褪黑素受体MT1和MT2在绵羊胃中的分布及表达

【目的】应用分子生物学技术探究绵羊不同胃室组织褪黑素(MT)特异性膜受体MT1和MT2的分布规律及表达模式,以初步探明绵羊不同胃室组织褪黑素调节胃消化的生物效应机制。【方法】采集绵羊瘤胃背囊、瘤胃腹囊、网胃、瓣胃和皱胃5个组织部位,用ELISA、实时荧光定量PCR、免疫组化和Western blotting方法检测褪黑素特异性膜受体MT1和MT2在绵羊胃组织不同部位的分布规律及表达模式。【结果】ELISA结果显示,绵羊各胃组织中均含有褪黑素,且皱胃中褪黑素含量最高,瓣胃次之,瘤胃背囊、瘤胃腹囊和网胃中均较低。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,MT1和MT2基因mRNA在皱胃中含量均最高,其次是瘤胃腹囊,在瘤胃背囊和网胃中含量较低。免疫组化结果显示,MT1和MT2蛋白在绵羊各胃组织中均有分布,主要表达于各胃组织的黏膜层,且在皱胃腺体中的分布呈从底部到颈部逐渐增多的趋势。Western blotting结果显示,MT1和MT2蛋白在网胃中表达均最高,瓣胃次之,在瘤胃背囊、瘤胃腹囊和皱胃中表达均较低。【结论】褪黑素在绵羊各胃组织中差异化表达从而发挥多样性生理功能,可能通过与胃组织上特异性受体MT1和MT2结合,通过信号传导系统而调控前胃受食糜刺激后发生反刍生理过程。     

绵羊附睾褪黑素受体1的表达与定位

为研究褪黑素受体1（MT1）在不同年龄绵羊附睾中的表达模式,选用幼龄绵羊（2~3月龄）、青年绵羊（6~8月龄）和成年绵羊（2~3岁）的附睾,采用实时荧光定量PCR和免疫组化技术检测不同年龄绵羊附睾各部位MT1基因mRNA的表达量和MT1的分布情况。结果表明：幼龄绵羊附睾尾MT1基因的转录水平极显著高于附睾头和附睾体（P<0.01）;青年绵羊附睾体和附睾尾MT1基因的转录水平显著高于附睾头（P<0.05）;成年绵羊附睾尾MT1基因的转录水平显著高于附睾头和附睾体（P<0.05）,附睾各部位MT1基因的转录水平随年龄增长呈明显降低趋势;定位结果显示,MT1在各年龄组绵羊附睾的各个部位均有分布,且主要分布在附睾上皮细胞中。综合上述结果,不同年龄绵羊附睾的不同部位均有MT1表达和分布,并随年龄增长各部位的表达量降低,相同年龄绵羊附睾尾MT1的表达水平较高。     

松果体和褪黑素的生物学作用研究进展

松果体（pineal body）是个重要的神经内分泌腺，人们发现松果体分泌的褪黑素(melatonin，MT)可以通过神经免疫内分泌网络对机体产生广泛的生物学效应。现研究结果发现褪黑素在抗氧化、免疫调节、生殖系统、胃肠道、肿瘤等具有一定的作用，作者综合了有关松果体和MT的国内外最新进展文献,较全面的叙述了松果体器官以及MT的主要生物学作用。     

褪黑素对动物生殖的影响

褪黑素(melatonin,MLT)是松果腺细胞(pinealocyte)合成的吲哚胺类激素中生物活性最高的一种神经激素,调节着体内的多种生理活动。人们对松果体的认识经历了一个漫长的时期,Axelrod和Nurtman于1965年提出“MLT假说”,认为MLT的分泌受环境光照的控制,自然界光照的变化不仅影响松果体的分泌,而且还间接影响哺乳动物的生殖系统。近年来,随着神经内分泌学的研究发展,荧光免疫、层析和放射免疫测定等生物学新技术的应用,在MLT生物合成、生理机能、受体类型和分布等方面取得了新的突破,MLT在畜牧业动物生产方面的应用也日益广泛。1MLT的作…     

