红肉蜜柚病、虫害综合防治措施

从农业防治、物理防治、生物防治、化学防治等方面,提出了红肉蜜柚病、虫害综合防治措施。     

鼎城区2012年中晚稻稻飞虱大发生的原因和防治对策探讨

2012年鼎城区中、晚稻稻飞虱大发生,其原因与迁入量大、气候条件适宜、超级稻大面积种植、天敌控制能力下降、稻飞虱抗药性增强、防治方法不当等因素有关.生产上制定了农业防治、生物防治、物理防治、化学防治等防治对策.     

浅谈茶园病虫害绿色防控技术

该文阐述了茶园病虫害的发生特点与防治现状,提出了采用农业综合防治、物理防治、生物防治、化学防治等绿色防控相关措施.     

40%氟硅唑EC对亚麻白粉病的防治效果研究

在亚麻不同生育期,用40%氟硅唑EC 8 000倍液防治亚麻白粉病5次、4次、3次、2次、1次的结果表明,防治效果随着防治次数的减少而降低;经济性状和优质原茎所占比例随着防治次数的减少而降低;原茎和种子的综合产值随着防治次数的减少而降低;防治4次的纯产值高于防治s次,纯产值从防治4次开始随着防治次数的减少而降低.因此,亚麻白粉病的最佳药剂防治时期应从快速生长期开始,在快速生长期、现蕾期、开花期、盛花期这4个时期各防治1次,就能取得很好的防治效果,达到减少防治成本,提高经济效益的目的.     

稻水象甲防治技术研究进展

介绍了对稻水象甲进行物理防治、药剂防治、生物防治等常规害虫的综合防治措施。并就防治存在的问题及研究方向做了阐述。     

温室反季节基质栽培甜椒病、虫害综合防治技术

从农业防治、物理防治、生物防治、药剂防治等方面总结了一套温室反季节基质栽培甜椒病、虫害的综合防治技术。     

设施番茄灰霉病防治技术

设施番茄生产中灰霉病发生普遍,为害严重,该文介绍了灰霉病的病原、发病症状、发病规律,并从生态防治、农业防治、药剂防治3个方面阐述了灰霉病的综合防治措施.     

青岛市花生田蛴螬发生与无公害防治研究

分析了青岛市花生蛴螬发生种类、原因及防治方法,阐述了无公害防治研究进展,包括利用化学物质预报和控制、病原微生物药剂防治以及天敌防治等方法。     

稻水象甲防治技术研究进展

介绍了对稻水象甲进行物理防治、药剂防治、生物防治等常规害虫的综合防治措施。并就防治存在的问题及研究方向做了阐述。     

水稻病虫防治一二

做好水稻病虫害防治工作,有利于水稻生产的安全进行,也有利于粮食的增产增收。对贵州铜仁地区思南县瓮溪镇水稻病虫害进行了试验性防治,介绍了示范区域稻纵卷叶螟、稻飞虱、纹枯病等水稻病虫害的发生情况,从农业综合防治、物理防治、化学防治等方面总结了适用于当地的病虫害防治方法。     

中国不同地区科技示范县大豆单产及产量相关性状的比较

分别于2010和2011年对全国18和20个省(区)的130和141个大豆科技示范县进行抽样调查,收集当地大豆生产田的单产及其相关性状数据。在此基础上,按大豆栽培区划进行分区统计,并采用多元逐步回归方法判断不同地区影响产量的关键因素。结果表明,各地区大豆的播种期因耕作制度不同和气象条件多样而存在很大差异,变化幅度大小依次为南方>西北>东北>黄淮海;东北地区大豆种植密度最高,西北、黄淮海居中,南方最低。平均单产高低依次为西北>东北>黄淮海>南方。在农艺和产量性状中,株高以东北大豆为最高,其后依次为西北、黄淮海和南方;单株荚数与单株粒数2个性状的地域差异趋势一致,2010年均依次为南方>西北>黄淮海>东北,2011年均依次为西北>南方>黄淮海>东北;黄淮海地区大豆的百粒重最高,西北次之,东北及南方则相对偏低。多元逐步回归结果表明,在东北和南方地区,影响大豆产量的首要因素为单株粒数,而在西北及黄淮海地区则为单位面积株数。文中讨论了不同主产区提高大豆单产的主攻方向。     

