利用小RNA深度测序技术从新疆葡萄上检出8种病毒

正Kreuze et al(.2009)发现病毒特异的小RNA(small RNA,sRNA)为多拷贝的重叠序列,推测可通过深度测序技术获得病毒的大量sRNA序列,经拼接和比对分析后能高效鉴定病毒种类。目前,利用sRNA深度测序技术已在作物和昆虫上发现多种病毒(Liu et al.,2011;He et al.,2015)。2013年本课题组在葡萄病害调查过程中发现,伊犁州部分地区的葡萄在种植4~5年后,叶片黄化、变小,整个植株矮化,座果     

宁夏设施番茄病毒病病原鉴定

正番茄病毒病是番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)安全生产的主要限制因素,感染番茄作物的病毒种类高达136 种~[1]。小RNA测序和组装技术(small RNA sequencing and assembly, sRSA)已用于不同物种的病毒检测~[2]。Xu等~[2]对采自我国的170个番茄样本进行小RNA深度测序分析,鉴定出22种病毒。其采样地点未包括宁夏回族自治区。宁夏是我国重要的设施番茄生产基地, 2011 年宁夏银川市     

畸形桑叶中病毒的鉴定及其小RNA特征分析

从安康市桑园采集了68份畸形桑树叶片样品, 利用PCR扩增检测鉴定其中存在4种病毒, 分别是桑花叶型萎缩病相关病毒(mulberry mosaic dwarf-associated virus, MMDaV)?桑花叶卷叶病相关病毒(mulberry mosaic leaf roll associated virus, MMLRaV)?桑花叶萎缩类病毒(mulberry mosaic dwarf viroid, MMDVd)和桑潜隐病毒(mulberry cryptic virus, MuCV), 存在复合侵染?对4种病毒复合侵染桑叶进行小RNA深度测序和分析, 结果显示其中的sRNA来自MMDaV?MMLRaV?MMDVd?MuCV 4种病毒, 与RT-PCR检测结果一致?进一步分析sRNA长度和5′-末端序列, MMDaV sRNA长度以24 nt最多, 其他病毒sRNA主要为21 nt?MMDaV基因组链sRNA 5′-末端以A和T为主, MuCV以C最多, MMLRaV和MMDVd一致, 均以T最多?     

山茶褪绿矮缩伴随病毒杭州分离物的序列和进化分析

正双生病毒(Geminivirus)是一类基因组为单链环状DNA的植物病毒,具有孪生的病毒粒子。国际病毒分类委员会(International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses,ICTV)最新的分类报告将双生病毒分为9个属[1]。随着测序技术的发展,利用小RNA或转录组测序可鉴定植物中的已知和未知病毒,新的双生病毒也不断被发现和鉴定[2]。山茶褪绿矮缩伴随病毒(Camellia chlorotic dwar     

侵染大豆的花生斑驳病毒公主岭分离物基因组测序及分析

本研究利用小RNA深度测序法在大豆叶片上检测到1株花生斑驳病毒Peanut mottle virus (PeMoV),根据小RNA深度测序结果和GenBank公布的PeMoV基因组序列设计引物克隆了PeMoV公主岭分离物(PeMoV-Gongzhuling)的基因组序列.测序结果经拼接后获得了PeMoV-Gongzhu...     

深度测序发现贵阳发生的辣椒病毒病由多种病毒复合侵染所致

2016年9月贵州省贵阳市发生严重的辣椒病毒病,症状复杂,主要表现为植株矮化,叶片黄化、花叶、皱缩、畸形以及枯死斑,果实有坏死斑等,根据症状难以判断病毒种类。本文采用小RNA深度测序技术对田间自然发病的2株辣椒标样进行了毒源鉴定,发现样品1由蚕豆萎蔫病毒2号(Broad bean wilt virus2,BBWV2)、辣椒脉斑驳病毒(Chilli veinal mottle virus,ChiVMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)和辣椒内源RNA病毒(Bell pepper endornavirus,BPEV)4种病原复合侵染;样品2中除鉴定到上述4种病毒外,还检测到马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virusY,PVY)。进一步通过反转录PCR(RT-PCR)对深度测序结果进行了验证,证明其准确可靠。其中4个辣椒标样中均有的辣椒内源RNA病毒(BPEV)为贵州省首次报道。多种病毒复合侵染是辣椒产量和品质的重要限制因素之一,是辣椒生产的主要威胁。     

