理化诱变小豆京农6号突变体的鉴定

选用小豆品种京农6号种子,分别采用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)(0.5%、0.9%和1.4%处理12h和24h)、电子束(100、300、600Gy)、60Co-γ(400Gy)诱变处理,将处理后的种子种于大田,鉴定后代植株性状的变异。观察表明,EMS诱变的变异类型最丰富、60Co-γ射线次之、电子束产生的变异类型较单一。EMS处理小豆以浓度0.5%和0.9%处理24h为宜;0.5%EMS处理的粒色和荚色变异突出,有鲜红、黄白、绿白粒色和黑荚、褐荚、黑褐荚变异;0.9%处理的叶形变异突出,有鸡爪叶、剑叶、肾形叶、小密叶等突变类型;电子束诱变后,M2变异率分别为4.09%、3.64%和2.22%。400Gy60Co-γ射线处理种子,后代变异率为7.23%。通过两年的鉴定筛选,获得937个EMS诱变M3代株系,934个60Co-γ射线和电子束诱变M2代株系,已得到株高、叶形、叶色、粒形、粒色、荚色、无分枝、多分枝、叶簇生、分枝簇生、光叶、蔓生、有限结荚习性、株型松散、育性、成熟特性等突变体材料1490份。本研究为小豆基因遗传分析、基因定位与克隆及其进一步的基因功能分析奠定了基础,为小豆育种提供了重要的材料。     

Heavy-ion-induced mutants in sweet pepper isolated by M1 plant selection

We examined the effects of heavy-ion bombardment on mutagenesis in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Dose–response studies indicated that 10 Gy irradiation of ¹²C or ²⁰Ne ions on dry seeds is suitable for inducing mutations in plants. From ²⁰Ne-irradiated M₁ plants, putative mutants included two dwarf plants and one plant whose pericarp was yellow were isolated. Phenotypes of their M₂ progeny were similar to those of the M₁ plants and did not segregate. F₁ plants resulting from reciprocal crosses between the mutants and wild-type plants showed the wild-type phenotype, but phenotypes of F₂ and BC₁F₁ segregated at 1:3 (mutant:wild) and 1:1, respectively. These crossing experiments indicate that the three mutants have monogenic recessive mutations in nuclear genes. In light of these data, we discuss the effectiveness of using heavy-ion bombardment to mutate sweet peppers.     

大豆“南农86-4”突变体筛选及突变体库的构建

应用⁶⁰Co γ射线和甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)分别对“南农86-4”大豆种子进行诱变，并构建大豆突变体库。结果在M₃代分别获得40份和145份叶、茎、花、种子、子叶等性状变异的材料。在两种方式诱变的M₃代都获得蛋白质和油含量变化的材料，尤其在EMS诱变的M₃代中获得47份蛋白质含量比对照高5个百分点以上的材料，5份蛋白质和油总含量比对照高5个百分点以上的材料。这些突变体可以作为新的种质资源，构建的突变体库也有助于大豆功能基因组研究的开展。     

A novel environment-induced genic male sterile (EGMS) mutant in indica rice

Summary Male-sterile mutants were isolated from M₂ and M₃ generations of indica rice variety 26 Zhaizao, dry seeds of which had been exposed to ⁶⁰Co- rays at a dose of 290 Gy. The mutants were planted in early season and ratooned in late season for two successive years for identification of fertility conversion in different growing seasons. One of the mutant lines was further observed in a growth chamber and in the field. Results showed that daily average temperature might be the major factor conditioning the male fertility conversion at a moderate daylength. The critical temperature for the male fertility conversion of the mutant grown under 12.5 h and 14.0 h daylength is about 23°C, below which the plant becomes completely male sterile. Its male fertility conversion character differs from other EGMS lines so far developed. The performance of the hybrids between the mutant and some other indica varieties demonstrated its good combining ability and its potential value in hybrid rice production. The obtained mutant line still sheds KI-stainable pollen grains under male sterilizing conditions. Nevertheless, pollen grains shed from the male sterile plants were much more vulnerable than from normal plants. At sucrose concentration below 1.5 M, the pollen grains from the mutant grown under male sterilizing conditions almost completely broke down, while above 1.5 M they became plasmolysed and shrunken. This is indicative of poor development of the membrane and walls of the pollen grains from the male sterile mutant, causing the pollen grains to be unfunctional. NBT test also clarified the abortion of the pollen grains from the mutant, which were formed in the male sterilizing environment.     

