋白、赖氨酸、粗脂肪、粗淀粉比 350× 10 -6分别增长 3.0 %、 3.0 %、 8.5%和 - 2 .3% ,玉米增长- 7.5%、 - 10 .5%、 - 3.7%和 0 .6% ;50 0× 10 -6小麦分别增长 4 .4 %、 9.1%、 11.3%和 - 1.7% ;玉米增长 - 5.0 %、 - 5.3%、 - 4 .0 %和 2 .6%     

山农丰抗棉6号种植密度整枝方式对产量的影响试验

山农丰抗 6号是山东农业大学农学院育成的高产、抗病、优质新品种抗虫棉 ,适宜盐碱地、覆膜、直播、春播、麦棉、瓜棉、菜棉套种。肥水、密度、整枝方式是影响该品种产量的主要因素 ,为找出最佳密度及与之相配套的整枝措施 ,2 0 0 1年 ,笔者在老僧堂乡进行了不同种植密度与整枝方式试验。1　材料与方法　　试验地有机质含量 1 2 1% ,速效氮 75mg kg ,速效磷 2 5mg kg ,速效钾 15 0mg kg ,棉花常规种植法 ,留苗密度 36 5 0 0株 hm2 株左右。试验设 6个处理 ,重复 3次 ,随机区组排列 ,小区面积 0 0 0 33hm2 ,等行距种植 ,0 4 2 0日播种。全…     

复合间作栽培模式对滨海盐渍土养分和有机质的影响

为了探讨复合间作栽培模式对滨海盐渍土的改良作用,选择木本植物沙枣、杜梨和草本植物红花、胡卢巴为试验材料,采用4种间作模式（T1：胡卢巴+沙枣;T2：第1年红花+沙枣、第2年胡卢巴+沙枣;T3：红花+杜梨;T4：红花+沙枣）,研究不同间作模式对滨海盐渍土0~10 cm、10~30 cm和30~50 cm 3个土层养分和有机质含量的影响。按照国家标准分别测定土壤中水解氮、速效磷、速效钾及有机质含量,结果表明：4种间作模式种植后均提高了土壤0~50 cm土层水解氮、速效磷、速效钾及有机质含量,但不同间作模式对土壤中各物质增幅影响效果有显著差异。间作种植后养分和有机质含量在0~10 cm、10~30 cm和30~50 cm 3个土层中增幅最高的间作模式分别为：水解氮——T2(92.1%)、T2(199.8%)和T2(370.5%),速效磷-T4(69.1%)、T1(558.9%)和T1(245.7%),速效钾——T1(144.9%)、T2(119.5%)和T1(132.0%),有机质——T2(82.5%)、T2(212.3%)和T1(180.6%)。综合分析,T1和T2模式在4种间作模式中改良滨海盐渍土效果较好,可作为生物改良滨海盐渍土的有效途径。     

Detection of Chlorogenic Acid,Macranthoidin B and Dipsacoside B in FLOS LONICERAE Grown in Guizhou Province by UPLC-PDA-ELSD

[Objective] To detect chlorogenic acid,macranthoidin B and dipsacoside B in FLOS LONICERAE grown in Guizhou Province by UPLC-PDA-ELSD,and to investigate the quality of FLOS LONICERAE grown in Guizhou Province. [Methods] ACQUITYUPLC BEH C18 chromatographic column( 2. 1 mm × 100 mm,1. 7 μm) was adopted; mobile phase was acetonitrile( A)- 0. 4% acetic acid water( B); gradient elution was as follows: 0- 2 min,7% A; 2- 2. 3 min,7%- 28% A; 2. 3- 10 min,28% A; 10- 10. 5 min,28%- 7% A; gradient flow rate was as follows: 0- 2 min,0. 35 m L / min; 2- 2. 3 min,0. 35- 0. 25 m L / min; 2. 3- 2. 6 min,0. 25- 0. 15 m L / min; 2. 6- 2. 8min,0. 15- 0. 1 m L / min; 2. 8- 4 min,0. 1- 0. 2 m L / min; 4- 4. 3 min,0. 2- 0. 3 m L / min; 4. 3- 4. 5 min,0. 3- 0. 35 m L / min; 4. 5-10. 5 min,0. 35 m L / min; PDA( ultraviolet detector) was used to detect the chlorogenic acid( 330 nm wavelength); ELSD( evaporative light- scattering detector) was used to detected the macranthoidin B and dipsacoside B; temperature of the drift tube was 60 ℃; sprayer was48 ℃; gas pressure was 137. 9 k Pa; and column temperature was 50 ℃. [Results] Chlorogenic acid,macranthoidin B and dipsacoside B showed good linear relationship within the ranges of 0. 304 5- 1. 522 5 μg / m L( R2= 0. 999 4),0. 449- 1. 436 8 μg / m L( R2= 0. 999 3)and 0. 044 6- 0. 223 μg / m L( R2= 0. 999 4),respectively. [Conclusions] This method could accurately detect the contents of chlorogenic acid,macranthoidin B and dipsacoside B in FLOS LONICERAE grown in Guizhou Province,effectively shorten the measurement time and save reagents,so that it was suitable to detect the quality of FLOS LONICERAE grown in Guizhou Province.     

