植物性神经对围着床期大鼠子宫中肥大细胞和组织胺含量的影响

本研究旨在以肥大细胞和组织胺为指标探讨大鼠围着床期植物性神经与子宫局部细胞免疫的关系。选择180日龄,体重为300～350g的性成熟Wistar雌性大鼠90只,随机分为对照、假手术处理和手术处理(n=30)3组,手术处理为孕前切除支配子宫的植物性神经(肠系膜后神经节节后纤维和盆神经丛节前纤维),伤口愈合,开始合笼试验。在妊娠4～6d,无菌条件下,取出大鼠子宫和卵巢,观察排卵、胚胎着床情况变化,通过细胞染色和ELISA方法测定肥大细胞数量和组织胺释放量。结果表明:正常大鼠子宫中组织胺自发释放量和总含量在着床(d5)时最低。肥大细胞数量也呈现相似的变化。神经切除后,自发释放组织胺量在妊娠4～6d数值明显下降,且在妊娠4、6d与对照组相比较差异显著(P0.05);可释放组织胺总含量在着床前(d4)极显著降低(P0.01),且胚胎着床数量明显减少或延迟;肥大细胞数量在着床前后与组织胺总含量有相似的变化。这些结果说明,切除神经降低了着床前肥大细胞数量和组织胺水平,改变了子宫局部免疫水平,进而引起了胚胎着床减少或延迟。综上表明,支配子宫的植物性神经可在着床前上调子宫肥大细胞数量和组织胺水平,控制子宫局部免疫水平,在胚胎着床中起重要调控作用。     

支配子宫的植物性神经对子宫免疫的影响Ⅰ.切断支配子宫的植？…

为探讨植物性神经与子宫局部细胞免疫的关系，选用性成熟ＳＤ大鼠，手术切断支配子宫的植物性神经，用组织学方法做子宫的石蜡切片，甲苯胺蓝染色，镜下计数，观察了肥大细胞（ＭＣ）数的变化。结果表明，在性周期和妊娠期中，手术后子宫肥大细胞数都呈增加趋势，在妊娠早期变化更显著，而且子宫肥大细胞数随性周期和妊娠期呈规律性的波动。结果提示，植物性神经对子宫免疫有一定影响。     

奶牛患子宫内膜炎时神经肽的免疫调节作用研究

肥大细胞（MC）作为免疫系统中重要效应细胞，对器官局部功能和免疫水平具有重要的调节作用。神经肽（SP、VIP等）是MC释放细胞因子的一个重要调节物质。神经肽对MC功能的调节可能是“免疫-神经-内分泌”网络相互作用的一个侧面，深入研究神经肽对MC作用的机理，将推动神经免疫的发展，有助于加深人们对“免疫-神经-内分泌”网络的认识。为此笔者研究通过测量比较正常和患病牛的血液和子宫内膜中神经肽（SP、VIP）的含量，以探讨神经肽对子宫局部免疫的影响。     

支配子宫的植物性神经对子宫免疫的影响：——Ⅱ·支配子宫的植？…

选用成年雌性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠,采用外科手术方法分别在妊娠前和妊娠后切断支配大鼠子宫的植物性神经,观察了切断神经对Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠着床的影响,并用常规组织学方法观察了子宫肥大细胞（ＭＣ）数的变化。结果表明：（１）切断神经后再配种的大鼠不易怀孕,绝大部分鼠经交配３次以上仍不怀孕,其他鼠推迟着床对妊娠后大刀切断神经并不影响妊娠的维持;（２）切断神经的大鼠子宫ＭＣ总数与对照组相比有所增加,经ｔ检验未见显著     

支配子宫的植物性神经对子宫免疫的影响Ⅰ.切断支配子宫的植物性神经对SD大鼠子宫肥大细胞的影响

为探讨植物性神经与子宫局部细胞免疫的关系 ,选用性成熟 SD大鼠 ,手术切断支配子宫的植物性神经 ,用组织学方法做子宫的石蜡切片 ,甲苯胺蓝染色 ,镜下计数 ,观察了肥大细胞 ( MC)数的变化。结果表明 ,在性周期和妊娠期中 ,手术后子宫肥大细胞数都呈增加趋势 ,在妊娠早期变化更显著 ,而且子宫肥大细胞数随性周期和妊娠期呈规律性的波动。结果提示 ,植物性神经对子宫免疫有一定影响     