Effect of gamma radiation on growth and lignin content in Brachypodium distachyon

Brachypodium distachyon has been highlighted as a model monocot plant with small genome and short life cycle. Biofuels are being developed as renewable energy sources to replace fossil fuels. Bioethanol production is negatively correlated with lignin content. Here, Brachypodium was acutely or chronically irradiated at doses of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 Gy. The effect of radiation on plant growth and generation of mutant populations was explored. The lethal effect of radiation was higher in acutely irradiated M0 populations. A dose-dependent negative effect in plant height, tiller number, floral spikelet, and total seed number was observed, with a positive effect in days to heading. The phenotype of 1,773 M₁ plants was evaluated, with 417 plants being selected to construct the M₂ population. The 31 M₂ plants that showed the least staining with phloroglucinol were selected. These mutants could be useful materials for studies such as identification of nucleotide substitutions in genes involved in lignin biosynthesis pathway, monitoring of mutant physiological traits, and evaluation of fitness for bioethanol production. As biological resources, the M₂ populations generated in this work will contribute to studies of functional genomics of Brachypodium and to the breeding of grass crops.     

In vitro mutagenesis and directed screening for salt-tolerant mutants in peanut

To expand the salt-tolerant gene resources of peanut, we conducted in vitro mutagenesis with pingyangmycin (PYM) as the mutagen and directed screening with medium containing NaCl. After embryonic leaflets from mature peanut seeds (variety Huayu 22) were cultured on somatic embryogenesis-induction medium containing 4 mg/L PYM for 4 weeks, the surviving somatic embryos were sequentially transferred to a germination medium containing 15 and then 20 g/L NaCl. The 30 NaCl-tolerant plantlets obtained were grafted and transplanted in the field in 2011, and the mature seeds of 26 regenerated plants were harvested. In 2012, all seeds from each plant were sown in the field. The offspring (M₂ generation) of 23 of 26 NaCl-tolerant, regenerated plants differed from their mutagenic parent in vigor, growth habit, flowering habit, pod shape, and seed coat color, and they also exhibited trait segregation from the same NaCl-tolerant, regenerated plant. In a germination test with a 0.7 % NaCl solution and the M₃-generation seeds from 18 of the NaCl-tolerant, regenerated plants, the germination rate was substantially higher for the seeds from 6 plants than for seeds from the mutagenic parent (Huayu 22). To determine whether the changes in plant traits might be associated with gene mutations, DNA polymorphisms between the mutagenic parent and 19 M₃ generation individuals from different NaCl-tolerant, regenerated plants were analyzed with 39 pairs of SSR primers, and all mutants differed from the mutagenic parent in >2 loci. The results indicate that the use of PYM-based mutagenesis in combination with directed in vitro screening with NaCl is effective for creating and identifying salt-tolerant mutants of peanut.     

Induced mutations in winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L. DC) with low tannin content

Four mutants of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC) with altered tannin content were selected among the M₃ seeds present on M₂ plants following mutagenic treatment of seeds of cvs UPS 122 and Kade 6/16 using gamma radiation from a Co⁶⁰ gamma source. These mutants were selected from the most chimeric parts of the M₁ plant, which had earlier been identified to be the first mature pods on the M₁ plant and the earliest formed M₂ seeds in the M₁ pods. The indirect selection of tannin mutants was based on searching for seed coat colour changes in M₃ seeds. Cv UPS 122 yielded the mutants 3/1-10-12 and X22 from 1958 and 1883 M₂ plants respectively. Cv Kade 6/16 yielded the mutants 3/9-0-12 and 3/4-10-7 from 1442 and 1011 M₂ plants respectively. One of the mutants, 3/4-10-7, which was the only desirable one, had a level of tannin of about 25% of the wild type cv. Kade 6/16. The other three mutants had similar or increased tannin levels. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Somatic Embryogenesis in Maize and Comparison of Genetic Variability Induced by Gamma Radiation and Tissue Culture Techniques

