Present status of rinderpest diseases in pakistan

All animal diseases have the potential to affect human lives adversely by reducing the quantity and/or quality of food (meat, milk, etc.), secondary livestock products (hides, skins and fibres) and animal power (traction and transport). The importance of the livestock sector is growing more rapidly than any other agricultural sector in Pakistan. In the past, livestock production in Pakistan has been affected because of transboundary animal diseases like rinderpest, foot and mouth disease and peste des petits ruminants disease, posing a serious threat to the livestock industry in Pakistan. The continuing persistence of rinderpest has been of grave concern for the entire region including Pakistan. The export of livestock products managed to retain its growth with relaxation of restrictions imposed by the Gulf states in the year 2001 only. Pakistan has been provisionally declared a rinderpest free country in 2003, as a result of a vigorous eradication programme.     

Bioterrorism and infectious animal diseases

After a brief historical introduction, the authors describe a list of pathogens likely to be used by bioterrorists to adversely affect animal health and production, and eventually human health in case of zoonotic agents. The selection criteria for these numerous pathogens as well as the means available for their procurement, manipulation and dispersal are discussed. The potential consequences of this bioterrorism are evaluated mainly in economic terms. The authors conclude that the threat of bioterrorism is serious and suggest appropriate measures to prevent it or to limit its consequences.     

Reportable animal diseases in the United States

Timely reporting of animal diseases is fundamental to the detection of emerging threats, rapid and effective outbreak response, and ultimately the health of both animals and humans. In the United States, each state has the authority to regulate reporting of diseases. While past research has reviewed reportable human diseases, the research on reportable animal diseases has assessed only veterinarian knowledge and understanding of law rather than identifying the actual statutes and regulation that exists. Therefore, this article reviewed the statutes, regulations, and online reportable animal disease lists from the 50 states and District of Columbia to describe the legal landscape of animal disease reporting. The findings suggest wide variation in state animal disease reporting requirements. Three hundred and forty distinct diseases, agents, and categories were identified, with only 15 diseases being listed by 40 or more states. States typically require reporting of animal diseases within 48 h. Substantial consideration needs to be given to the implications of these variations for rapid and effective animal and zoonotic disease detection and reporting in the United States, particularly in light of One Health initiatives and international obligations.     

Klotho在动物肾脏疾病中的作用机制

Klotho是一种I型单链跨膜蛋白,主要在肾脏和脑中表达,其表达产物可分为膜结合型蛋白和分泌型蛋白,在动物肾脏中两者均具有调节钙磷重吸收的作用,从而维持机体钙磷平衡。大量研究表明,Klotho在动物肾脏疾病的发生和发展过程中起着重要的调节作用。Klotho作为一种肾脏保护因子,可以保护肾细胞、加速肾再生,并进而改善肾损伤症状并且减缓肾脏疾病的发生。本文主要从Klotho在动物肾脏中的钙磷重吸收作用、与动物肾脏疾病的关系及其对动物肾脏的保护机制等方面的研究现状作一综述,旨在为动物肾脏疾病的诊断和治疗提供新靶点。     

Fusarial toxins and their role in animal diseases

Fusarial toxins are toxic metabolites produced mostly by toxigenic micromycetes of genus Fusarium. Dominant mycotoxins of this group include trichothecenes, moniliformin, zearalenone, and fumonisins. Recently, special attention has been paid to these toxins because of their harmful effects on both animals and humans. On the basis of the available literature, we review here the characteristics of major fusarial mycotoxins with an emphasis on their toxic effects on animals. The most important fusarial mycotoxins, their sources, and their pathology including clinical signs, necropsy findings, as well as changes in haematological, biochemical, and immunological indices, are addressed.     

The role of wildlife in transboundary animal diseases

This paper identifies some of the more important diseases at the wildlife-livestock interface and the role wildlife plays in disease transmission. Domestic livestock, wildlife and humans share many similar pathogens. Pathogens of wild or domestic animal origin that can cause infections in humans are known as zoonotic organisms and the converse are termed as anthroponotic organisms. Seventy-seven percent of livestock pathogens and 91% of domestic carnivore pathogens are known to infect multiple hosts, including wildlife. Understanding this group of pathogens is critical to public health safety, because they infect a wide range of hosts and are most likely to emerge as novel causes of infection in humans and domestic animals. Diseases at the wildlife-livestock interface, particularly those that are zoonotic, must be an area of focus for public health programs and surveillance for emerging infectious diseases. Additionally, understanding wildlife and their role is a vital part of understanding the epidemiology and ecology of diseases. To do this, a multi-faceted approach combining capacity building and training, wildlife disease surveillance, wildlife-livestock interface and disease ecology studies, data and information sharing and outbreak investigation are needed.     

First cases of animal diseases published in 2005

In 2003, Veterinary Quarterly started with the publication of a series of articles reviewing reports on "first cases" of animal diseases. Till now six articles have been published. They were arranged in order of animal species. Each article concerned only one species. Starting at this seventh publication, each article discusses "first cases" on more than one animal species. In this article 15 cases published in 2005 are discussed: one in birds, two in cats, three in cattle, four in dogs, two in goats, one in hares, and two in horses. Of each case a short introduction, the bibliographical data of the publication, the abstract of the author(s) (except one case) and some additional information (mainly) derived from the article are given.     

卵黄抗体及其在动物疾病防治上的应用进展

卵黄抗体是一种具有较强免疫功能的蛋白质,被广泛应用于动物疾病的预防、诊断和治疗.本文就卵黄抗体的性质、作用机理及在动物疾病防治方面的进展情况进行了综述,认为卵黄抗体具有广阔的市场开发和利用前景.