广东石门台自然保护区大型真菌多样性研究（I）

2007年至2008年,调查了石门台自然保护区大型真菌多样性,采集和鉴定真菌标本200余份,初步研究发现该地区共有大型真菌121种, 其中子囊菌门(Ascomycota)7科10属16种,担子菌门(Basidiomycota)26科59属105种。本文依据Kirk(2008)年分类系统[1]编写了该自然保护区的大型真菌名录,并对其资源情况进行了初步评价。     

广东石门台自然保护区大型真菌多样性研究（Ⅰ）

2007-2008年调查了石门台自然保护区大型真菌多样性,采集和鉴定真菌标本200余份,初步研究发现该地区共有大型真菌121种,其中子囊菌门（Ascomycota）7科10属16种,担子菌门（Basid iomyco-ta）26科59属105种。依据K irk（2008）年分类系统编写了该自然保护区的大型真菌名录,并对其资源情况进行了初步评价。     

呼中自然保护区大型真菌资源研究

为了探明呼中自然保护区野生大型真菌的资源现状,为有效、持续地利用和保护提供依据,2007-2008年笔者对呼中自然保护区的野生大型真菌资源进行了调查,初步鉴定出呼中自然保护区的野生大型真菌411种隶属7目31科,其中食用菌100多种,药用真菌50多种。     

江西武夷山自然保护区大型真菌调查初报

江西省武夷山自然保护区是江西省的国家级自然保护区,是亚热带海洋气候与内陆气候的过渡地区,物种多样性极为丰富.此次报道自然保护区内部分地区大型真菌的初步调查结果.采用目前国内外普遍使用的Ainsworth(1973)的分类系统进行分类.本次调查采集了200多份大型真菌标本,经鉴定.这些真菌隶属于担子菌亚门16科,共44种.     

民勤连古城国家级自然保护区大型野生真菌调查初报

通过对民勤连古城国家级自然保护区分布的大型野生真菌资源进行调查。结果表明:经初步鉴定,该保护区分布大型真菌有6目8科13属18种,以柄灰包科种类分布最多,有7种;其次为伞菌科,有3种;多孔菌科和鬼伞科各2种;其余种类有白蘑科、粪锈伞科、灰锤科、鸟巢菌科等各1种,为该保护区系统研究、有效保护野生真菌资源提供了科学依据。     

内蒙古罕山自然保护区大型真菌资源的初步调查

文章通过野外调查,共采集大型真菌子实体100余种,记录大型真菌子实体的生态习性及生境特点,并对采集子实体进行种类鉴定。经初步鉴定,内蒙古罕山自然保护区共有大型真菌9科29种。这为保护区大型真菌资源的开发利用提供了一定的理论依据。     

将石自然保护区大型真菌资源初探

在较为全面的野外调查基础上,结合调查访问和查阅历史资料,对福建邵武将石自然保护区大型真菌资源现状及其开发利用进行了初步研究。结果表明,将石自然保护区内大型真菌属于我国华中和华南的真菌区系,共有12目41科86属170种,常见的经济真菌有5个科7个种,具有较高的开发价值。     

甘肃插岗梁省级自然保护区大型真菌资源调查

调查了甘肃插岗梁省级自然保护区分布的大型野生真菌资源。经初步鉴定,该保护区分布大型真菌有2个亚门48科100属187种。其中：子囊菌亚门真菌有11科22属35种;担子菌亚门有37科78属152种。保护区内食用菌种类有109种,占保护区大型真菌总数的58.3%,资源开发利用潜力较大。从致病和共生两个方面,简要分析了保护区大型野生真菌的生态作用。     

朝阳市野生大型真菌调查报告

通过对朝阳市野生大型真菌资源调查,初步鉴定为3纲8目28科57属98种。其中食用真菌42种,药用真菌58种,有毒菇类5种。为更加系统地研究、更为有效地保护和合理开发利用野生大型真菌资源提供科学依据。     

云南铜壁关自然保护区高等植物真菌初步调查报告

报道了云南铜壁关自然保护区高等植物真菌的部分种类，共记载了９０种真菌。其中锈菌９种，鉴定到种６种，到属３种；子囊菌２７种，鉴定到种７种，到属２０种；半知菌５０种，鉴定到种３９种，到属１１种；完全菌４种。研究结果表明，自然保护区真菌资源的蕴藏极为丰富，大量的物种国内都缺乏记载，一方面显示了我国微生物多样性研究的巨大潜力，另一方面也表明了发展本学科的工作任重而道远。     