长春地区土壤中重金属含量及其在玉米子粒中的积累规律

对长春地区部分农田土壤及玉米中重金属含量进行调查和分析。结果表明,研究区域内土壤中Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As 8种重金属含量符合土壤环境质量标准的要求;相应地块玉米中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As 7种重金属含量符合粮食重金属元素限量要求,达到食用标准;土壤和玉米中Pb、Cd、Hg含量相关性不显著,Ni、Cr、As含量相关性显著,Cu、Zn含量相关性极显著。     

耕作方式对连作大豆生长发育及产量的影响

采用秋旋耕起垄、秋深松旋耕起垄、春旋耕起垄和春顶浆打垄4种土壤耕作方式,进行田间大区试验,以探讨土壤耕作方式对连作大豆生长发育及产量的影响。试验结果表明,秋旋耕起垄和秋深松旋耕起垄出苗率高于春旋耕起垄和春顶浆打垄,出苗率均达85%以上,秋整地大豆生育期间干重、根瘤重和叶面积指数均高于春整地,秋旋耕起垄大豆根际微生物总数最多,细菌和放线菌数量明显高于春顶浆打垄。秋季整地地下害虫——蛴螬（Holotrichia diomphalia Bates）危害率比春季整地低10%左右,春顶浆打垄危害率高达34.3%。秋整地大豆的灰斑病发生程度、籽粒紫斑粒率和虫食率均低于春整地,秋整地产量较春整地增产16%以上,从本试验可以看出黑龙江省黑土平原区秋整地对连作大豆效果更好。     

Spatial variability in the growth of direct-seeded rainfed lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) in northeast Thailand

Large within-field variation in rice growth often causes production loss in broadcast-seeded (BC) rainfed lowland rice. The spatial variability of direct-seeded rainfed lowland rice was evaluated in 2004, 2005, and 2007 in on-station experiments at Ubon Ratchathani, northeast Thailand, in relation to soil water content and weed infestation, by adopting semivariogram and block kriging, including comparisons among BC with harrowing (BCH; no weeding), BC with no harrowing (BCNH; no weeding), and row-seeded (RS; interrow weeding once) fields. BCH and BCNH were also compared in 11 farmers’ fields in 2006 and 2007, to assess the effect of harrowing on rice growth and weed infestation. During most of the rice growing periods, flooded and non-flooded portions existed simultaneously in the fields, with different proportions among years and among seeding methods in the on-station experiment. BCH and BCNH rice had large within-field variation in seedling density, heading date, shoot dry matter, grain yield, harvest index, panicle density, and filled spikelet per panicle, as well as in weed infestation, measured by a quick visual estimation. Many of the measured variables (except mean soil water content in RS in 2007, seedling density in BCH in 2005 and 2007, shoot dry matter in BCH and BCNH in 2007, and panicle density in BCH in 2007) were spatially dependent (i.e., data from nearby locations were most similar) by geostatistical analysis. Analysis of correlations using the 420 data sets of BCH plots in 2005 and BCH, BCNH, and RS plots in 2007 revealed a positive correlation between soil water content and grain yield and negative correlations between weed infestation and soil water content and grain yield. Compared with BCH, in 2007 BCNH had much lower grain yield because of lower soil water content after establishment and more weed infestation. BCH had higher grain yield than BCNH in weedy fields in the farmers’ fields experiment. RS with interrow weeding resulted in a smaller coefficient of variation, smaller sill value, and higher grain yield than BCH, due to less weed infestation and a higher proportion of flooded water. These results indicated that reducing the spatial variability in rice growth requires careful field preparation, such as harrowing to level the soil surface and to reduce the uneven distribution of standing water and the variability in soil water content, combined with effective crop and weed management (i.e., harrowing and row-seeding). This is the first study that examined spatial variability in the growth of direct-seeded rice as a function of soil water content and weed infestation in a rainfed lowland environment.     

不同月份播种对红壤甘蔗干物质与养分积累的影响

甘蔗是广西重要的经济作物.为促进甘蔗高效生产,以甘蔗品种'桂糖42号'为材料,在田间条件下,依据广西甘蔗主要播种月份,设置2月15日、3月15日、4月15日及5月15日4个播种期,分析新植蔗和宿根蔗干物质积累、养分积累及养分经济效率.结果表明,随播期推迟,新植蔗各器官干物质积累量减少;宿根蔗根、叶干物质积累量增加,茎干...     

