植物多糖的研究及应用进展

植物多糖具有广泛的药理作用,参与机体各种生理代谢,具有调节机体免疫功能、抑制肿瘤、抗衰老、抗病毒、降血脂、降血糖、抗氧化等多种生物活性。提高植物多糖的提取分离效率,加深对其药理活性机制及作用机理与结构关系的认识,是当前研究的热点。此文重点对植物多糖的结构、提取方法、药理作用以及在医药、食品、农业等领域的应用等方面概述了其研究进展,以期作为合理利用植物资源的依据,为植物多糖的进一步开发利用提供了参考。     

植物多糖功能与作用机理的研究进展

植物多糖是由许多相同或不同结构的单糖通过糖苷键组成的化合物,广泛存在于植物有机体中,具有多种生物学效应。主要对植物多糖的免疫调节、抗肿瘤、降血糖、降血脂、抗辐射、抗病毒、抗衰老等功能及作用机理进行了综述。     

植物多糖的提取分离及应用研究进展

植物多糖参与机体各种生理代谢,具有调节机体免疫、抑制肿瘤、延缓衰老、降血糖血脂、抗辐射、抗菌、抗病毒等生物活性,其独特的活性和来源的天然性在保障人体健康应用中具有强大潜力。笔者介绍了植物多糖的提取分离方法,生物活性,开发与利用等近年来的研究成果。     

植物多糖的提取分离及应用研究进展

植物多糖参与机体各种生理代谢,具有调节机体免疫、抑制肿瘤、延缓衰老、降血糖血脂、抗辐射、抗菌、抗病毒等生物活性,其独特的活性和来源的天然性在保障人体健康应用中具有强大潜力。笔者介绍了植物多糖的提取分离方法,生物活性,开发与利用等近年来的研究成果     

植物多糖的提取技术与功能研究进展

多糖几乎存在于所有的动物、植物及微生物体内而参与机体生理代谢。植物多糖具有降血糖、降血脂、预防和治疗糖尿病、抗肿瘤、抗氧化等生理功能,可作为药物用于临床治疗,其提取方法主要有超滤法、微波辅助提取法、超微粉碎法、超临界流体萃取法等。     

我国研究出取代传统面包增筋剂的新植物多糖

我国科研^员经过多年努力,近日成功研发出了可以取代传统面包增筋剂的新结构植物多糖。中国科学院长春应用化学研究所的科研人员,近日成功开发出了一种新的植物多糖。研究表明,这种植物多糖是从我国特有植物中提取的高纯度糖,完全可以取代溴酸钾。据专家介绍,这种植物多糖具有特殊的微结构,     

植物源性多糖提取及生物活性研究进展

植物多糖是一种来源广的天然活性物质,因其具有毒性低、活性高等优点,开发利用前景广阔,而多糖提取方法与多糖的提取率及生物活性息息相关。为了明确植物多糖提取方法之间的差异,及提取方法与多糖提取率和活性之间的联系,本文在大量的文献基础上,归纳了一些植物多糖不同提取方法的优缺点,总结了不同提取方法多糖提取率的差异,分析了不同提取方法对其生物活性的影响。得出不同的提取方法自身都有一定的益处和弊端。由于植物自身结构的限制,不同提取方法对其提取率和结构都有所影响,选取适宜的提取方法,可以提高工作效率,也为指导多糖提取工作提供理论依据。     

何首乌多糖的研究进展

何首乌多糖是植物何首乌块根中提取到的一种新活性成分,目前已成为何首乌研究的又一亮点。何首乌多糖具有免疫调节、抗氧化、抗衰老和抗老年痴呆等生物活性作用。概述了何首乌多糖的提取、分离纯化和结构分析,以及其生物活性的研究进展,介绍了不同炮制方法对何首乌多糖的影响,总结了当前何首乌多糖研究中存在的问题并指出其今后研究的发展方向。     

长白楤木生物活性成分的研究进展

长白楤木是一种药食同源的珍贵植物,在心血管疾病、神经系统、抗肿瘤等方面具有保健功效。因此,将长白楤木中的黄酮类物质、皂苷类、多糖等生物活性成分进行了综述,并对其前景进行展望,以便更好地开发利用长白楤木植物资源。     

多糖提取方法的研究进展

植物多糖在自然界中广泛存在,具有多种生物学活性,其提取方法和提取工艺现已成为研究的热点之一。对各种传统和新型的多糖提取方法进行介绍,为多糖提取方法的进一步发展提供参考。     