Ecology of wood‐inhabiting fungi in northern forests of Iran

Wood‐decay fungi are important in forest ecosystems and play an important role in nutrient and carbon recycling. The scope of this research was to identify wood‐inhabiting and wood‐decay macrofungi and determine their ecology. We sampled standing trees and dead wood of oak and hornbeam in the northern forests of Iran, specifically in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. We assessed the influence of field slope, elevation, site direction and the height of fungal sporocarp position on the tree. The species of wood‐inhabiting and wood‐decay fungi belonged to 11 families: Polyporaceae; Stereaceae; Ganodermataceae; Physalacriaceae; Agaricaceae; Xylariaceae; Pluteaceae; Coprinaceae; Strophariaceae; Pleurotaceae; and Hydnaceae. The most common fungal species identified belonged to the Polyporaceae and Ganodermataceae and predominantly grew on trees growing on a slope of 20%, at an altitude of 700–900 m, 0–3 m from the ground a southwesterly site direction and the northern sides of both tree species. These results indicated that field slope was the most important factor in determining fungal sporocarp abundance.     

桉树主要真菌性病害研究进展

桉树（Eucalyptus spp.）是我国南方重要的速生丰产林树种之一,在营林生产过程均会遭受各种病害的危害,其中以真菌性病害为多,主要有茎腐病、灰霉病、焦枯病、紫斑病、叶斑病、枝枯病、溃疡病等,严重影响桉树正常生长.对这几种病害的分布与危害、发病症状、病原、发病规律和综合防治方面进行了综述.     

决定森林群落优势物种种数的因素

本研究基于已发表的关于群落优势度的数据进行了全球尺度与演替序列上群落优势度差异进行了分析,并依据本文提出的资源有效性假说对其进行了解释,即有效资源的分布决定了群落的优势度格局。结果表明,全球尺度上各纬度带森林顶级群落的优势度各不相同,从寒带、温带森林的单物种占优势变化至热带森林的多物种共优势,甚至没有明显的优势物种。这与全球资源的分布格局是一致的。同样,群落在演替序列上的群落优势度也表现出一定的规律,在热带森林群落,演替序列上的物种优势从演替初始的单物种占优势逐渐变成演替后期的多物种共优势,甚至无优势种。这是由于演替序列上不断变化的有效资源所决定的。然而,与热带森林群落相反,温带或寒带森林群落经常是由单物种占优势。这是由于低的有效资源,特别是低的有效水分与温度决定的。这种表现在寒带森林中尤为明显,低的温度会极大地减少水分与养分的有效性,是造成单物种占优势的原因。另外,基于群落优势度会随着物种多样性的增加而下降的现象,我们可以得出这样的结论,较高的有效资源维持了群落较低的优势度。总之,有效资源越丰富,群落的优势度就越低,反之亦然。本文提出的资源有效性假说能够很好地解释全球与群落尺度上群落优势度的差异。     

Integrating wild mushrooms use into a model of sustainable management for indigenous community forests

Recently, the importance of fungal resources has been brought to the forefront due to their ecological and economical importance. There have been many efforts to record their diversity at local and regional scales. However, few studies deal with the potential value of fungi for the development of local communities, particularly in developing countries. The present study presents the results of a five-year inventory of useful mushrooms in the communal land of Ixtlan de Juarez, Oaxaca. We use the species list to analyze the real possibility of local communities incorporating these resources into a model of local development exploiting wood and non-wood forest products in the context of Smart wood certification. The model discusses three main strategies for mushroom management (diversification of forest exploitation, incorporation of soil function to forestry and fungal technology development); in each case we also discuss the viability and infrastructure necessary to implement it. We identified a total of 159 taxa of useful mushrooms and provide information on their habit, substrate, abundance and recorded use. Thirteen taxa were Ascomycetes and 146 Basidiomycetes; belonging to 42 families and 73 genera. A total of 38 taxa (23.9%) were new records for the state of Oaxaca. This is, to date, the most comprehensive list of useful mushrooms presented in Mexico. It demonstrates the huge mycological diversity of these resources present in the Juarez’ Mountain Range. A total of 113 species are edible, 38 species have direct applications in forest management, 19 species have medicinal properties, 12 are toxic and 12 species have recorded biotechnological applications. The diversity and heterogeneity of potential uses of these resources represent a challenging opportunity for local communities. Product diversification is a fundamental strategy to integrate a model of sustainable forest exploitation. We concluded that communities developing forestry activities must be aware of the functional properties of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi to include them in their own forest management plans. We also outline a set of common steps for initiating sustainable and diversified forestry practices which include: awareness-raising targeted to local authorities and forestry technicians on the ecological importance of mushrooms; illustrated catalogues on useful species accessible to all the communities, which would allow taxonomic identification for all species; local technical capacity to obtain and disseminate strains of mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi; obtaining resources to develop infrastructure to cultivate mushrooms, among many others projects.     