基于高通量测序技术检测草地贪夜蛾病毒多样性

为探索草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda病毒的多样性,通过宏转录组和小RNA测序技术手段分析鉴定了自云南省采集的草地贪夜蛾田间自然种群携带的病毒类型。结果显示,宏转录组测序数据分析可比对得到14个病毒科,包括5个昆虫相关的病毒科,5个植物病毒科和4个细菌病毒科。昆虫相关的病毒分别属于杆状病毒科Baculoviridae、呼肠孤病毒科Reoviridae、分体RNA病毒科Partitiviridae、传染性软腐病病毒科Iflaviridae和弹状病毒科Rhabdoviridae,其中传染性软腐病病毒和分体RNA病毒为首次在草地贪夜蛾中报道。同时利用小RNA深度测序技术从草地贪夜蛾样品中检测到鳞翅目杆状病毒、分体RNA病毒和传染性软腐病病毒的序列,进一步验证了宏转录组的分析结果。表明利用高通量测序技术可初步揭示存在于草地贪夜蛾自然种群的昆虫病毒多样性。     

侵染中国陕西南瓜的中国南瓜曲叶病毒的鉴定和全基因组分析

为明确南瓜叶片上卷、黄化的症状是否由病毒侵染引起,本研究采用小RNA深度测序对采集自陕西地区的南瓜叶片样品进行了鉴定。结果显示,侵染南瓜样品的病毒可能是中国南瓜曲叶病毒(squash leaf curl China virus, SLCCNV)。经PCR扩增并且克隆测序获得了病毒的DNA-A和DNA-B组分的全基因组序列。序列比对发现,所克隆的DNA-A组分与SLCCNV海南分离物(SLCCNV-Hn61)DNA-A的一致性最高,为99.1%;DNA-B组分与SLCCNV-Hn61和三亚分离物SLCCNV-SY的DNA-B组分一致性最高,为96.8%。系统进化树分析发现所克隆的DNA-A和DNA-B组分分别与SLCCNV-Hn61和SLCCNV-SY的亲缘关系最近。以上研究结果表明侵染陕西南瓜叶片的病毒是SLCCNV的分离物。这是首次报道SLCCNV在陕西地区的危害,研究结果为当地经济作物南瓜的病害防控提供参考。     

黑龙江地区番茄斑萎病毒的鉴定及其部分生物学特征分析

近年来,番茄斑萎病毒Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV)在我国多个地区发生严重危害。本研究采用小RNA深度测序和RT-PCR相结合的方法对采自黑龙江的番茄病毒病样品中的病毒进行了鉴定。提取番茄样品的RNA并构建小RNA文库进行测序,数据分析发现比对至TSWV基因组的reads数占比对到病毒核酸总reads数的92.64%,表明侵染此番茄样品的病原物可能是TSWV。利用RT-PCR方法进一步确定侵染此番茄样品的病毒为TSWV,将其命名为TSWV-HLJ1。对TSWV-HLJ1的核苷酸序列进行分析并构建系统进化树,结果表明TSWV-HLJ1与TSWV云南甜椒分离物(TSWV-YNgp)的亲缘关系最近。介体传毒试验表明,西花蓟马可将TSWV-HLJ1传播感染健康寄主植物。摩擦接种试验表明,TSWV黑龙江分离物能够侵染本氏烟、辣椒和番茄。这是我国首次报道在黑龙江地区发现TSWV的危害。     

西瓜和甜瓜上西瓜银斑驳病毒的鉴定及广西分离物S RNA序列分析

<正>0引言西瓜银斑驳病毒(watermelon silver mottle virus,WSMoV)是番茄斑萎病毒科(Tospoviridae)正番茄斑萎病毒属(Orthotospovirus)病毒，主要通过蓟马以持久增殖型方式传播^[1-2]。WSMoV病毒粒子球状，外具包膜，基因组为三分体负单链RNA，分别为L RNA、M RNA和S RNA^[1,3]。1982年IWAKI等最先在日本冲绳县发现WSMoV为害西瓜，在叶片上产生银色斑驳症状，遂命名为西瓜银斑驳病毒^[4]；随后，中国台湾、泰国、印度等地陆续报道该病毒^[1,5-6]。     

Taxonomy of Wisteria vein mosaic virus and extensions to its host range and geographical distribution

Wisteria mosaic, a serious disease of Wisteria spp. in horticultural production in many parts of the world, is caused by a virus, Wisteria vein mosaic virus (WVMV). This paper reports the presence of the virus in a new host, Wisteria venusta , and a new geographical distribution, New South Wales, Australia. A partial sequence (1329 nucleotides) of this isolate of WVMV was obtained, which represents the first available sequence data for the virus. Alignment of the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences with those of members of the Potyviridae showed closest identity with viruses of the Potyvirus genus. The predicted amino acid sequence has one open reading frame, open at the 5' end, corresponding to part of the nuclear inclusion b protein and the capsid protein, followed by a 251-nucleotide untranslated region and a polyadenylated tail at the 3' end.     

