速冻低温保鲜处理对鲜切甘蓝品质的影响

以鲜切甘蓝为试材,用0.3%异VC+0.3%柠檬酸浸泡护色20 min,在1%柠檬酸+1%VC溶液中漂烫(65℃)1 min,然后分别在-20℃、干冰和-60℃温度下速冻后于-18℃或0℃条件下贮藏20 d,研究不同速冻与低温保鲜处理对鲜切甘蓝贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,经护色和漂烫后采用干冰速冻处理,于0℃下贮藏20 d,鲜切甘蓝仍能够较好地保持叶绿素、VC和还原糖等营养品质,抑制腐败微生物生长,具有良好的硬度、胶黏性、弹性、咀嚼性、回复性等质构特性,色泽正常,气味清香,其感官品质显著好于其他处理。     

西兰花速冻加工工艺

为探讨西兰花速冻工艺对其品质的影响。从漂烫温度、漂烫时间和速冻时间三个方面,分析各处理因素对西兰花VC质量分数、颜色等级、速冻损失率及感官品质的影响,以确定西兰花速冻最优工艺。西兰花速冻最优工艺为:漂烫温度为80～100℃,漂烫时间为1 min,速冻时间为15～20 min。     

速冻甜玉米加工工艺的研究

对甜玉米的生鲜果德漂烫处理后,分别速冻３个月、６个月、结果表明,速冻保鲜处理后的甜玉米其主要营养成分与鲜果穗相近,基本上保持了原有的风味。     

不同贮藏温度和保鲜处理对黄秋葵贮藏品质及生理的影响

为探讨采后不同贮藏温度对黄秋葵贮藏品质的影响以及不同保鲜剂对黄秋葵抗氧化酶活性的影响,以台湾“五福”黄秋葵为试材,分别置于低温（（4±1）℃、（9±1）℃、（14±1）℃）和常温（（20±1）℃）条件下贮藏,研究温度对其贮藏品质的影响;采用1.0%壳聚糖、5.0 mmol/L水杨酸、0.5片安喜布、5%O2+8%CO2处理黄秋葵,研究保鲜处理对其抗氧化酶活力的影响。结果表明：（9±1）℃贮藏组的保鲜效果最好,显著改善了贮藏期间黄秋葵的失重率、硬度、叶绿素含量、VC含量、L值、呼吸强度、乙烯释放量、MDA含量、细胞膜相对电导率;4种保鲜处理均能显著提高黄秋葵的SOD、POD、CAT活性,并维持其活性在相对较高的水平;同时,显著抑制黄秋葵果实MDA含量的升高。通过研究发现,壳聚糖涂膜液处理组的效果最佳,水杨酸处理组次之并优于1-MCP处理组,气调处理组的效果相对较差。     

黄秋葵果实加工利用研究进展

黄秋葵果实中富含蛋白质和果胶类多糖,是一种营养价值与开发利用价值较高的新型保健蔬菜。以国内外研究为基础,简述了黄秋葵果实的营养价值、贮藏保鲜技术及其果荚与种子加工利用的研究现状,并对黄秋葵产业的发展进行了展望,为深入开展黄秋葵果实加工利用提供参考。指出提高黄秋葵果实贮藏保鲜技术,深化黄秋葵果实加工工艺的研究与开发,加强黄秋葵果实科研产品转化,是全面推动黄秋葵产业快速发展的关键。     

白簕嫩芽保鲜工艺研究

对白簕在贮藏过程中出现叶子褐变、失水、腐烂问题进行了研究,并通过采用壳聚糖涂膜法、碱液烫漂法以及直接抽真空法从护绿、保护营养两方面对白簕进行保鲜比较,确定直接抽真空方法为最佳保鲜工艺方法,保鲜期长达15天,而且不含任何防腐剂和食品添加剂.     

不同预处理对低温贮藏香椿嫩芽风味及色泽的影响

为探究不同预处理方式对低温贮藏条件下香椿嫩芽挥发性成分及色泽的影响,新鲜香椿分别经烫漂和液氮速冻预处理,然后于-20℃条件下低温贮藏270 d,以直接低温贮藏为对照。采用顶空固相微萃取法与气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析香椿嫩芽贮藏30 d、90 d和270 d时的挥发性成分,对贮藏270 d解冻后香椿嫩芽进行感官评价,并对L、a、b值和叶绿素含量进行测定。结果表明:与直接冷冻和烫漂加热处理方式相比,液氮速冻技术在香椿嫩叶色泽上占明显优势,经过长期低温冻藏其叶绿素含量和L、a、b值显著高于其他两组(P0.05)。在挥发性成分保留方面,烫漂加热香椿的挥发性成分种类在低温贮藏期间均高于其他两组处理,但在贮藏270 d后种类骤然降低,与其他两组无明显差异。低温贮藏期间含硫类化合物相对含量均随着贮藏时间的延长逐渐升高,使香椿呈现刺激性臭味,影响香椿品质。     

不同包装处理对杨梅果实采后贮运保鲜效果的影响

杨梅果实常温下较难贮藏,采用东魁杨梅果实作为试验材料,研究不同包装处理对杨梅果实采后贮运保鲜效果的影响.结果表明,在试验的几个包装处理中,以真空加冰块和充氮气加冰块的包装处理效果较好,可使杨梅果实采后保鲜10d,好果率达91%以上;单纯采用在外包装中加入冰块的处理方法,其保鲜期最多只有7d,并且冰块与果实的质量比值越大...     

脱乙烯法处理对杨梅果实采后生理和保鲜的影响

【研究目的】开展该项研究,旨在消除杨梅自身产生的乙烯（即内源乙烯）的致熟作用,减缓杨梅腐烂变质进程,延长保鲜期,为杨梅保鲜提供新方法;【方法】将长32cm、宽16cm、厚1cm的海绵（作为载体）,置于KMnO4饱和溶液中浸泡,晾干后置于装有杨梅的塑料筐上面,密封;【结果】在0℃贮藏条件下,处理果实可保鲜13d,对照果实可保鲜11d;20℃贮藏条件下,处理和对照果实能保鲜4d。试验结果表明采用脱乙烯法处理,对0℃下贮藏后期的果实呼吸强度、相对电导率和MDA具有明显的抑制效果,果实的腐烂率降低;而对20℃下贮藏的果实的呼吸强度、相对电导率和MDA均具有不同程度的抑制作用。【结论】在0℃贮藏条件下,对杨梅果实进行脱乙烯处理,果实可以保鲜13d。此法操作简便,成本低廉,可以获得较好的保鲜效果。     

甜玉米速冻保鲜加工技术

甜玉米是一种特殊的果蔬玉米,属现代玉米中的珍品,具有鲜嫩、清香、甘甜、软糯等特殊风味。甜玉米营养丰富,尤其富含现代精细食品中普遍缺乏的膳食纤维,是一种集美味和营养保健于一体的深受大众欢迎的食品。但是,甜玉米的生产季节性强,不耐贮藏,采收后必须及时进行保鲜与加工处理。甜玉米最常用的保鲜方法为速冻保鲜。该方法具有省时、省工,操作简便,加工成本低等特点。经速冻加工的甜玉米口感好、风味佳,可满足人们一年四季的消费需求。速冻保鲜的工艺流程为:原料的采收→剥皮→检验→浸泡→清洗→漂烫→冷却→沥干→修整→速冻→检验→包…     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.