一例雏鸡传染性支气管炎的诊治

随着我国畜牧养殖业的发展,蛋鸡与肉鸡的养殖逐渐形成规模化集约化,其中,蛋鸡的养殖数量越来越多,在养殖蛋鸡的过程中,由于养殖户对蛋鸡相关传染病防治观念淡薄,导致了蛋鸡的一些常见传染性疾病发生与流行.雏鸡是发展蛋鸡群的基础,在雏鸡的过程中,雏鸡的呼吸道病成为了蛋雏鸡羊养殖过程中常见疾病.雏鸡的呼吸道病感染率和死亡率均较高,尤其是传染性支气管炎,给我国的养鸡业造成了严重的影响.因此,本文通过病死雏鸡的发病情况、临床症状、病理组织学剖检变化、实验室综合检查等,病死的雏鸡被确诊为传染性支气管炎,并对雏鸡支气管炎的防治进行了综述,对雏鸡传染性支气管炎炎病的防治提供指导意义.     

肉雏鸡死亡的原因及预防措施

肉用雏鸡相对生长发育较快，对营养的要求比较高，对不良环境和疾病的抵抗能力弱，如管理措施不当，常因疾病和其他原因而死亡。 1 急性传染性疾病 大群密闭饲养的雏鸡，稍不注意就容易患病，尤其是马立克氏病、新城疫、传染性囊病和传染性支气管炎等疾病。这些传染病一旦发生，就很难控制，将会导致整个鸡群乃至鸡场的毁灭性损失。     

传染性法氏囊病疫苗免疫雏鸡外周血液的免疫学变化

传染性法氏囊病是由传染性法氏囊病毒(IBDV)引起的一种急性、高度接触性传染病。本病主要侵害雏鸡体液免疫中枢器官——法氏囊,诱导免疫缺陷,引起免疫抑制,使雏鸡继发其他多种疾病且疫苗接种的反应性下降。免疫接种是预防和控制IBD的最有效途径。试验应用传染性法氏囊病中等毒力活疫苗免疫1周龄的SPF雏鸡,观察其免疫功能的动态变     

雏鸡传染性贫血症

<正> 我们常说的贫血症是指因失血过多,寄生虫寄生引起的营养缺乏,慢性病,中毒病,放射元素和癌症引起的一种非特异性疾病。病毒和别的传染性病原体一样会引起马、狗、猫和人的贫血症,但类细小病毒和反转病毒则会引起雏鸡贫血症。最近,人们一致认为类细小病毒是引起雏鸡传染性贫血     

浅析雏鸡白痢的诊断与防治

白痢病是雏鸡阶段发生流行率相对较高的一种细菌性传染性疾病,致病原为致病性的沙门氏菌,对1～30日龄的雏鸡造成的危害较为严重,如果得不到有效的控制,不仅会威胁到雏鸡的健康生长发育,使得雏鸡的死亡率显著升高,而且会周期性的出现鸡白痢病,威胁到家禽养殖安全。所以作为基层地区的养殖管理人员,应该注重做好雏鸡白痢病的流行病学调查,要掌握该种疾病的发生流行现状,做到针对性的诊断以及防治,以此来提高防治成效,将雏鸡白痢病的发生流行率降低到最低程度。     

雏鸡发生传染性法氏囊病并继发感染沙门氏菌病和球虫病的诊断

2007年某鸡场23日龄肉雏鸡发生以排白色、绿色和红色稀粪,羽毛蓬乱为特征的传染性疾病.在整个疫病流行期间,累计死亡雏鸡1 400余只,死亡率约为35%.通过流行病学、剖检病变及实验室检验,诊断为传染性法氏囊病并继发沙门氏菌病、球虫病.     

雏鸡绿脓杆菌病的诊断与防治

绿脓杆菌病是由绿脓杆菌引起的传染性疾病。绿脓杆菌属于假单胞菌属,是一种能运动的革兰氏阴性杆菌,单在、成双,有时呈短链。最近我单位接到1例雏鸡死亡病料,经实验室检测,诊断为绿脓杆菌病。因此,提醒广大养鸡户,孵化场     

农村散养鸡传染性法氏囊病的防制

在我镇广大农村,家家户户散养鸡几十只到几百只不等,由于对鸡传染性法氏囊病防疫不及时,每年因雏鸡患法氏囊病,给养鸡户生产造成较大损失。笔者将近几年来对农村散养雏鸡传染性法氏囊病的     

雏鸡白痢病的诊断与防治

鸡白痢是由鸡白痢沙门氏菌引起的传染性疾病,多发病于3周龄以内的雏鸡,对雏鸡的生长发育及其成活率危害很大。因此,采取有效的措施进行积极的预防和对发病鸡进行及时的治疗,是十分必要的。1流行特点各品种的雏鸡对白痢病都有易感性,在3周龄以前发病率和死亡率都很高,病程有时可     

传染性法氏囊病病毒对法氏囊生长发育的影响

本试验运用传染性法氏囊病病毒变异 Ｅ 株,通过泄殖腔和鼻腔接种 １,８,１５,３０ 日龄雏鸡,通过尿囊腔接种８, １３,１８ 日龄鸡胚,全面而系统地观察了接毒后不同时间法氏囊的组织形态学变化,探讨了传染性法氏囊病病毒对胚胎发育时期和雏鸡发育时期法氏囊生长发育的影响。结果表明, Ｉ Ｂ Ｄ Ｖ 感染后１２～４８ ｈ,雏鸡法氏囊粘膜上皮细胞肿胀,坏死脱落,淋巴滤泡髓质部及皮质部淋巴细胞不同程度变性、坏死、排空,形成腺管样结构或囊状空泡： 接毒后７２～１４４ ｈ,法氏囊淋巴滤泡淋巴细胞坏死排空,淋巴滤泡萎缩,网状结缔组织大量增生,而胚胎发育时期,法氏囊粘膜上皮肿胀变性,法氏囊淋巴滤泡形成延迟或不完整,淋巴滤泡内淋巴细胞缺乏或空虚,说明传染性法氏囊病病毒变异 Ｅ 株对法氏囊造成严重的组织学危害,从而导致法氏囊生长发育阻滞,组织学形态和结构严重受损。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.