Sixteen inbred lines and one hybrid of manse were tested for their capability of somatic embryogenesis, and fully developed plants could be regenerated, from ten inbred, lines. The highest frequency of plant regeneration was expressed in the inbred line CHI 31, and when this line was crossed with a recalcitrant, non-regenerating line, the F₁ and BC hybrids were regenerable. The results of reciprocal crosses demonstrated that dominant nuclear genes and cytoplasmic factors are primarily responsible for the heritable determination of embryogenic callus proliferation and in vitro regeneration of maize plants. Somaclonal and radiation-induced variability was studied in maize to assess their nature and potential contribution to plant breeding., The inbred line CHI 31 possessing a high in vitro capacity of somatic embryo formation was used as experiments.] material. CHI 31 plants were selfed and twelve-day old zygotic embryos irradiated with ⁶⁰Co gamma radiation in situ. Mature caryopses were harvested and assigned as M₁ material. In another series, immature zygotic embryos (size 1.2—1.5 mm) were cultured in vitro on N-6 medium supplemented with 2,4-D (2.5 μM), and somatic embryos regenerated into plants; these were transplanted into soil and self-pollinated. Regenerants from non-irradiated cultures were grown as R₁ generation, while regenerants from irradiated explants were considered as M₁R₁ generation. The genetic variability was evaluated in the M₂, R₂ and M₂R₂ generations, respectively, and compared with a non-treated seed control. Irradiation induced a variety of chlorophyll and morphological variants segregating in the M; generation; however, the frequency of deviant types obtained in the R: generation (somaclonal variation) was significantly exceeding the one derived from the M₂ populations. The combination of expert irradiation and in vitro regeneration was most effective for the manifestation of chlorophyll and morphological o if types in the M₂R₂ generation, and increased drastically the frequency of early flowering variants. Differences in the segregation patterns of mutant phenotypes amonsister somaclones in the R₃ and M₃R₃ generations indicate a different genetic basis, of plants originating from the same explant. This phenomenon suggests a mutational sectoring of the callus during culture. Radiation induced and somaclonal variation exerted a similar spectrum of chlorophyll and morphological deviants.     

Inheritance of morphological traits of periwinkle mutants with modified contents and yields of leaf and root alkaloids

Periwinkle Catharanthus roseus is a medicinally important plant producing anticancer and antihypertension alkaloids. Two mutants, one dwarf and one semidwarf and both, with a high alkaloid content in the roots and one mutant with a wavy leaf margin and a high alkaloid content in its leaves were obtained after induced chemical mutagenesis with ethyl methane sulphonate and N-nitroso-N-ethylurea in the variety ‘Nirmal’, which is resistant to dieback disease. These mutants were evaluated in the M₃ and M₄ generations. The dwarf and semidwarf mutants differed from the parental variety for many morphological characters, while the mutant with the wavy leaf margin differed mainly in leaf size and leaf thickness. Although both dwarf and semidwarf mutants showed a significantly higher alkaloid content in their roots in both generations, only the semidwarf mutant gave a significantly higher (23%) root alkaloid yield than the parental variety. The mutant with the wavy leaf margin showed a significantly higher alkaloid content in the leaves in both the M₃ and M₄ generations and also had a significantly higher (21%) leaf alkaloid yield than the parental variety. All three mutants were found to be controlled by monogenic recessive genes; the genes for ‘dwarfness’ and ‘semidwarfness’ were allelic to each other, with the allele for semidwarfness being dominant over the allele for dwarfness. The gene for the wavy leaf margin was inherited independently of the genes for dwarfness and semidwarfness.     

EMS-induced mutation of an endoplasmic reticulum oleate desaturase gene (<Emphasis Type="Italic">FAD2</Emphasis>-<Emphasis Type="Italic">2</Emphasis>) results in elevated oleic acid content in rapeseed (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica napus</Emphasis> L.)