两种杨树树皮内生真菌多样性及优势种群动态变化

为了解健杨94(转基因抗虫杨94)、三倍体毛白杨2个杨树品种干部树皮内生真菌区系及其优势种群的季节变化情况,本研究利用组织分离法从2个杨树品种996块组织中分离内生真菌1 175株,健杨94和三倍体毛白杨分别分离612、563株.利用形态特征和分子生物学方法鉴定为15个属、35个分类单元,包括担子菌1个分类单元,子囊菌34个分类单元.2个杨树品种内生真菌优势种群包括链格孢、葡萄座腔菌、镰孢属真菌、间座壳属真菌等,其中,仅有链格孢、葡萄座腔菌和桑砖红镰孢是两品种共有的优势种群种类,而且优势种群会随季节变化而变化.在两品种的内生真菌中,链格孢、葡萄座腔菌是最为常见的优势种群.     

闽侯县森林资源现状分析与可持续发展探讨

在森林资源二类调查以及续档的基础上,通过对闽侯县森林资源现状进行分析,提出了加强林政资源管理,建立林业生态体系,调整林种、树种结构,实行分类经营以及培育后续资源等措施,以保证林业可持续发展及森林可持续经营。     

云南竹类植物分布与资源区划研究

云南是世界上木本竹子资源多样性最富集的地区之一。文章从竹类资源分布、竹种多样性及竹林类型3个方面对云南省竹类植物分布与资源区划进行了研究。根据云南省自然地理环境的巨大差异性和复杂多样化的生境条件,将云南竹类资源划分为滇中暖性中小型混合竹类区,滇东、滇东南热性大型丛生竹区,滇东北暖性中小型散生竹类区,滇南热性大型丛生竹类区,滇西、滇西南热性大型丛生竹类区,滇西、滇西北寒温性小型混生竹类区等6个区;分别论述了各分区地理位置、竹类植物区系特征等。此外,文章初步总结了云南省竹亚科植物资源,截至2017年底共记载竹种41属389种。依据竹类植物分布区气候特点,将云南省竹林分为热性竹林、暖性竹林、寒温性竹林3个植被亚型以及41个竹林类型。     

上杭县森林资源现状调查及质量效益分析

福建省上杭县是个典型的"八山一水一分田"的山区县,是我国南方重点林业县,森林覆盖率达77.38%,位居福建省乃至全国前列。根据杭县编制的(2016～2025年)的森林经营规划前期外业调查和后期内业资料数据整理,对该县的森林资源现状进行概述,并从林地面积、森林蓄积量、林种、树种结构等方面进行切合实际的分析,以便为科学制订上杭县在提高森林资源质量效益和林业可持续发展规划上提供决策参考。     

A continuum of dead wood with various habitat elements maintains the diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi in an old-growth boreal forest

Evidence on habitat associations of threatened wood-inhabiting species in boreal forests may contribute to a better understanding of their ecology and conservation needs. We examined the diversity of wood-inhabiting fungal communities in an old-growth boreal forest with high substrate availability and continuity based on repeated surveys of fruit bodies. The number of species in morphological and functional groups in relation to coarse woody debris (CWD) attributes was estimated with generalized linear models. Additionally, we calculated species interaction networks of CWD attributes and fungal species. The composition of fungal communities was analysed using a non-metric multidimensional scaling with subsequent environmental fitting. Old conifer (especially spruce) logs and large aspen logs with branches represented the most important substrates for the red-listed species and the indicator species of old-growth boreal forests. Among “dynamic” CWD attributes such as time since tree death, decay class and stage of epixylic succession, the latter was the most important indicator of diversity of all species and their morphological and functional groups. The interaction network provided evidence of the importance of tree species diversity for fungal diversity. The composition of fungal communities was tree species specific and related to dynamic attributes, bark cover and diameter of logs. Our results suggest the importance of a continuum of dead wood from different tree species with a variety of niches such as branches, exposed wood, fragmented and complete cover of bark and patches of epixylic vegetation to maintain the assemblages of wood-inhabiting fungi in an old-growth boreal forest.