Transformation of Sucrose to Starch and Protein in Rice Leaves and Grains under Two Establishment Methods

Six rice varieties, PR120, PR116, Feng Ai Zan, PR115, PAU201 and Punjab Mehak 1 were raised under aerobic and transplanting conditions to assess the effects of planting conditions on sucrose metabolising enzymes in relation to the transformation of free sugars to starch and protein in flag leaves and grains. Activities of sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase and acid invertase increased till flowering stage in leaves and mid-milky stage(14 d after flowering) in grains and thereafter declined in concomitant with the contents of reducing sugar. Under aerobic conditions, the activities of acid invertase and sucrose synthase(cleavage) significantly decreased in conjunction with the decrease in non-reducing sugars and starch content in all the varieties. Disruption of starch biosynthesis under the influence of aerobic conditions in both leaves and grains and the higher build up of sugars possibly resulted in their favoured utilization in nitrogen metabolism. Feng Ai Zan, PR115 and PR120 maintained higher levels of sucrose synthase enzymes in grains and leaves and contents of metabolites(amino acid, protein and non-reducing sugar) under aerobic conditions, while PR116, Punjab Mehak 1 and PAU201 performed better under transplanting conditions, thus showing their adaptation to environmental stress. Yield gap between aerobic and transplanting rice is attributed primarily to the difference in sink activity and strength. Overall, it appear that up-regulation of sucrose synthase(synthesis) and sucrose phosphate synthase under aerobic conditions might be responsible in enhancing growth and productivity of rice varieties.     

我国水稻三大优势产区稻米品质现状及区域差异

为全面科学了解我国水稻三大优势产区稻米品质现状及区域差异,采取网格化布局和分层随机抽样方法,于2016-2020年在全国17个水稻主产省的455个重点县抽取5879份稻谷样品,研究分析了12项品质性状和优质率.结果 显示,近5年我国稻米总体优质率为35.96％,粳稻优质率(54.02％)明显高于籼稻(27.30％),中...     

水稻籽粒蛋白质含量选择对杂交后代蛋白质含量及氮代谢关键酶活性的影响

 以籽粒蛋白质含量有显著差异的杂交后代及亲本为材料,分析了灌浆成熟过程中叶片蛋白水解酶和籽粒谷氨酰胺合成酶活性以及籽粒可溶性蛋白质含量的变化动态。结果表明,在籽粒蛋白质含量相近的亲本衍生的杂交后代中,通过籽粒蛋白质含量的连续定向选择不仅可以获得籽粒蛋白质含量和叶片蛋白水解酶活性及籽粒谷氨酰胺合成酶活性明显变高或变低的杂种后代,而且可获得蛋白质含量和酶活性超亲的后代;稻米蛋白质含量与灌浆过程中的叶片蛋白水解酶活性呈正相关, 籽粒可溶性蛋白质含量与籽粒谷氨酰胺合成酶活性呈显著负相关。     

酿造大麦挥发性风味物质组成分析

为给啤酒风味的稳定性研究提供借鉴,利用固相微萃取与气-质联用分析了两个优质酿造大麦品种Sabastian和Gairdner中的挥发性风味物质组成.在两个大麦品种中共分析鉴定出34种化合物,Sabastian中检出28种,Gairdner中检出32种.在Sabastian中共检出醛类化合物11种,占总质量分数的17.58％;醇类化合物7种,占总质量分数的7.32％;酮类3种,占总质量分数的13.08％;酸类化合物2种,占总质量分数的8.41％;其他类化合物5种,占总质量分数的9.54％.在Gairdner中共检出醛类化合物10种,占总质量分数的38.36％;醇类化合物9种,占总质量分数的25.36％;酮类化合物4种,占总质量分数的9.07％;酸类化合物2种,占总质量分数的6.81％;其他类型化合物7种,占总质量分数的7.77％.两个大麦品种中含量较高的成分为正己醛(Sabastian,13.56％;Gairdner,30.76％)、丙酮(Sabastian,12.82％;Gairdner,8.39％)、乙酸(Sabastian,8.00％;Gairdner,4.86％).作为大麦特征风味物质的异戊醛和2-甲基丁醛的含量在Sabastian中分别为0.51％和0.79％,在Gairdner中分别为1.93％和1.72％.     

木薯的抗寒性及北移栽培技术研究进展综述

木薯作为中国三大薯类之一,具有良好的生物学性状,主要适宜在热带和亚热带种植,光合作用效率较高,淀粉产量在高等植物中非常突出。木薯的用途极为广泛,除食用外,可大量加工成工业产品。本文介绍了近几年木薯在抗寒性的生理生化、抗寒性的分子生物学、抗寒育种及北移栽培技术等领域的最新研究进展,并对木薯抗寒性和北移栽培的未来研究进行了展望。