灵芝多糖抑菌活性初探

通过热水提取法提取灵芝多糖,得到灵芝粗多糖,并以3种植物病原菌(胡萝卜欧氏菌、指状青霉、灰葡萄孢)和5种食品有害菌(蜡状芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、黑曲霉和黑根霉)为供试菌,采用纸片琼脂法来测定灵芝粗多糖对供试菌的抑菌强度。结果表明,灵芝粗多糖对植物病原菌中的胡萝卜欧氏菌有较强的抑制作用;对指状青霉菌有一定的抑制作用,但抑制作用较弱;对灰葡萄孢几乎没有抑制作用;对食品有害菌中的枯草芽孢杆和蜡状芽孢杆菌有很强的抑制作用;对大肠杆菌和黑曲霉抑制作用相对较弱;对黑根霉几乎没有抑制作用。总体来看,灵芝多糖对细菌的抑菌活性强于真菌。     

机械力对魔芋葡甘聚糖影响研究

对机械力作用下魔芋葡甘聚糖的变化影响进行了研究总结,介绍了不同粉碎方式产生的机械力,以及机械力对魔芋葡甘聚糖的影响,并揭示机械力对魔芋葡甘聚糖影响的作用机理。对机械力作用其他多糖的研究提供理论指导,为KGM在机械力作用下的分子链保护提供理论指导,为魔芋葡甘聚糖乃至其他天然植物多糖的精深加工提供重要的依据。     

羊蹄甲果荚中总RNA提取的新方法

高质量RNA的获得是开展羊蹄甲分子生物学研究的基础,但要获得高质量的植物总RNA比较困难,RNA的提取方法会因植物材料的不同而有较大差异。目前已有多种从植物组织中提取RNA的方法。但是由于羊蹄甲中的次生物质含量较高,这些常用方法并不适用于羊蹄甲RNA的提取。本文介绍一种羊蹄甲果荚中总RNA的提取方法,它可以有效的排除羊蹄甲组织中大量存在的多酚类和多糖类物质的干扰。所得RNA样品经紫外分光光度计检测和1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析证明无明显降解,且具有较高的纯度。获得的RNA样品在纯度和浓度上都可以满足RT-PCR,Northernblot和cDNA文库构建等分子生物学实验的要求。本方法尤其适用于多酚和多糖含量较高的植物组织的RNA提取,且试剂简单经济,试验结果稳定,重现性强。     

Study on the Plant Morphology and Total Polysaccharides Content in the Stems of Panax quinquefolius L.Grown in Canada

[Objective] To research on the changes of total polysaccharides content and plant morphology in the 1- to 5-year-old stems of Panax quinquefolius L.,which were harvested from May to September in Canada. [Methods]Plant morphological characteristics(length,diameter,dry weight and fresh weight) of the stems of P. quinquefolius with different growth years in different collection months were detected;and the dry rate was calculated. Total polysaccharides content in the stems of P. quinquefolius was detected by UV spectrophotometry; and DPS2000 was used for data analysis. [Results]Plant morphological characteristics of the stems of P. quinquefolius showed a increasing trend as the growth years and harvest period prolonged. dry rates of P. quinquefolius stems with different growth years had significant differences(P=0.013 1 0.05),which were in the order of one-year-old stems(0.348) two-year-old stems(0.296) five-year-old stems(0.202) four-year-old stems(0. 174) three-year-old stems(0. 164). dry rates of P. quinquefolius stems in different harvest periods showed extremely significant differences(P = 0. 005 8 0. 01),which were in the order of July May June August September. Total polysaccharides contents of P. quinquefolius stems had extremely significant changes in different growth years(P = 0. 000 0 0. 01),which were in the order of two-year-old stems(30. 818 mg /g) one-year-old stems(28. 172 mg /g) three-year-old stems(26. 642 mg /g) four-year-old stems(24.89 mg/g) five-year-old stems(19.492 mg/g). Total polysaccharides contents of P. quinquefolius stems also had extremely significant changes in different harvest periods(P = 0. 000 0 0. 01),which were in the order of June July August May September. Content of total polysaccharides had little correlation with the dry rate. Therefore,the content of total polysaccharides could not be judged by the dry rate of the stems of P. quinquefolius. [Conclusions]The stem yield and polysaccharides content of P. quinquefolius were both at a relatively high level. Therefore,it was suggested that the stems of P. quinquefolius could be used as the extraction raw materials of total polysaccharides,considering from the angle of comprehensive utilization of P. quinquefolius.     

