寒地水稻移栽田防治稗草分期施药技术研究

针对常规寒地水稻移栽田前期除稗剂多采用一次性施药,药效和安全性差的问题,通过对寒地水稻移栽田稗草的防治采取插前5～7 d、插后15～20 d分期施药试验研究,结果表明：分期施药对稗草防治效果好,提高了对水稻的安全性。     

克草胺防治稻田稗草试验研究

2002年～2003年进行了克草胺防治稻田稗草的效果及对水稻安全性田间小区试验,结果表明,47%克草胺EC可有效地防除移栽稻田稗草,对水稻较为安全。适宜的施药剂量为75～100m l/667m 2。施药适期为水稻移栽后5～7d稗草1.5叶期。如需防除阔叶杂草,克草胺可与农得时等阔叶除草剂混用。     

克草胺防治稻田稗草试验研究

2002年～2003年进行了克草胺防治稻田稗草的效果及对水稻安全性田间小区试验，结果表明，47％克草胺EC可有效地防除移栽稻田稗草，对水稻较为安全。适宜的施药剂量为75～100ml/667m^2。施药适期为水稻移栽后5～7d稗草1．5叶期。如需防除阔叶杂草，克草胺可与农得时等阔叶除草剂混用。     

黑龙江省垦区移栽稻田杂草防除策略

黑龙江垦区地处中国东北边陲 ,水稻生育主要受延迟性低温和早霜影响 ,农时至关重要 ,除草剂安全性影响水稻产量、品质和经济效益 ,在除草剂的选择上应首先把安全性放在首位。垦区水田稗草 (Echinochloacrusgalli)、多年生莎草科的扁秆藨草 (Scirpusplaniculmis)、日本藨草 (Scirpusnipponocum)等发生早且发生时期长 ,经多年试验及生产实践 ,防治稗草插后早期使用的莎稗磷 (anilofos)、苯噻草胺 (mefenacet)、环庚草醚 (cinmethylin)、丙草胺(pretilachlor)、稻思达 (oxadiargyl)、杀草丹 (thiobencarb)等 ,于水稻插前 3～ 7d ,插后 15～ 2 0d分期施药 ,药效稳定 ,对水稻安全 ;防治扁秆藨草、日本藨草使用吡嘧磺隆 (pyrazosulfuron ethyl)、苄嘧磺隆 (bensulfuron methyl)、环胺磺隆 (cyclosulfamuron)、醚磺隆 (cinosulfuron)、乙氧磺隆 (ethoxysulfuron) ,插前和插后分期施药 ,药效稳定。根据稻田杂草群落选择适宜的混配除草剂品种可获得好的除草效果和经济效益     

25%双环磺草酮悬浮剂防除水稻移栽田一年生杂草药效试验

采用不同剂量对比试验,研究25%双环磺草酮悬浮剂对水稻移栽田一年生禾本科杂草(稗草)、阔叶杂草(慈姑、雨久花)、莎草科杂草(三棱草、水葱)的防除效果。结果表明:25%双环磺草酮悬浮剂用量以50～60 ml/667 m2为宜,于移栽后7 d水稻缓苗后稗草1.5叶前采用茎叶喷雾法均匀施药,可有效防除杂草,且对水稻生长无不良影响。     

黑龙江省垦区移栽稻田杂草防除策略

黑龙江垦区地处中国东北边陲，水稻生育主要受延迟性低温和早霜影响，农时至关重要，除草剂安全影响水稻产量，品质和经济效益，在除草剂的选择上应首先把安全性放在首位。垦区水田稗草（Ecirpus nipponocum）等发生早且发生时期长，经多年试验及生产实践，防治稗草插后早期使用的莎稗磷（anilofos）、苯噻草胺（mefenacet）、环庚草醚（cinmethylin）、丙草胺(pretilachlor）、稻思达(oxadiargyl）、杀草丹（thiobencarb）等，于水稻插前3-7d，插后15-20d分期施药，药效稳定，对水稻安全；防治扁秆lu草、日本lu草使用吡嘧磺隆（pyrazosulfuron-ethyl）、苄嘧磺隆（bensulfruon-methly）、环胺磺隆（cyclosulfamuron）、醚磺隆（cinosulfuron）、乙氧磺隆（ethoxysulfuron），插前和插后分期施药，药效稳定。根据稻田杂草群落选择适宜的混配除草剂品种可获得好的除草效果和经济效益。     