The development of rapeseed cultivars (Brassica napus L.) with high oleic acid and low linolenic acid is highly desirable for food and industrial applications. In this study, the Korean rapeseed cultivar Tamla was used for ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced mutagenesis and seed oils were screened up to generation M₇ for high oleate mutants. Two mutant populations (M₇) with an average of approximately 76% oleic acid content were isolated. Yield components between two mutant populations and untreated Tamla plants were not substantially different, although the mutants in the vegetative stage were slightly smaller in size than Tamla. Genomic analyses of six fatty acid desaturase (four FAD2 and two FAD6) genes revealed that the elevated oleic acid content in the mutants is the result of single gene mutations. Changes in DNA sequence were observed in two genes out of six fatty acid desaturase (four FAD2 and two FAD6). FAD2-2 exhibited a 2-bp deletion in the upstream region of the gene in the two mutants, resulting in a severely truncated polypeptide (57 aa instead of 469 aa), while six point mutations in the other gene did not result in changes in the amino acid sequence. Based on these results, FAD2-2, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) oleic acid desaturase, is affected in the mutants, resulting in a ~ 7% increase in oleic acid content in comparison to untreated Tamla plants. The induced mutants could be utilized for the development of high oleic oil rapeseed varieties and for regulatory studies of lipid metabolism in seed oils.     

EMS Induction of Early Flowering Mutants in Spring Rape (Brassica napus)

Studies were undertaken to induce early flowering mutants by ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) treatments of Brassica napus seeds. EMS treatments for 12 h of a highly inbred B. napus line TBS had adverse effects on M¹ plant development and fertility only when concentrations were greater than 1%. However, an EMS concentration of 1.5% did not reduce M₁ plant fertility to an extent which significantly reduced production of M₂ seeds. Genetic changes induced by EMS treatment and affecting flowering time were of three main types: (1) Changes within a polygenic system reflected by increased variation in flowering time among M₂ families. As the increase in variation was due primarily to a higher frequency of later flowering plants, these polygenic changes would be of little value in developing better-adapted cultivars. (2) Induction of a recessive mutation at a major gene locus which caused M₃ plants homozygous for the mutant gene to flower at least 20 days earlier than the parental line TB8. (3) Induction of a dominant mutation at a major gene locus which affects flowering time by causing a substantial reduction in vernalization requirement. M₂ plants carrying the mutant gene flowered as early as 59 days before the parental line. These major gene mutations could be rapidly exploited in the development of agronomically superior cultivars for short-season, lower rainfall environments in Western Australia.     

Selection of Semidwarf, Early Maturing and Blast Resistant Mutants after Mutagenic Seed Treatment in Two Locally Adapted Indian Rice Cultivars

The objective of this study was to induce semidwarf, early maturing and blast resistant mutants in two adapted Indian rice cultivars. Seeds of the rice cultivars ‘Madhu Malti’ and ‘Phul Patas 72’ were treated with gamma rays and ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) as well as a combination of gamma rays and EMS. A total of 96 dwarf (< 75 cm) and semidwarf (< 100 cm) and 104 early flowering/maturing M₂ plants were identified among the 18,060 M₂ plants observed. Sixty-eight blast resistant M₂ plants were also identified. The true mutant status of these plants has yet to be determined in progeny tests. The induction of desired mutant types in locally adapted cultivars could prove to be superior over their introduction from non-adapted foreign materials via backcrossing in that the important agronomic characteristics of adaptation to the local environment are retained in the mutants.     

A dwarfing mutant caused by deactivation function of alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein in rice

Dwarf mutants in plants are crucial for elucidating regulatory mechanisms for plant growth and development. Previous studies suggested that the heterotrimeric G-protein alpha subunit known as D1/RGA1 in rice was involved in deactivation function of the G protein. However, so far no partner has been analyzed the spatial structure change acting with D1. In this study, a dwarf mutant designated Mu101 was obtained in M₂ population of rice indica cultivar M804 treated with ⁶⁰Co γ-ray. Genetic analysis of Mu101 indicated that the dwarf phenotype was controlled by a single dwarf gene, and the dwarf mutant was insensitive to gibberellin (GA), which was named dwarf 89 (d89). Using a large F₂ population derived from a cross between the d89 and a japonica rice variety, Taigeng16, the D89 gene was fine mapped into a 62.13 kb physical distance on chromosome 5, where eight open reading frames were predicted. Sequence analysis indicated that only one bp substitution (A-G) was found in LOC_Os05g26890 between M804 and the d89 mutant. The rice GA insensitive dwarf mutant DWARF1 gene was in this locus. The modeling analysis showed amino acid threonine to alanine mutation was likely to make the alpha helix short, and led to the G protein deactivation.     

