张家川县人畜共患寄生虫调查

采用蠕虫学完全剖检法、诊断性驱虫、粪检、体表病料检查、血片镜检、间接血凝反应等多种方法，从马、驴、黄牛、牦牛、山羊、猪、犬、猫、鸡、兔等11种动物中查出人畜共患寄生虫38种，隶属于7纲12目19科28属，其中吸虫3种、绦虫及绦虫蚴5种，线虫13种，蜘蛛昆虫15种，原虫2种。按寄生宿主分类，马类家畜9种，牛18种，羊21种，猪10种，犬3种，猫、鸡、兔各2种。     

贵州省毕节地区畜禽寄生虫名录

多年来通过对1006头、匹、只畜禽的蠕虫学剖检，检出本区现有畜禽寄生虫共计194种，隶属于9个纲、18个目、44个科、93个属，其中寄生于牛46种，马41种。猪21种。绵羊58种，山羊34种，鸡21种，鸭19种，鹅10种，犬8种，兔7种，并编写了毕节地区畜禽寄生虫名录，为防治工作提供了依据。     

上海市野生动植物及其栖息地保护管理现状及思考

野生生物资源及栖息地现状 野生动物资源根据历年的调查和历史献记载，上海地区分布有哺乳类40种，鸟类424种(含亚种)，爬行类32种，两栖类14种，鱼类250种。其中属于国家一级重点保护的野生动物有9种，如白头鹤、东方白鹳、中华鲟等，国家二级重点保护野生动物有62种，如黑脸琵鹭、灰鹤、小天鹅、白琵鹭、虎纹蛙、海龟等；列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)附录的有56种。     

草食家畜间人畜共患寄生虫的初步调查

剖检草食家畜４０头，其中黄牛８头，水牛１２头、绵羊１１头、山羊９头，收集体内外寄生虫，经形态学鉴定，结果检出人畜共患寄生虫８种，隶属于４纲５目７属。其中吸虫３种、线虫３种．蜘蛛昆虫２种。按寄生宿主分类，黄牛有３种、水牛有４种、绵羊有５种、山羊有６种。     

贵州省都匀市家禽寄生虫感染种类调查

为了搞清都匀市家禽寄生虫感染情况，于1999～2001年开展了家禽寄生虫种类调查。本次调查在沙色堡等15个乡镇解剖鸡、鸭、鹅各20只，镜检鸡、鸭、鹅粪便200～300份。解剖所获虫体23种，其中吸虫6种，绦虫7种，线虫2种，节肢昆虫3种，原虫5种，隶属6纲6目11科14属。粪便镜检查出寄生虫虫卵分别为鸡11种，鸭9种，鹅9种。     

渤海海峡湿地鸟类

位于胶、辽两半岛之间的渤海海峡（长山列岛）湿地，是我国东部湿地鸟类迁徙的必经“驿站”，和部分鸟类的繁殖区，湿地特点突出，鸟类资源丰富，至今尚未见报道．笔者通过１０多年的调查、搜集整理，获得了大量的一手资料，摸清了该区湿地鸟类９目，１９科，９７种（留鸟３种，夏候鸟６种，冬候鸟８种，迷鸟１种，旅鸟７９种）：国家Ⅰ、Ⅱ级保护鸟１６种；并查明不同区域湿地及鸟类分布特点；调查湿地鸟类食物链：浅海植物１１４种，浅海动物９１种，海洋鱼类２２目、亚目，７２种。     

天峻县天棚乡绵羊寄生虫区系调查

１９９５年１２月对天骏县天棚乡绵羊寄生虫进行调查，发现线虫２５种，吸虫２种，绦虫蚴２种，绦虫３种，昆虫２种，住肉孢子虫１种。单体荷虫数为１３９３条，优势虫种为祁连歇尔线虫、甘肃奥斯特线虫、住肉孢子虫，感杂率分别为１００％、８４．６％、９２．３％。     

黔东南州鸡鸭鹅寄生虫感染状况及地理分布调查

对黔东南州不同地理环境、不同饲养方法、不同气候特点的丹寨、黄平、天柱、三穗等10个县部分乡镇自繁自养鸡458只、鸭452只、鹅396只的寄生虫感染状况及地理分布作了调查，采用蠕虫学完全解剖法，系统分类学鉴定虫体，从鸡检出寄生虫种类52种，隶属于6纲11目25科36属，其中吸虫6科8属12种：绦虫4科9属14种；线虫6科9属13种；蜘蛛昆虫6科7属7种；原虫3科3属6种。从鸭中检出55种虫体，其中吸虫23种．绦虫17种、线虫10种、棘头虫3种、蜘蛛昆虫3种，隶属于5纲10目20科39属。从鹅体共检出寄生虫29种，隶属于4纲7目12科22属。其中吸虫11种，绦虫9种，线虫7种，昆虫2种。为我州开展鸡鸭鹅寄生虫病的防治提供了科学依据。     