支配子宫的植物性神经对子宫免疫的影响 Ⅱ.支配子宫的植物性神经对Wistar大鼠着床及子宫肥大细胞的影响

选用成年雌性 Wistar大鼠 ,采用外科手术方法分别在妊娠前和妊娠后切断支配大鼠子宫的植物性神经 ,观察了切断神经对 Wistar大鼠着床的影响 ,并用常规组织学方法观察了子宫肥大细胞 ( MC)数的变化。结果表明 :( 1 )切断神经后再配种的大鼠不易怀孕 ,绝大部分鼠经交配 3次以上仍不怀孕 ,其他鼠推迟着床。对妊娠后大鼠切断神经并不影响妊娠的维持 ;( 2 )切断神经的大鼠子宫 MC总数与对照组相比有所增加 ,经 t检验未见显著差异 ,提示神经影响着床不完全是通过 MC数的改变起作用 ,可能通过改变 MC介质的释放起作用。本试验结果提示 ,支配子宫的植物性神经可能参与大鼠胚胎着床的建立 ,而对胚胎着床后影响并不重要     

不同剂量6-羟多巴胺对大鼠子宫交感神经损毁情况及其对肥大细胞分布的影响

为研究6-羟多巴胺(6-OHDA)损毁大鼠子宫交感神经的剂量及其对子宫肥大细胞分布的影响,选取180~200日龄健康的性成熟Wistar雌性大鼠24只,随机分为对照组和处理组,处理组尾静脉注射25,50,100 mg/kg的6-OHDA。结果显示:按照一次性注射100mg/kg 6-OHDA的方法可以损毁支配子宫的交感神经,而50 mg/kg未能损毁子宫内膜固有层的神经。肥大细胞观察结果显示,其主要分布在内环、外纵肌之间的血管周围,随着6-OHDA剂量的不断加大,肥大细胞数量呈减少趋势,3个处理组对比差别显著,对照组略高于25 mg/kg组。血清中组织胺含量呈相反的变化趋势。结果表明,可采取一次性注射100mg/kg的6-OHDA来建立交感神经损毁模型,交感神经影响子宫内肥大细胞的分布,对于机体组织胺释放的调控不同于子宫。     

巨型艾美耳球虫感染鸡空肠粘膜肥大细胞数量和组织胺含量的变化

本文借助于改良甲苯胺蓝染色法和荧光测定法，分别检测了巨型艾美耳球虫感染鸡空肠粘膜肥大细胞（ＭＭＣ）数量和组织胺（ＨＡ）含量的变化。结果表明，初次感染巨型艾美耳球虫之后，空肠ＭＭＣ呈减少趋势，至感染后第１４天回复至不感染对照组水平。而初次感染组相应空肠ＨＡ水平呈现出不显著波动后，在感染后第４天达最大值。在再次攻毒试验中，免疫攻毒组ＭＭＣ呈现水升趋势，尔后回复至不感染对照组水平；免疫攻毒组织相应肠道Ｈ     

家禽营养对防御体系的影响

免疫系统是生物体对蛋白质异物的防御体系，肝脏微粒体细胞色素Ｐ－４５０依赖性药物代谢酶（ＭＣＰ－４５０）是生物体对脂溶性异物的防御体系。日粮中各种营养成分的含量对免疫系统和ＭＣＰ－４５０免疫体系都有不同程度的影响。     

用药知识

基层兽医务必注意慎用地塞米松地塞米松具有抗炎作用,其机理在于稳定溶酶体膜,减少溶酶体内水解酶的释放;抑制致炎物质缓激肽、5-羟色胺和前列腺素的产生。增加肥大细胞颗粒的稳定性,减少组织胺的释放,从而减轻血管扩张和毛细血管通透性。抑制白细胞和巨噬细胞移行血管外减少炎症浸润性组织反应。激素类药物地塞米松在抑制炎症反应减轻症状的同时,也降低了机体的防御功能,可致感染扩散和阻碍伤口愈合。地塞米松是种免疫抑制剂,它能抑制巨噬细胞对抗原的吞噬和处理;抑制淋巴细胞D N A合成和有丝分裂,阻碍淋巴母细胞的增殖,加速致敏淋巴细胞…     

Distribution patterns of mast cells in the uterus of pregnant Meishan pigs

The present study was performed to investigate the numerical distribution of mast cells (MCs) in the uteri of pregnant Meishan pigs to explore the functions of MCs in pig pregnancy. The uterine samples from pregnant (on days 15, 26 and 50 of gestation) pigs were obtained respectively and stained with toluidine blue. The results were as follows: MCs were constitutively located in the uterus of the Meishan pig, with the distribution varying with gestational stages. On days 15 and 26 of gestation, MCs were mainly distributed around the blood vessels and uterine glands within the endometrium. On day 50 of gestation, MCs were mostly distributed in the myometrium. These results indicated that uterine MCs possibly have versatile functions in pig pregnancy.     