沼肥在苹果树上的应用效果初探

沼渣、沼液统称沼肥，是猪、牛、羊粪和人粪尿等经过沼气池充分发酵后的产物。沼渣主要含有：有机质30％-50％，腐植酸10％-20％，全氮0．8％-2．0％，全磷0．4％。1．2％，全钾0．6％～2．0％。沼液总固体含量约小于1％，含速效氮0．04％，主要是速效性养分。     

稻-油轮作条件下长期秸秆还田对土壤肥力的影响

在湖北省2个秸秆还田长期定位试验(武穴市8年和荆州市3年)的基础上,研究武穴的传统耕作(W1)、秸秆还田配合传统耕作(W2)、免耕(W3)、秸秆还田配合免耕(W4)以及荆州的施氮磷肥(J1)、氮磷钾肥(J2)、秸秆还田配合氮磷肥(J3)、秸秆还田配合氮磷钾肥(J4)处理对土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:(1)两地耕层(0~20 cm)土壤中各养分(全氮、有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾)的含量均显著高于20~40 cm土层的,秸秆还田和免耕均能有效提高耕层土壤中有机质和全氮的含量,其中W4和J4处理效果最好;W4比W1有机质和全氮分别增加了1.72%~37.55%和2.09%~15.79%,J4比J1增加了1.41%~21.90%和5.83%~16.38%;油菜季土壤有机质含量普遍高于水稻季;(2)秸秆还田显著提高耕层土壤的速效养分(碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾)的含量,尤其是速效钾,增幅最大;(3)与W1和J1相比,W2和J3减小了耕层土壤的容重(分别减小7.81%和2.39%),增大土壤总孔隙度(分别增大4.75%和1.14%)和毛管孔隙度(分别增大3.77%和9.40%)。稻-油轮作条件下长期秸秆还田显著提高耕层土壤养分的含量,降低土壤容重和增大孔隙度,对培肥土壤有积极的作用。     

湖北省2001年审定的麦类品种简介

1　郑麦 90 2 31.1　品种来源郑麦 90 2 3系河南省农业科学院选育的小麦品种 ,湖北省种子管理站引进 ,品种审定编号鄂审麦 0 0 1- 2 0 0 1。1.2　品质产量1999～ 2 0 0 1年度参加湖北省小麦品种区域试验 ,品质经农业部谷物及制品质量监督检验测试中心 (哈尔滨 )测定 ,容重799g/ L ,蛋白质含量 (干基 ) 12 .88% ,湿面筋含量 2 5 .4 % ,沉降值 30 .6 ml,吸水率 6 1.1% ,稳定时间 5 .2 min。两年区域试验平均单产 5 5 6 0 .2 kg/ hm2 ,比对照鄂恩 1号增产 17.84 %。1.3　特征特性属弱春性品种。幼苗生长半匍匐 ,分蘖力强 ,成穗率较高。株高 81…     