21%五氟磺草胺·氯氟吡氧乙酸稻田试验田间药效试验报告

试验21%五氟磺草胺·氯氟吡氧乙酸对稗草与野慈姑、泽泻等的防效及对水稻生长的安全性,结果表明:21%五氟磺草胺·氯氟吡氧乙酸在水稻插秧后7 d施用,水稻生长正常,无药害状,安全性非常好;用量以100 g/667 m~2为宜,于移栽后7 d水稻缓苗后喷雾法均匀施药。     

嘧草醚不同剂型对水稻移栽田稗草的防效及安全性试验

嘧草醚是防除水稻移栽田稗草的除草剂,为了验证不同剂型对其防效及安全性的影响,特进行田间药效试验.结果表明,嘧草醚不同剂型对水稻均安全,且对稗草的防效没有明显差异.     

30%必宁特防除稻田杂草试验报告

试验结果表明:30%必宁特可湿性粉剂(WP)900～1050g/hm2,于水稻插后7d,采用药肥法施药,水层3～5cm,保水5～7d,对稗草、牛毛草、泽泻、野慈姑防效好,对三棱草有一定防效,对匐茎剪股颖防效差,对水稻安全。     

40%苄·丙可湿性粉剂防除水稻移栽田杂草试验初报

为验证40%苄.丙可湿性粉剂对水稻移栽田禾本科杂草、阔叶杂草及莎草科杂草的防除效果及安全性进行试验。结果表明:40%苄.丙可湿性粉剂能有效防除水稻移栽田的稗草、狼巴草、野慈菇、三棱草,株防效为84.3%~97.7%,鲜重防效为85.8%~99.1%,在试验剂量范围内对水稻安全。     

8种稗草(Echinochloa）对扫茀特耐药性的比较

2001年10月采集南京地区8种稗草（Echinochloa）种子,分别用0、0.01、0.10、1.00、10.00 mg/L扫茀特浸稗草种子,萌发后测定其形态、结构及α 淀粉酶活性。结果表明,无芒稗的株高、叶片及叶鞘细胞的长度、α 淀粉酶活性受扫茀特抑制的程度最低,旱稗、稗、西来稗次之,光头稗最高。说明不同稗草的种及变种间存在耐药性的差异,其中无芒稗的耐药性最强,光头稗最弱。关键词:     

Preliminary study on three pathogens with potential biological control in Barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus galli)

More than 10 species of pathogenic fungi were isolated from the naturally infected leaves of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in paddy. After preliminary bioassaying, it was found that the Alternaria alternata (Fr.) keissler(AA), Exserohilum monoceras (EM),and "99-10" were three potential agents for biological control of barnyard grass.     

耐黄腐酸水稻品种筛选及其生理响应

前期研究发现,在淹水条件下黄腐酸能显著抑制稗草生长,具有防控水田稗草的潜力,而评估黄腐酸对水稻的安全性是利用其进行稻田稗草防治的重要前提,因此,对水稻安全性进行系统测评具有重要意义.本研究在模拟田间淹水条件下加入0.8 g/L黄腐酸溶液处理24个水稻品种幼苗,测定其株高、根长和株鲜重的抑制率,筛选出耐黄腐酸水稻品种并对...     