The Plant Morphology and Total Polysaccharides Content in the Leaves of Panax quinquefolius L. Grown in Canada

[Objective] To research on the changes of total polysaccharides content and plant morphology in the 1- to 5-year-old leaves of Panax quinquefolius L.,which were harvested from May to September in Canada.[Methods]Plant morphological characteristics( length,diameter,dry weight and fresh weight) of the leaves of P. quinquefolius with different growth years in different harvest periods were detected; and the drying rate was calculated. Total polysaccharides content in the leaves of P. quinquefolius was detected by UV spectrophotometry. [Results]The dry rates of P. quinquefolius stems with different growth years had no significant differences( P = 0. 278 8 0. 05) with two-year-old leaves( 0. 394) one-year-old leaves( 0. 372) five-year-old leaves( 0. 30) three-year-old leaves( 0. 27) four-year-old leaves( 0. 26).Drying rates of P. quinquefolius leaves in different harvest periods showed significant differences( P = 0. 028 9 0. 05). According to the mean values,it could be concluded that July( 0. 452) May( 0. 348) June( 0. 274) September( 0. 26) August( 0. 248). The total polysaccharides content of P. quinquefolius leaves had extremely significant changes in different growth years( P = 0. 000 0 0. 01) with two-yearold leaves( 16. 678 mg / g) three-year-old leaves( 15. 154 mg / g) four-year-old leaves( 14. 559 mg / g) one-year-old leaves( 13. 497 mg / g) five-year-old leaves( 11. 929 mg / g). Total polysaccharides contents of P. quinquefolius stems also had extremely significant changes in different harvest periods( P = 0. 000 0 0. 01) with June July August May September.[Conclusions]In the leaves of P. quinquefolius,content of total polysaccharides had little correlation with the drying rate. Therefore,the content of total polysaccharides could not be judged by the drying rate of the leaves of P. quinquefolius. Total polysaccharides contents in one-to five-year-old P. quinquefolius leaves firstly enhanced and then decreased from May to September,and were the relatively high in June. Two-year-old P. quinquefolius leaves had the maximum content of average total polysaccharides. According to the previous researches,the average contents of total polysaccharides in P. quinquefolius roots,stems and leaves were 8. 4%,2. 6% and 1. 5%,respectively. The sum of total polysaccharides contents in P. quinquefolius stems and leaves was 4. 1%,which was only 1 /2 of the total polysaccharides content in roots. Stems of P. quinquefolius were usually abandoned during the harvest of RADIX PANACIS QUINQUEFOLII in Ontario of Canada. Therefore,it was suggested that the stems( aboveground parts) of P. quinquefolius could be used as the raw materials for the extraction of total polysaccharides.     

苜蓿多糖对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖和NK细胞活性影响的研究

为了探讨苜蓿多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响,从苜蓿中提取苜蓿多糖,通过体外苜蓿多糖对淋巴细胞增殖和NK细胞活性影响的研究,初步确定其免疫调节活性。采用MTT法,检测苜蓿多糖对正常Balb/c小鼠体外脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响和NK细胞对K562细胞杀伤活性的影响。结果表明：苜蓿多糖可以单一激活促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖,可以协同ConA刺激T细胞增殖,或协同LPS刺激B细胞增殖,提示苜蓿多糖能够调节机体的细胞免疫和体液免疫功能;苜蓿多糖可以显著地增强NK细胞对K562靶细胞的杀伤活性,提示苜蓿多糖能显著地增强机体非特异性免疫功能。因此,说明苜蓿多糖具有很好的免疫调节效果。     

高质量的滇重楼胚总RNA的提取方法研究及LD_PCR检测

探讨一种有效提取滇重楼胚总RNA方法。以滇重楼的胚为实验材料,将常规的SDS提取植物总RNA的方法做了改进：在RNA提取缓冲液中加入SDS的步骤上进行了调整,结合异丙醇和醋酸钠室温沉淀能更有效的去除多糖;醋酸-醋酸钠的缓冲体系维持提取液较低pH值,有效抑制RNA酶活性;将SDS的浓度提高到5%并且结合酸酚/氯仿抽提去除蛋白质污染,首次建立了一种简单有效的从滇重楼胚中提取总RNA的方法。该方法所提RNA的A260/A230均大于2.0,A260/A280的值为1.8~2.0,电泳条带清晰,RNA完整性好。利用该方法提取的滇重楼幼胚总RNA具有很高的纯度和质量,可以满足后续LD-PCR及文库构建等分子生物学研究。