黄瓜花叶病毒浙江白术分离物全基因组序列测定与分析

正白术(Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.)为菊科(Compositae)苍术属(Atractylodes)多年生草本植物,其根茎入药具补脾健胃、燥湿利水、止汗安胎等功效,在我国广泛栽培,并以于术(浙江临安于潜)品质最佳[1]。近年来白术生产由于品种单一,长期连作等因素导致病毒病害日趋严重。据报道,黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)~([2])、蚕豆萎蔫病毒2号(Broad bean wilt virus 2,     

中国大青金色花叶病毒浙江分离物全基因组序列测定与分析

<正>大青(Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum Turcz),别名路边青、淡婆婆、臭叶树,为马鞭草科(Verbena officinalis Linn)大青属(Clerodendrum)野生落叶灌木,常生长在山地林下、平原、丘陵和溪谷旁,我国江苏、安徽、河北、河南、浙江等地为主产区。大青用途广泛,叶片可萃取靛蓝作为染料,嫩叶可食用,     

侵染扶桑的烟草花叶病毒分离物鉴定

从表现叶斑驳症状的扶桑病株上获得一病毒分离物,电镜下可见约300 nm×18 nm的杆状粒子,其与烟草花叶病毒抗血清呈明显的阳性反应,dsRNA约为6.4 kbp。根据烟草花叶病毒(tobacco.mosaic virus,TMV)的RNA序列设计引物,进行RT-PCR检测,扩增出约800 bp的预期特异片段。将PCR产物连接pMD18-T载体,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,得到了含有目的片段的重组子。序列分析表明,与周雪平等报道的序列(GenBank AJ011933.1)同源性达99％。通过生物学、病毒粒子观察、血清学以及分子生物学实验结果,确定该病毒分离物为TMV。     

广西局地西番莲病毒病的病原鉴定及优势病毒分析

 在广西采集表现斑驳、花叶症状疑似病毒病的西番莲叶片样品,利用小RNA测序技术,结合生物信息学分析,鉴定侵染西番莲的病毒种类。参考测序结果采用DAS-ELISA和RT-PCR方法对2015~2018年间采集的385份疑似病毒病样品进行检测,分析引发广西西番莲病毒病的优势病毒种类。结果显示:小RNA共获得20 921 061 clean reads,拼接获得560个contigs,其中99个contigs被注释为夜来香花叶病毒(telosma mosaic virus,TeMV),97个contigs被注释为黄瓜花叶病毒(cucumber mosaic virus,CMV),69个contigs被注释为东亚西番莲病毒(East Asian passiflora virus,EAPV),12个contigs被注释为大豆花叶病毒(soybean mosaic virus,SMV)。提取送测序的同批样品叶片的总RNA进行RT-PCR验证,可检测出TeMV、EAPV和CMV 3种病毒,未检出SMV。采用DAS-ELISA和RT-PCR对采集的样品进行检测,结果发现284份样品为阳性样品,检出率为73.76%,其中TeMV的检出率最高为64.16%,其次为EAPV和CMV,检出率分别为41.30%和11.43%;3种病毒存在复合侵染现象,其中TeMV+EAPV的检出率最高为24.94%,TeMV+CMV的检出率为4.16%,EAPV+CMV的检出率为0.26%,3种病毒复合侵染的检出率为4.94%。     

Effect of temperature on RNA silencing of a negative‐stranded RNA plant virus: Citrus psorosis virus

Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV), genus Ophiovirus, causes a bark scaling disease of citrus. CPsV virions are kinked filaments with three negative‐stranded RNA molecules (vRNA) and a 48 kDa coat protein. The effect of temperature on symptom expression, virus accumulation and RNA silencing was examined in sweet orange seedlings (Citrus sinensis) graft‐inoculated with three different CPsV isolates and grown in a glasshouse at 26/18°C or 32/26°C (day/night). Most plants kept in the cooler glasshouse showed a shock reaction in the first flush with shoot necrosis, and then moderate to intense chlorotic flecking and spotting in young leaves, whereas plants incubated at 32/26°C did not exhibit shoot necrosis, and young leaf symptoms were milder. Virus titre estimated by ELISA and by northern and dot blot hybridization paralleled symptom intensity, with significantly higher virus accumulation in plants incubated at 26/18°C. The amount of CPsV‐derived small RNAs (CPsV‐sRNAs) slightly increased at 32/26°C, with the ratio of CPsV‐sRNA/vRNA being higher at 32/26°C than at 26/18°C. These results suggest that (i) CPsV infection induces RNA silencing in citrus plants, (ii) symptom intensity is associated with virus accumulation, and (iii) temperature increase enhances the RNA silencing response of citrus plants and decreases virus accumulation.     