国外呼吸系统和泌尿系统药物在犬、猫中的应用

介绍了9种呼吸系统药与9种泌尿系统药在国外犬、猫中的应用状况。包括祛痰药1种，镇咳药2种，平喘药5种，呼吸兴奋药1种，利尿药5种，脱水药1种，尿酸化剂2种和治尿石症药1种。每种药物在作用与用途、用法与用量、注意事项（包括不良反应、药物相互作用、禁忌症等）及制剂（包括兽用制剂）等方面均有较为详实的资料。     

江津市牛、羊寄生虫区系调查

为摸清江津市牛、羊寄生虫的感染情况，按寄生虫完全剖检法和粪便检查法进行寄生虫区系调查，共剖检12只水牛、12只黄牛、40只山羊。结果：检出牛感染的寄生虫28种，隶属3门5纲7目16科21属，其中吸虫12种，绦虫2种，线虫9种，蜘蛛昆虫5种；羊感染的寄生虫30种，隶属4门6纲8目17科21属，其中吸虫8种，绦虫3种，线虫8种，蜘蛛昆虫5种，原虫6种。对牛危害严重的寄生虫是肝片形吸虫、菲策吸虫、鹿前盘吸虫、捻转血矛线虫、蛇形毛形线虫、水牛痒螨；羊的优势虫种为肝片形吸虫、枝睾阔盘吸虫、鹿前后盘吸虫、细颈囊尾蚴、捻转血矛线虫、蛇形毛形线虫、阿氏艾美耳球虫、克氏艾美耳球虫、柯雅艾美耳球虫。     

华北山区草地资源及其生产力的研究

华北山区位于温带——暖温带，东经１０７°～１２３°，北纬３５°～４３°。包括山东丘陵区，太行山区，冀北辽西山地区，阴山山地区四部分。该区属于农牧业交错区，农业、牧业（农区牧业和草地牧业）、林业十分发达，并且在迅速发展。华北山区是我国小麦、玉米和杂粮的主要产区。草地类型多样，饲草料丰富，又是养牛业、养羊业、养猪业相当发达的地区。经统计，华北山区总人口为５６２９万，总土地面积３５４５万ｈａ，天然草地总面积为１５８８．９１万ｈａ，占土地总面积的４４．８２％，人均草地０．２８２３ｈａ。各个区的草地类型不同，生产力差异显著（ｐ＜０．０１）。     

三位女性之悲歌——苔丝、爱玛、安娜“自杀”原由探析

笔者认为苔丝、爱玛、安娜“自杀”主要有三个方面的原因：首先，对爱情的绝望是她们自杀的最直接原因；其次，她们自身带着沉重的罪恶感。一方面想从现实环境中逃脱出来，一方面又无法摆脱既定的社会法则；最后，她们都生活在转型时期比较混乱的社会环境中，各种社会因素交织成一张巨网，使她们围困其中而无法动弹。     

ABDOMINAL RADIOTHERAPY

Physical aspects of external beam abdominal radiotherapy are discussed. Acute, intermediate, and late radiation effects on tissue are reviewed as a basis for determining abdominal organ tolerance to therapeutic radiation. Specific tolerances of critical organs that may be affected by abdominal radiotherapy are itemized, and the manifestations of intolerance are described. Potential application of abdominal radiotherapy to veterinary medicine is proposed. Data available on management of adverse reactions to abdominal radiotherapy are summarized.     

犊牛磺胺中毒的病理形态学观察

为了解犊牛磺胺中毒的病理形态学变化特点,对2头因磺胺中毒而死亡的犊牛进行了详细的病理学研究.结果表明,犊牛磺胺中毒的病理性损伤主要发生于肾脏和肝脏.宏观检查可见,肾脏肿胀,色泽变淡,皮质增宽,肾盂有多量豆腐渣样物质.肝脏肿胀,淡橘红色,质地脆易碎.微观检查可见,近曲小管上皮细胞肿胀,核浓缩,染色不良,大量上皮细胞脱落....     

The occurrence of large branchiopod crustaceans in perennial pans: a research note

Pans are isolated, shallow depressions that are endorheic in nature. Because of the natural hydrological functioning of pans, these systems are usually restricted to arid regions and complete desiccation occurs seasonally. In the eastern provinces of South Africa many pans are perennial in nature often remaining inundated for several years. A study of the aquatic invertebrate community structure of selected perennial pans indicated that when these systems undergo complete desiccation, the communities are comparable to the communities of ephemeral ecosystems. During these periods the community displays normal succession patterns with branchiopod crustacean dominating the community structure a few weeks after inundation. These perennial ecosystems are comparable to similar habitats around the world but are under increasing threat due to an increase in mining and agricultural activities within the study area.     