Distribution and Heterogeneity of Mast Cells in Female Reproductive Tract and Ovary on Different Days of the Oestrus Cycle in Angora Goats

The physiological distribution of mast cells (MCs) in the reproductive tract and ovary of 12 Angora goats was determined using light microscopic histochemical techniques. Uterus (corpus uteri and cornu uteri), uterine cervix, uterine tubes (isthmus and ampulla) and ovary samples were obtained by laparatomy from groups of animals during metoestrus, dioestrus and proestrus (days 5, 10 and 16 of the oestrous cycle). Tissues were fixed in Mota's fixative (basic lead acetate) for 48 h and embedded in paraffin. Six-micrometre-thick sections were stained with toluidine blue in 1% aqueous solution at pH 1.0 for 5 min and alcian blue-Safranin at pH 1.0 for 30 min. MCs were generally associated with blood vessels in all reproductive organs. In the uterus, they were concentrated mainly in the close of the uterine gland and deep stroma in the endometrium. Higher MC numbers were observed by toluidine blue staining in the uterus, uterine cervix and uterine tubes on days 10 (corpus uterine: 4.7 ± 3.8 and cornu uterine: 4.9 ± 3.5) and 16 (corpus uterine: 5.9 ± 4.5 and cornu uterine: 5.4 ± 2.4) of the oestrous cycle compared with day 5 (p < 0.05). Mast cells were not observed in the follicles, the corpus luteum and the underside of the surface epithelium of the ovarian cortex, but were observed in the interstitial cortical stroma and the ovarian medulla. In the ovary, MC numbers were significantly higher on day 16 of the oestrous cycle (cortex: 3.4 ± 2.4 and medulla: 5.7 ± 4.5, p < 0.05). Safranin-positive connective tissue MCs were not observed in the uterine tube on any occasion. These results indicate oestrous cycle-related changes in the number and location of MCs in goat reproductive organs.     

Distribution of eosinophil granulocytes and mast cells in the reproductive tract of female goats in the preimplantation phase

Changes in eosinophil granulocytes and mast cells post-insemination may affect conceptus implantation, but information regarding the numbers of such cells in the mammalian reproductive tract is limited. This study investigated the preimplantation distribution of eosinophil granulocytes and mast cells (MCs) in the reproductive tract organs of female goats. Uterus, uterine cervix and uterine tubes samples were obtained at slaughter. Cornu uteri were washed in phosphate buffer solution (each animal contained at least one embryo). Tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formol, Carnoy solution and Mota’s fixative (basic lead acetate) for 48 h and embedded in paraffin. Six-micrometre-thick sections were stained with Congo red (for eosinophil granulocytes) and toluidine blue in 1% aqueous solution at pH 1.0 for 5 min (for MCs). In the uterus, MCs occurred in highest numbers in the myometrium. Higher MC numbers were observed in uterus, uterine and uterine tubes in the preimplantation (experimental) group (cycle synchronised through 7 days intravaginal sponge with 0.3 g P₄) compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Eosinophil granulocyte numbers were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). These results indicate preimplantation-related changes in numbers of eosinophil granulocytes and MCs in goat reproductive tract organs.     

母鸡输卵管子宫部初级感觉神经元的CB-HRP法定位研究

应用CB-HRP溶液注入母鸡输卵管子宫部浆膜下，四甲基联苯胺（TMB）组织化学呈色，以探察母鸡输卵管子宫部初级感觉神经元的定位。结果表明：母鸡输卵管子宫部的初级感觉神经元位于双侧T1-LS13脊神经节、颈静脉神经节和结状神经节。标记细胞数分布不均，在体左侧多于体右侧，在脊神经节多于颈静脉神经节和结状神经节。在脊神经节内标记细胞有T5-LS1和LS8-LS11前后两个相对集中区，峰值分别在T7和LS11。说明尽管母鸡输卵管子宫部是单侧发育成熟脏器，但其感觉沿双侧脊神经和迷走神经传人中枢，以体左侧传入为主；且感觉经脊神经传入较迷走神经传入中枢优势明显。     

山羊子宫内胆碱能神经分布及妊娠时的变化

采用乙酰胆碱酯酶组化法，研究了山羊子宫内胆碱能神经的分布，结果，山羊子宫颈是经较丰富，在浆膜和肌层内有神经束伴血管而行并分支分布于血管壁，在粘膜及其皱褶上皮下，粘液腺上皮有神经丛分布，妊娠时子宫颈部的神经分布与未妊娠时相比无明显变化，子宫角部神经密度均低于子宫颈部，其内环行肌层中及其与内膜交界处神经密度略高，神经束伴血管而行并分支分布于血管壁，在子宫腺上皮下及内膜上皮下无神经分布，妊夺时作胎盘内无神经分布外，仍有神经束伴血管而行交分支分布于血管壁，在分布于血管壁的神经纤维减少，结果提示，胆碱能神经主要支配山羊子宫内血管壁及颈部粘液腺上皮和粘膜上皮，妊 时子宫颈部胆碱能神经无明显变化，而子宫角内支配血管壁的胆碱能神经纤维减少。     