褪黑素对水牛卵母细胞体外成熟的影响及其受体介导机制的探究

旨在研究外源性褪黑素(melatonin,MT)对水牛卵母细胞体外成熟的影响及其受体介导机制。进行以下试验:1)通过免疫荧光技术检测了水牛卵丘细胞和卵母细胞上褪黑素的两种受体MT1和MT2的表达情况。2)在体外成熟培养液中添加不同浓度褪黑素(0、10^-9、10^-8、10^(-7 )mol·L^-1),观察褪黑素对水牛卵母细胞体外成熟及其随后体外受精胚胎发育的影响。3)根据褪黑素最优浓度,成熟液中添加不同处理组合:未处理组、褪黑素(10^(-8 )mol·L^(-1 )MT)、褪黑素受体拮抗剂(10^(-8 )mol·L^(-1 )LZU)、褪黑素受体激动剂(10^(-8 )mol·L^(-1 )IIK7)、同时添加褪黑素受体拮抗剂和褪黑素(10^(-8 )mol·L^(-1 )LZU+10^(-8 )mol·L^(-1 )MT),处理卵母细胞24h后,统计卵母细胞第一极体排出率,并对第一极体的卵母细胞进行ELISA Kit检测,同时,成熟后的卵母细胞分别进行体外受精,并统计其分裂率和囊胚率。结果显示:1)在水牛卵丘细胞和卵母细胞上均发现有褪黑素受体MT1和MT2;2)褪黑素处理的各组卵母细胞成熟率均显著高于0 mol·L^-1组(P<0.05)。随后,各组受精后的分裂率也显著高于0mol·L^(-1 )MT组(P<0.05),而且10^-8和10^(-7 )mol·L^(-1 )MT组的囊胚率显著高于0mol·L^(-1 )MT组(P<0.05);3)褪黑素受体拮抗剂(10^(-8 )mol·L^(-1 )LZU)组的卵母细胞成熟率、体外受精胚胎分裂率和囊胚率与未添加组相比,差异均不显著(P>0.05);褪黑素受体激动剂(10^(-8 )mol·L^(-1 )IIK7)组的水牛卵母细胞成熟率、体外受精胚胎分裂率和囊胚率均显著高于未添加组(P<0.05),但与褪黑素组(10^(-8 )mol·L^(-1 )MT)相比差异不显著(P>0.05);同时添加褪黑素受体拮抗剂和褪黑素(10^(-8 )mol·L^(-1 )LZU+10^(-8 )mol·L^(-1 )MT)组的水牛卵母细胞成熟率、体外受精后胚胎的分裂率和囊胚率与未添加组相比,差异不显著(P>0.05)。4)褪黑素处理组的卵母细胞内cAMP的含量显著低于未处理组,而cGMP含量显著高于未处理组(P<0.05)。综上表明,褪黑素通过与细胞膜G蛋白偶联受体MT1和MT2结合,从而抑制了cAMP合成,提高cGMP含量,进而促进卵母细胞成熟及早期胚胎发育。     

褪黑素受体基因MTR1在绵羊生殖轴系的表达定位

褪黑素(Melatonion,MT)通过分布于生殖系统不同部位的褪黑素受体(Melatonin receptor,MTR)来调节动物的生殖活动。研究褪黑素受体1型(MTR1)在繁殖期与非繁殖期动物生殖系统不同组织的分布和表达对于了解动物的生殖活动规律以及褪黑素对动物生殖活动的调节机制具有重要意义。应用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)、蛋白免疫印迹(Western Blotting,WB)和免疫组织化学(Immunohistochemistry,IHC)等方法研究了MT1在绵羊繁殖期与非繁殖期生殖轴系不同部位分布和表达情况。HE染色结果表明,各组织都呈现了正常的细胞形态;IHC结果表明,MTR1在绵羊繁殖期与非繁殖期卵巢和睾丸组织中均有表达,其中繁殖期绵羊卵巢组织中颗粒细胞表达信号较强;qRT-PCR和WB法结果均表明,绵羊在繁殖期附睾组织中MTR1的相对表达量极显著高于其他组织(P0.01),在非繁殖期下丘脑组织中MT1的相对表达量极显著高于其他组织(P0.01)。综上,MT在绵羊繁殖期与非繁殖期生殖轴系不同部位均有表达并存在显著差异,为进一步探讨MTR在绵羊生殖轴系中的作用机制提供了科学的数据参考。     

Cry1基因在雄性绵羊生殖轴系的表达与定位

隐花色素1(Cryptochrome 1,Cry1)基因作为生物钟调控环路的负调控因子,对生物节律的稳定发挥着重要作用,因此研究Cry1基因在哺乳动物生殖轴系的表达对揭示哺乳动物季节性繁殖的调控机理有着重要意义.本实验应用qPCR和免疫组织化学等方法研究了Cry1基因在雄性绵羊生殖轴系(松果体、下丘脑、垂体、睾丸和附睾...     

褪黑素对动物生殖调控机理的研究进展

褪黑素是由松果体分泌的一种吲哚类神经内分泌激素。近年来伴随着放射免疫分析法、受体分析及分子生物学等研究方法的应用,从而使MLT的生物合成、生理功能及其对动物生殖调控机理等方面的研究越来越被人们重视,文章简要论述了MLT对动物生殖调控机理的研究进展。     

北极狐多巴胺受体D1基因的克隆测序

为了获得北极狐多巴胺受体D1基因序列,给北极狐自咬行为提供理论依据。采用聚合酶链式反应方法,从北极狐耳组织扩增出多巴胺受体D1基因的部分外显子序列,并对其进行克隆测序,将该序列提交到Genebank上。Genebank中的Blast分析表明,北极狐多巴胺D1受体基因与家狗(Canis familiaris)的同源性为99%,与牛(Bos taurus)的同源性为93%,与人(Homo sapiens)的同源性为92%。     