A Survey of Pig Production Systems in the Rain Forest of the Pacific Coast of Colombia

A questionnaire-based survey was conducted in small-scale pig farms in the rain forest of the Colombian Pacific coast in order to study aspects of reproduction, nutrition and productivity. A total of 124 farmers was interviewed. They owned, on average, 13.6 pigs, including 2.3 sows, mainly of the Zungo breed. Pigs are reared in extensive systems and are allowed to wander freely in search of food. The sows produce, on average, 9.6 piglets/litter but, owing to poor sanitary conditions, 1.5 are born dead and only 6.3 are weaned alive. Two-thirds of the sows have five litters or more and the boars are also kept for a long time. This leads to high consanguinity rates within the herd and low productivity. Diets are based on maize, banana, tubers (taro, cassava) and fruits (peach palm, among others), and are rich in energy but poor in protein and minerals. The lack of protein and mineral sources appears to be the main limiting factor of these extensive production systems. Tree forages could partially solve the problem but are used by only 2% of the farmers. It is concluded that decreasing inbreeding, better piglet management and provision of balanced diets are areas that require immediate improvement.     

Nutrition, key factor to reduce environmental load from pig production

In different parts of Europe animal production is highly concentrated. Pig production generally is the main animal production activity in these areas. Main concerns of these large numbers of pigs are the amount of surplus nutrients in excreta and gaseous losses to the environment. Main nutrients of concern are N, P, and heavy metals and main gaseous losses of concern are ammonia, odour, and methane. Although losses are inevitable to a certain extent, nutrition seems to be a key factor in reducing these losses. Main nutritional strategies to reduce N and P excretions from pigs are: phase feeding (N, P), supplementation of limiting amino acids to the diet (N), and addition of phytase to the diet (P). Nutritional strategies to reduce heavy metals excretions from pigs are: finding alternative, natural, growth promoters that could replace Cu and Zn in the diet; using feedstuffs for the diet that are less contaminated with Cd. Main strategies to reduce ammonia emissions are: 1) lowering crude protein intake in combination with addition of limiting amino acids; 2) Shifting nitrogen excretion from urine to faeces by including fermentable carbohydrates in the diet; 3) lowering pH of urine by adding acidifying salts to the diet; 4) lowering the pH of faeces by inclusion of fermentable carbohydrates in the diet. These strategies proved to be independent from each other and effects are additive. By combining these strategies a total reduction of ammonia emission in growing-finishing pigs of 70% could be reached. Strategies to reduce odour emission are: 1) reducing protein fermentation by balancing available protein and fermentable carbohydrates in the large intestine; 2) Minimizing breakdown of absorbed sulphur amino acids. More studies are needed in this area of research, but results until now are very promising. A clear relationship exists between fermentable carbohydrates in the diet and methane emissions. This disadvantage should be considered when tackling ammonia emission by this strategy. It is concluded that there is a large potential to reduce environmental load within pig dense areas by nutritional means.     

Mitochondria as promising targets for nutritional interventions aiming to improve performance and longevity of sows

Genetic selection and management changes during the last decades have significantly increased the average litter size of sows. However, this recent success has not correlated with an extension of longevity and reduction in replacement rate. Longevity or lifetime production of sows is determined by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Nutrition is an environmental factor of importance, and it has long been appreciated that animals fed with specific diets may perform differently. The advent of modern science revealed that this is partly due to the ability of nutrients to act as signalling molecules that, through appropriate intracellular sensing mechanisms, can control gene expression and modulate cell functions. Based on this concept, nutrigenomics studies now aim to show that not only are certain nutrients essential for general health, but also that specific quantities of precise nutrients are necessary during critical periods of energy deficiency and oxidative stress such as gestation and lactation to ensure long‐term productivity. The toxic molecules at the origin of oxidative stress, free radicals, are mainly generated as normal by‐products of aerobic energy production by mitochondria. In all cells, mitochondria are dynamic organelles that are mainly known as the primary energy‐generating system. Thus, when metabolic demands are elevated as it is for hyperprolific sows, mitochondria are heavily solicited for answering all energetic needs, and substantive amounts of free radicals are generated. As a result, optimal conditions in term of antioxidant protection and metabolic substrates availability are required to support mitochondrial function in these animals. This article discusses how performance and longevity of sows are linked to mitochondrial function and oxidative stress and reviews the major natural nutrients known for their antioxidant and/or energetic properties that are susceptible to impact mitochondria and likely improved sows productivity.