果梅花粉离体萌发及花粉管生长影响因子的研究

研究了果梅 (PrunusmumeSieb etZucc)花粉在不同温度、湿度条件下贮藏后以及在不同培养基组分、pH值和湿度条件下花粉萌发和花粉管生长特性。结果表明 ,花粉萌发及花粉管生长最适宜的液体培养基为 10 %蔗糖 ,0 0 1%硼酸 ,15 %PEG - 40 0 0 ,0 0 7?(NO3 ) 2 ·4H2 O ,0 0 2 %MgSO4·7H2 O ,pH值以 6 0～ 6 5为宜 ;在该培养基上果梅花粉萌发率为 6 2 % ,花粉管生长长度为 4 2 9μm。适宜于花粉萌发和花粉管生长的空气相对湿度约为 80 %。随着贮藏时间的延长 ,花粉活力逐渐下降 ,但下降的速度因贮藏温度及湿度不同而异 ,如在 2 5℃条件下贮藏 1个月的花粉就已完全丧失萌芽力 ,在 5℃条件下贮藏 1个月的花粉的萌芽率仍有 2 0 % ,而在 - 2 0℃条件下贮藏 2个月后 ,其萌发率也几乎不降低 ,此外 ,贮藏空间的相对湿度越小 ,越有利于花粉的长期贮藏。     

鲁棉14幼苗生长对氯化钠胁迫的反应及微量元素、激素处理的效应

以鲁棉 1 4为试验材料 ,利用盆栽和田间试验分别研究了棉苗生长对 Na Cl胁迫的反应及微量元素、激素浸种处理的效应。结果表明 ,Na Cl胁迫下“土壤 -棉花”系统 Na+、K+消长规律分别符合 y1=0 .1 70 38+ 6.70 32 3x( r=0 .941 6**)、y2 =1 . 0 1 0 72 - 0 . 92 4 0 7x ( r=- 0 . 8685 *)和 y=1 .0 5 0 98- 0 . 1 460 5 xi( r=- 0 . 9771 **) ,棉株体内Na+、K+含量与土壤盐分 ( Na Cl)含量具有显著或极显著的相关性。土壤盐分胁迫抑制棉花生长 ,但棉花可通过提高保护酶 ( SOD、POD、CAT)活性而表现出一定的耐盐伤害能力 ,土壤中 Na Cl含量 0 .3%～ 0 .4%是棉花保护酶活性的变化转折点。适宜的微量元素和激素浸种处理 ,具有增强棉花耐盐性的作用 ,浸种效应以 Mo1 0 0 0 mg· L- 1、Mn1 0 0 0 mg·L- 1、GA5 0 mg· L- 1浸种 2 4 h处理较好 ,效果显著     

油菜的生长发育和醣、氮及脂肪代谢特点的初步研究

研究了不同类型油菜品种外部器官的形成、生长与体內醣、氮及脂肪代谢的关系。产量以甘兰类型较白菜类型高。叶面积高峯出现在盛花期前后,净同化率呈“S”形曲线。现蕾抽苔期醣代谢起着主导作用,绝大多数同化产物分配在茎中,同时需肥最多。种子成熟过程含油量的增长,主要由醣转化而成。     

氮肥水平对强筋小麦产量和氮素利用的影响

为明确强筋小麦产量与效率相协同的最优施氮量,试验选用‘济麦20’和‘洲元9369’ 2个优质强筋小麦品种为试验材料,设置0、120、180、240、300 kg N/hm ²等5个施氮水平,用烘干法和凯氏定氮法分别测定小麦成熟期干物质量积累和含氮量,用以计算小麦氮素积累及氮素利用相关指标。结果表明,随氮肥投入量的增加,小麦产量呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,其中‘济麦20’在N180和N240下达最高产量7.28 t/hm ²和7.26 t/hm ²,其较高的产量主要源于相对平衡的产量构成因素以及较高的干物质积累量（平均18.54 t/hm ²）;‘洲元9369’在N180下产量最高达7.75 t/hm ²,其较高的产量主要源于较高的单位面积穗数(970.65万/hm ²)、穗粒数（30.83粒）、较高的干物质积累量(20.77 t/hm ²)和收获指数(37.33%)。虽然氮肥偏生产力随着氮肥施用量的增加逐渐下降,但两品种的氮肥回收效率、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥生理利用效率均可在N180条件下达到最高值,其中,‘济麦20’最高值分别为62.67%、5.71 kg/kg、9.11 kg/kg,‘洲元9369’的最高值分别为63.65%、7.33 kg/kg、11.55 kg/kg。综合产量水平和氮素利用相关指标,本区域强筋小麦生产中产量与氮素利用效率相协同的施氮量为180 kg/hm ²。     