A novel putative member of the family Benyviridae is associated with soilborne wheat mosaic disease in Brazil

Soilborne wheat mosaic disease (SBWMD), originally attributed to infections by Soilborne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) and Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV), is one of the most frequent virus diseases and causes economic losses in wheat in southern Brazil. This study aimed to characterize molecularly the viral species associated with wheat plants showing mosaic symptoms in Brazil. Wheat leaves and stems displaying mosaic symptoms were collected from different wheat cultivars in Passo Fundo municipality, Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil. Double-stranded RNA was extracted and submitted to cDNA library synthesis and next-generation sequencing. No sequences of SBWMV and WSSMV were detected but the complete genome sequence of a putative new member of the family Benyviridae was determined, for which the name wheat stripe mosaic virus (WhSMV) is proposed. WhSMV has a bipartite genome with RNA 1 and RNA 2 organization similar to that of viruses belonging to Benyviridae. WhSMV RNA 1 has a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polyprotein with putative viral replicase function. WhSMV RNA 2 has six ORFs encoding the coat protein, the major protein (read-through), triple gene block movement proteins (TGB 1, 2 and 3) and ORF 6 (hypothetical protein). In addition to the genomic organization and nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities, phylogenetic analyses also corroborated that WhSMV is a virus species of the Benyviridae. However, isolates of WhSMV formed a clade distinct from members of the genus Benyvirus. It was also demonstrated that the plasmodiophorid Polymyxa graminis is associated with wheat roots showing SBWMD symptoms and infected by WhSMV.     

海南甘蔗病毒病的调查及其病原分子鉴定

 海南是我国重要的甘蔗生产省份之一,但其甘蔗主要种植区感染病毒的种类和数量尚不十分清楚,且海南甘蔗花叶病病原病毒缺乏分子水平的系统鉴定。为明确海南甘蔗病毒病的种类、数量、分布及危害情况,本研究拟建立较为完整的甘蔗病毒病检测技术体系,对海南甘蔗病毒病展开调查,为甘蔗抗病毒基因工程及健康种苗发展提供参考。     

Deep‐sequencing revealed Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) as a highly aggressive pathogen on hop

Newly emerging or re‐emerging diseases are a constant and significant threat to agricultural production, so prompt and accurate identification of the causative agents is required for rapid and appropriate disease management. Classical methods of pathogen detection can be successfully supplemented by next‐generation sequencing (NGS), whereby sequence analysis can help in the discovery of new or emerging diseases. In 2007, hop growers in Slovenia reported the appearance of severely stunted hop plants, a phenomenon that spread rapidly within hop gardens and among farms. Classical diagnostic methods were unable to detect a new pathogen; therefore, single step high‐throughput parallel sequencing of total RNA and small RNAs from plants with and without symptoms was employed to identify a novel pathogen. The sequences were assembled de novo and also mapped to reference genomes, resulting in identification of a novel sequence of Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) in the stunted hop plants. Furthermore, the presence of this novel pathogen on hop was confirmed by RT‐PCR analysis of 59 plants with symptoms from 15 hop gardens, representing the main outbreak locations identified by systematic disease monitoring, and small RNA Illumina sequencing of the bulked RNA sample. The high infectivity of the newly identified CBCVd was also confirmed by biolistic inoculation of two hop cultivars, which developed aggressive symptoms in controlled conditions. This study shows the feasibility of deep sequencing for the identification of causative agents of new diseases in hop and other plants.     

A new furovirus infecting barley in France closely related to the Japanese soil-borne wheat mosaic virus

In April 2001, stunted barley plants bearing mosaic symptoms were observed in a field in France (Marne Department, 51). Rod-shaped and flexuous particles were visualized by electron microscopy and positive serological reactions were detected by ELISA with Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus (SBCMV) polyclonal antisera. The tubular virus which was soil transmissible to barley cv. Esterel was separated from BaYMV by serial mechanical inoculations to barley cv. Esterel. This furo-like virus, in contrast to a French isolate of SBCMV, could be transmitted to Hordeum vulgare, Avena sativa, Beta vulgaris and Datura stramonium. RT-PCR was used to amplify the 3′-terminal 1500 nucleotides of RNA1 and the almost complete sequence of RNA2. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence analyses revealed that the French virus infecting barley is closely related to a Japanese isolate of Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV-JT) which was originally isolated from barley. This French isolate was named SBWMV-Mar. The 3′ UTRs of both RNAs can be folded into tRNA-like structures which are preceded by a predicted upstream pseudoknot domain with seven and four pseudoknots for RNA1 and RNA2, respectively. The four pseudoknots strongly conserved in RNAs 1 and 2 of SBWMV-Mar show strong similarities to those described earlier in SBWMV RNA2 and were also found in the 3′ UTR of Oat golden stripe virus RNAs 1 and 2 and Chinese wheat mosaic virus RNA2. Sequence analyses revealed that the RNAs 2 of SBWMV-Mar and -JT are likely to be the product of a recombination event between the 3′ UTRs of the RNAs 2 of SBWMV and SBCMV. This is the first report of the occurrence of an isolate closely related to SBWMV-JT outside of Japan.