Development of ‘naked-tufted’ seed coat mutants for potential use in cotton production

Use of chemical mutagenesis has been highly successful in most major crops. The objective of this research was to develop ‘naked-tufted’ seed mutants and to incorporate this genetic trait into cotton to enhance crop quality and reduce processing costs. In 1997, six commercial cultivars were treated with 2.45% v/v ethyl methane sulfonate. In 1999, three M₃ plants were identified that had partially naked seed coats. The trait was stabilized through individual plant selections from 2000 to 2004. During 2005 and 2006, the homozygous naked-tufted M₈ mutant lines were evaluated for lint yield, lint percent, fibers/seed, fibers/mm², fiber quality, seed oil content, ginning efficiency and yarn spinning performance. Overall, the naked-tufted seed mutants had lower lint yield, lower fibers/seed, lower lint/seed, and lower fibers/mm² when compared with their original fuzzy parents. The lint turnout from the mutants was similar to the fuzzy parents and the commercial cultivars. The naked-tufted seed mutants had higher seed oil percent, 6–17% lower short fiber contents, significantly reduced seed coat neps (37–42%), higher elongation and yarn tenacity than their fuzzy counterparts. Preliminary data also showed that the naked-tufted mutants required less energy to gin.     

Induced mutations for reduced tuber glycoalkaloid content in potatoes

Mutation breeding was used to produce mutants of the potato breeding selection NDA1725-1 with reduced levels of tuber glycoalkaloids. Excised tuber eye-pieces were exposed to 35 Gy of gamma rays from a ⁶⁰Co source. In the M₁V₁, leaf tissue was screened using high-performance thin layer chromatography and each plant given a relative score based on a subjective rating of band intensity. Tubers were harvested from all plants that produced leaves with relatively low levels of glycoalkaloids. Tuber glycoalkaloids were quantified in the M₁V₂ and M₁V₃ using high-performance liquid chromatography, and 35% and 23% of clones with the lowest glycoalkaloid content were selected for further evaluation in each generation, respectively. In the M₁V₄, M₁V₅ and M₁V₆, selection was based on statistically significant differences between the mutant clones and the controls for glycoalkaloid content, as determined using a gravimetric quantification method, as well as on agronomic and quality characteristics. At the end of six clonal generations three selections exhibited acceptable levels of tuber glycoalkaloids and retained enough of the parent clone's exceptional traits to have potential in the commercial potato chip (crisp) industry.     

Effect of Mutagenic Treatments on Somaclonal Variation in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Different wheat genotypes were treated with gamma-rays, sodium azide (SA) and EMS before tissue culture and immature embryos from M₁ plants or plants shortly after exposure to gamma-rays were used to initiate callus culture. Thousands of plants were regenerated and used to investigate the effect of mutagenic treatments on the regenerated plants and somaclonal variation in the M₃R₂ and M₂R₂ generations. The results showed that mutagen-induced damage in terms of reduction in plant height, fertility and spike length were not outstanding in the regenerated plants as compared with the untreated control. In the M₃R₂ generation, only SA treatment had significantly higher frequencies of somaclonal variations than the control. Increases in the variation frequencies were observed when explant embryos were irradiated with 2.5 and 5 gy gamma-rays and the highest frequency appeared when embryos were exposed to 5 gy gamma-rays on the 5th day after anthesis. Increased variation spectra also resulted from mutagenic treatments and most of the variants recovered were unsuitable for plant improvement.     