辽宁春季界限温度发生日期的预报方法研究

为了在春季气候预测工作中,尽可能准确地预测辽宁春季稳定通过5℃的日期,采用1961—2010年辽宁省53站逐日气温资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析的月平均位势高度场、海平面气压场资料以及由NOAA重构的月平均海温场资料,通过相关分析方法并开展物理因子的普查工作,寻找辽宁春季稳定通过5℃日期的影响因子,并利用多元线性回归方法建立预报方程。结果表明：1961—2010年辽宁春季气温稳定通过5℃日期随时间有提前出现的趋势;稳定通过5℃日期与2月北大西洋海温、1月西北太平洋海温、2月北极涛动、1月印度洋海温、10月阿留申低压强度和1月北大西洋涛动关系密切;建立的预报稳定通过5℃日期的多元线性回归方程具有显著意义。     

Resources,representation, and authority in Jharkhand,India

Abstract: Jharkhand is at the centre of India's struggles to define ‘the environment’ and ‘economically relevant natural resources’. Although cultural labels are applied by leaders who seek influence in these struggles as well as by many of those people who listen, an ethnonational analytic frame does not help answer the questions: How, why and when has the political idea of environment changed in India? When and why has the Jharkhand movement chosen violent tactics? When and why has the Jharkhand statehood movement realised electoral success? Or, why was Jharkhand state formed? To address such questions, a long range historical‐institutional approach is much more fruitful.     

Sensitivity of Corn, Oats, Peanuts, Rice, Rye, Sorghum, Soybean and Tobacco to UV-B Radiation under Growth Chamber Conditions

Sensitivity of different agronomic crops to UV-B radiation was studied under environmentally controlled conditions. UV-B radiation reduced plant height, fresh weight, dry weight and ash contents. The reduction varied among the different species tested. Narrow-leaved plants (mainly C₄) were less sensitive to UV-B than broad-leaved plants (mainly C₃).     

Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Involution and Factorial of High Effective Locations

This paper presents the class of high effective locations and its addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, involution and factorial by the object-oriented programming.     

The origin,evolution, cultivation,dissemination, and diversification of Asian and African rices

Summary Available evidences drawn from biosystematics, evolutionary biology, biogeography, archaeology, history, anthropology, paleo-geology and paleo-meteorology are pooled to reconstruct the series of events that led to the cosmopolitan cultivation of the Asian cultivated rice (O. sativa) and the regionalized planting of the African cultigen (O. glaberrima) in West Africa. The genus Oryza originated in the Gondwanaland continents and, following the fracture of the supercontinent, became widely distributed in the humid tropics of Africa, South America, South and Southeast Asia, and Oceania. The two cultivated species have had a common progenitor in the distant past. Parallel and independent evolutionary processes occurred in Africa and in Asia, following the sequence of: wild perennialwild annualcultivated annual. The weed races also contributed to the differentiation of the cultivated annuals. The corresponding members of the above series are O. longistaminata Chev. et Roehr., O. barthii A. Chev., O. glaberrima Steud., and the stapfii forms of O. glaberrima in Africa; O. rufipogon Griff., O. nivara Sharma et Shastry, O. sativa L., and the spontanea forms of O. sativa in Asia.The differentiation and diversification of the annuals in South Asia were accelerated by marked climatic changes following the last glacial age, dispersal of plants over latitude or altitude, human selection, and manipulation of the cultural environment.Cultivation of rice began in many parts of South and Southeast Asia, probably first in Ancient India. Cultural techniques such as puddling and transplanting were first developed in north and central China and later transmitted to Southeast Asia. Wetland culture preceded dryland culture in China, but in hilly areas of Southeast Asia, dryland cultivation is older than lowland culture. The planting method progressed from shifting cultivation to direct sowing in permanent fields, then to transplanting in bunded fields.Widespread dispersal of the Asian cultigen led to the formation of three eco-geographic races (Indica. Sinica or Japonica, and Javanica) and distinct cultural types in monsoon Asia (upland, lowland, and deep water). Varietal types changed readily within the span of a millenium, largely due to cultivators' preferences, socio-religious traditions, and population pressure. Genetic differentiation developed parallel to the ecologic diversification process.The African cultigen developed later than the Asian cultigen and has undergone less diversification. The wild races in South America and Oceania retain their primitive features mainly due to lack of cultivation pressure or dispersal.Both the African and Asian rices are still undergoing evolutionary changes at habitats where the wild, weed, and cultivated races co-exist.