Assessment of allelopathic potential of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) on rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars

Laboratory, greenhouse and field studies were conducted to assess the allelopathic potential of 44 rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) on barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli P. Beauv. var. oryzicola Ohwi). Rice cultivars exhibited marked differences in the inhibition of barnyard grass growth and development. In the laboratory, Gin shun rice cultivar extracts exhibited the greatest activity on the weed seedling growth, reducing dry weight by 61%, while Kasarwala mundara cultivar extracts exhibited the greatest activity on seed germination, reducing germination by 23% and germination speed by 46%. In a greenhouse study of a residue mixture, the Philippine 2 cultivar showed the greatest inhibition percentage on seedling emergence (57%), total seedling length (74%) and dry weight (73%). In the field study, the Juma 10 cultivar demonstrated the most inhibitory effect by reducing barnyard grass tiller number (80%), leaf area (49%) and leaf (61%) and stem (74%) dry weight (68%). These results suggest that there are differences among the varieties for allelopathic inhibition of barnyard grass, and that the development of barnyard grass suppressive rice cultivars that have greater allelopathic potential may be possible.     

不同药剂防治水稻插秧田杂草试验总结

通过对施用不同药剂配方防治水稻插秧田杂草的对比试验研究,结果表明:3个处理药剂和对照药剂对水稻生产安全、无药害表现,对稗草、泽泻、狼巴草、慈菇防效在91.1%～100%,增产12.07%～15.17%,可在生产中推广应用。     

稻鸭共栖试验研究

通过稻鸭共栖种养结合模式和常规种稻对比试验研究,结果表明:稻鸭共栖中鸭子除了对矮慈姑和稻稗的防效很差外,对其他几种杂草的防效均和化学防治区相近;鸭子在田间活动能显著降低害虫基数并减轻危害程度;稻鸭共栖处理的水稻稻米品质好而且稻田鸭瘦肉率高,价格偏高。稻鸭共作可获得净利1 106元/667 m2,比常规稻作550元/667 m2高556元/667 m2。     

一次性安全除草剂剂量的优化及除草效果研究

试验比较了几种除草剂不同剂量的除草效果。结果表明,施药后45 d,葱封200 mL/667 m²处理（T4）、葱封160 mL/667 m²处理（T3）的鲜质量防效分别为99.99%为99.29%;T3处理的产量为640.31 kg/667 m²,较常规对照（机插前5~7 d每667 m²施秋之宝125 mL、西草净80 mL,机插后15 d每667 m²施马歇特125 mL、西草净50 mL）高29.12 kg/667 m²;T3处理的效益较常规对照高32.51元/667 m²,其余处理均比常规对照低;T3处理的糙米率、整精米率分别为83.3%和76.2%,其中,整精米率较常规对照高1.0个百分点。     

Effects of alfalfa leaf extracts and phenolic allelochemicals on early seedling growth and root morphology of alfalfa and barnyard grass

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants contain water-soluble substances that are autotoxic as well as allelopathic to other plants. Laboratory experimentation through a petri dish assay with imbibed seeds was conducted to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of alfalfa cv. “Vernal” leaf extracts, coumarin, trans-cinnamic acid, o-coumaric acid, and hydro-cinnamic acid on the seedling growth and anatomical responses of 6 day-old alfalfa and barnyard grass. With increasing concentration, the alfalfa leaf extracts significantly reduced root lengths of alfalfa and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli, Beauv. var. oryzicola Ohwi). Coumarin, trans-cinnamic acid, o-coumaric acid, and hydro-cinnamic acid at 10⁻⁴ M significantly reduced root lengths of alfalfa and barnyard grass. The root systems, especially root tips of alfalfa, were stunted and swollen by the aqueous alfalfa leaf extracts at 30 g l⁻¹ and coumarin at 10⁻³ M. This research suggests that alfalfa plant extracts significantly affected root growth and morphological differentiation of susceptible plants, resulting in reduction of their biomass in the presence of either autotoxic or allelopathic compounds. The results may have value in enabling weed control based on natural plant extracts.