Radiation and genetical studies to estimate the number of embryonic initials taking part in the formation of the shoot meristem of Vicia ervilia and Lathyrus sativus

Summary Dry seeds of V. ervilia and L. sativus were irradiated with 60Co gamma rays. The M₁ plants were grown to maturity. During harvest, ten randomly selected plants were arbitrarily numbered (symbols P₁ to P₁₀) and the branches and the pod positions along each branch of each plant were numbered (symbols for branches, B₁ to B₄ and pod positions, p₁ to p₁) from the lowest to the topmost one. The seeds of each pod position were collected, threshed, counted and, the next year, sown separately. Mutants were isolated from among the M₂ population and each mutant could be traced back to the particular topography of the M₁ plant. The seeds from the M₂ plants originating from different sectors of the M₁ plants were grown to M₃ generation to study the pattern of inheritance. The segregation data of L. sativus show that in some cases at least one and in other cases at least two embryonic initials were involved in the formation of the shoot meristem whereas in V. ervilia the number of embryonic initials involved was at least two or three.     

Identification of low lectin mutants in soybean

Lectin is one of the known antinutritional factors that deteriorate the soybean protein quality and development of cultivars with low lectin content will help to improve nutritional quality of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Therefore, attempts were made to induce mutations for low lectin content in the cultivar ‘MACS 450’. Soybean cultivar ‘MACS 450’ was subjected to combination treatments of γ‐rays and ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) with an objective to induce variability for low lectin content. The treatments of different combinations of γ‐rays and EMS were 50 Gy + 0.2% EMS, 50 Gy + 0.4% EMS, 100 Gy + 0.2% EMS and 100 Gy + 0.4% EMS. Of the 3200 treated M₁ seeds sown, 16 400 M₂ plants were raised. In M_2, 72 plants were identified for low lectin content [<40 × 10⁵ haemagglutination unit (HAU)/mg] and were carried up to M₅ generation. In M₅ generation, lectin content in ‘MACS 450’ was 39.23 to 50.0 × 10⁵ HAU/mg, and was compared with the nine true breeding lines identified having low lectin content, ranging from 2.3 × 10⁵ to 27.46 × 10⁵ HAU/mg. Three mutants were found to possess very low lectin content (ranging from 2.0 × 10⁵ to 3.0 × 10⁵ HAU/mg). Thus, the identified mutant lines with low lectin content will greatly improve soybean protein quality, thereby reducing financial burden on the soybean industry for processing soybean meal and also making it suitable for human consumption. All the mutants showed normal seed development, having soluble protein content similar or higher than that in the parent (32.0 mg/ml). This indicates that the change in lectin content does not have any negative impact on the plant growth and protein content.     

Transformation of modified cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene and anti-bacterial peptide gene in Brassica pekinensis protoplasts mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Summary A transformation system for Chinese cabbage protoplasts was developed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 (harbouring the plasmid pBinΩSCK and the plasmid pMOG 411 respectively). The plasmid pBinΩSCK contains a 415 bp insert derived from the Cowpea trypsin proteinase inhibitor gene and The plasmid pMOG 411 contains a 870 bp fragment which codes an anti-bacterial peptide gene. Freshly isolated protoplasts of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.ssp.pekinensis) lines were pre-treated at 4 ^∘C for 1 h, then incubated at 25 ^∘C for 2–3 days in the dark. 3 drops of A. tumefaciens solution in log-phase were added to 10 ml protoplasts and cocultivated for 48 h at 25 ^∘C. Some kanamycin-resistant plants and a number of kanamycin-resistant calli were obtained. Southern blot hybridization analysis demonstrated the presence of the CpTI gene and the anti-bacterial peptide gene in the Chinese cabbage genome. Northern blot analysis of the kanamycin-resistant plantlets and calli confirmed the accumulation of the CpTI and the anti-bacterial peptide mRNAs.     

EMS诱变刺荞的形态突变体鉴定与分析

为构建苦荞EMS突变体库和为苦荞功能基因组学研究准备基础材料,利用化学诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯（ethyl methane sulfonate,EMS）诱变处理刺荞种子,对获得的M₂代材料进行生物学性状与农艺性状鉴定,并对部分M₂代材料播种家系进行验证。对M₂代全生育期田间表型进行观察鉴定,共获得480份突变体材料,包括子粒、叶片、茎秆及生育期等生物学特性与主要农艺性状突变体,变异类型丰富,尤其是首次发现了子粒多棱苦荞新材料,并发现了自然突变中少见的变异类型,如子粒开裂等变异类型。所构建的刺荞EMS突变群体较理想,可望有效用于苦荞功能基因组研究和苦荞遗传改良。