山羊子宫内肽能神经分布及妊娠时的变化

采用免疫组化方法，研究了山羊子宫内含P物质（SP）和含血管活性肠肽（VIP）神经的分布。结果，妊娠及未妊娠山羊子宫颈内有粗细不等的神经束行经于外膜和肌层中，神经分支形成丛状分布于血管壁，子宫颈部未见SP神经元胞体及VIP神经元胞体；未妊娠山羊子宫角内SP神经和VIP神经均呈丛状围绕血管并分布于血管壁；妊娠中期的孕角和非孕角均有胎盘形成，除胎盘内无神经分布外，SP神经及VIP神经同样分支形成丛状分布于血管壁。结果提示，山羊子宫内SP神经和VIP神经主要支配子宫内血管，妊娠时除胎盘内无神经分布外，SP神经及VIP神经的分布无明显变化。     

Uterine Humoral and Cellular Immune Response in Some Cases of Genital Disorders in Buffaloes

Contents: Investigations were performed to determine I) Cyclic changes in uterine immune response of buffalo-cows that could be responsible for increased susceptibility of the diestrous uterus to infection, 2) The effect of some genital disorders on the immune response. The number and phagocytic capacity of uterine leucocytes as well as the immunoglobulin contents revealed significant cyclic variations. These parameters were obviously decreased in the uteri of buffalo with bilateral smooth inactive ovaries. On the other hand, marked increases were recorded in both uterine leucocyte counts and immunoglobulin contents in the uteri of buffalo with cystic ovarian disease, endometritis, pyometra and cervical retention cysts. Phagocytic capacity showed obvious increase in case of cystic ovarian disease while decreased in other studied disorders.     

不同月龄山羊小肠黏膜免疫相关细胞的数量变化

为揭示不同发育阶段山羊小肠黏膜免疫特点的内在规律，本试验采用组织学和组织化学方法，对0．5、2和12月龄山羊小肠不同肠段的上皮内淋巴细胞、杯状细胞和肥大细胞的分布和数量变化进行了比较研究。结果显示：随着年龄增长，小肠各段上皮内淋巴细胞和肥大细胞的数量逐步增多（P〈0．05），而杯状细胞却逐渐减少（P〈0．05）。上皮内淋巴细胞数从十二指肠至回肠逐渐减少，0．5月龄的回肠上皮内淋巴细胞数仅是十二指肠和空肠的84．45％和98．14％（P〈0．05），肥大细胞的分布规律与上皮内淋巴细胞相似；相反，杯状细胞数从十二指肠至回肠逐渐增多。以上结果提示，在山羊小肠的早期发育中，杯状细胞起着重要的黏膜屏障功能，随着肠道黏膜免疫系统的发育，上皮内淋巴细胞和肥大细胞的黏膜防御作用进一步增强。     

精液对母兔子宫免疫及孕向发育的影响

在结扎子宫颈的情况下,在同一子宫的两侧子宫角分别注入生理盐水（对照组）和精液（试验组）以研究精液对子宫免疫和孕向发育的影响。试验共用母兔8只。子宫注入后48 h处死试验用兔,取子宫进行测量,并制片染色,用图像采集分析系统进行研究。结果显示：1）与对照组相比,兔子宫注入精液后可以显著（P〈0.05）增加子宫的长度、直径和子宫角指数;可明显增加子宫壁（P〈0.05）、黏膜上皮层（P〈0.01）和黏膜层（P〈0.05）的厚度;可显著增加黏膜中腺管（P〈0.05）和血管（P〈0.05）数量,可明显增加腺上皮的厚度（P〈0.05）。2）子宫注入精液后,子宫冲洗液中的细胞数（53.3±4.03×109/L）较对照组极显著增加（P〈0.01）;单位面积子宫黏膜中肥大细胞的数量（2.85±0.05个/mm2）较对照组（3.72±0.04个/mm2）显著减少（P〈0.05）。子宫冲洗液涂片染色检查发现,子宫冲洗液中的细胞主要为嗜中性粒细胞。本研究表明,兔精液确实能够促进母兔子宫的孕向发育,能够改变子宫的免疫状态。     

Immunohistochemical Localization of Galanin in Bovine Reproductive Organs

The vagina, uterus and oviduct were shown to receive galanin immunoreactive (GAL-IR) nerve fibres, the number of which varied between particular organs. In the ovary, GAL-IR nerves were absent. A small number of these nerves were located in the layers of the oviduct. A moderate number of GAL-IR nerves were situated in the body and uterine horns, whereas the uterine cervix and vagina wall contained a large number of GAL-IR nerve fibres, evenly distributed throughout particular membranes of the organs. GAL-IR nerves were found to contain, simultaneously, either vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP) or Leu⁵-enkephalin (ENK). Many of the GAL-IR nerves contained tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). A group of GAL-IR nerves that did not possess immunoreactivity to VIP, SP, ENK or TH was also observed.