褪黑激素受体1B及其基因的研究进展

褪黑激素通过与药理学特异性的高亲和性G-蛋白耦联受体相结合来发挥其生物学功能。作者介绍了褪黑激素受体1B的结构和功能,褪黑激素受体1B基因的克隆及基因结构、发育性表达与作用、定位与多态性,并讨论了该基因与繁殖季节性的关系。     

亲吻素-1基因对雄性哺乳动物生殖调控的研究进展简

亲吻素-1（Kiss-1）基因参与哺乳动物性腺轴的调节,同时也参与其他生殖功能的调控,作者综述了Kiss-1基因在雄性哺乳动物生殖系统的研究进展,并对该领域今后的研究方向进行了分析。     

Expression of melatonin and its related synthase and membrane receptors in the oestrous corpus luteum and corpus luteum verum of sheep

Melatonin is an important factor involved in regulating reproduction; it is synthesized enzymatically by the sequential action of melatonin‐synthesizing enzymes, arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase (AANAT) and hydroxyindole‐O‐methyltransferase (HIOMT), and exerts its biological functions mainly through receptor‐mediated action. To evaluate the expression of melatonin, two melatonin‐synthesizing enzymes (HIOMT and AANAT), and membrane receptors (MT1 and MT2) in oestrous corpus luteum (CL) and CL verum of sheep (Ovis aries), we performed ELISA, qRT‐PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The quantitative results showed that melatonin, HIOMT and AANAT levels in the CL verum were significantly higher than those in oestrous CL (p < 0.05), whereas MT1 and MT2 exhibited no change between the oestrous CL and CL verum (p > 0.05); moreover, the localization results showed that HIOMT, AANAT, MT1 and MT2 were mainly expressed in large luteal cells (LLCs). In summary, the above results suggested that sheep CL has potential for the synthesis of melatonin; meanwhile, they also suggested that CL is one of the targets of melatonin. These results provide not only a basis for whether sheep CL can synthesize melatonin but also provide a reference for further study on the mechanism of melatonin in the CL.     

Effects of melatonin on oocyte developmental competence and the role of melatonin receptor 1 in juvenile goats

Melatonin enhances in vitro embryo development in several species by improving the oocyte developmental competence during in vitro maturation (IVM). Melatonin has a wide range of actions, from scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) to regulating gene expression, and it can also act by way of melatonin receptors. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism of action of melatonin during the IVM of juvenile goat oocytes and the role of the membrane receptors. Melatonin receptor 1 was immunolocalized in cumulus cells and oocytes before and after 24 hr of IVM. The effect of melatonin on oocyte developmental competence was tested in three experimental IVM groups: (a) control, (b) 10^?7 M melatonin, and (c) 10^?7 M melatonin +10^?7 M luzindole (an inhibitor of both melatonin receptors). After IVM oocytes were assessed for ROS levels, mitochondrial activity, adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) concentration and relative gene expression (ACTB, SLC1A1, SOD1, GPx1, BAX, DNMT1, GCLC and GDF9). IVM‐oocytes were in vitro fertilized and cultured under conventional conditions. Blastocyst rate and quality (differential cell count) were assessed at 8 days post‐fertilization. Melatonin decreased ROS levels, increased mitochondrial activity and ATP content and increased blastocyst quality compared to control group (55.8 vs. 30.4 inner cell mass ICM, p < 0.05). There was no effect on the relative gene expression due to treatment with melatonin. In conclusion, we have showed that melatonin improves oocyte developmental competence in juvenile goats by reducing ROS levels and improving mitochondrial activity.     

Trade-off expression of melatonin receptor subtypes (Mel1a and Mel1b) and androgen receptor in lung of a tropical bird,Perdicula asiatica

The role of circulatory steroid hormone along with melatonin in lung of any seasonally breeding bird has never been explored so far. This could be interesting because steroid hormones are immunosuppressive while melatonin is immunostimulatory in nature. In our present study, we report the effect of exogenous melatonin and testosterone on expression of melatonin receptor subtypes (Mel_1a and Mel_1b) and androgen receptor in lung of a tropical bird Perdicula asiatica. Birds were collected from vicinity of Varanasi and acclimatized in laboratory with sufficient food and water. The birds were treated with melatonin and testosterone at dose of 25 µg/100 g B.wt./day and 1 mg/100 g B.wt./day, respectively, for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, the birds were sacrificed and lung tissue and blood sample were collected for immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis and hormonal assay. Testosterone treatment increased circulatory testosterone and upregulated expression of androgen receptors whereas downregulated expression of melatonin receptor subtypes Mel_1a and Mel_1b. Melatonin administration increased peripheral melatonin and upregulated expression of melatonin receptor subtypes Mel_1a and Mel_1b while downregulated androgen receptor. Thus, our results suggest that a trade-off relationship between melatonin and testosterone exists in regulation of their receptors in lung of Perdicula asiatica.     

Comparison of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase and melatonin receptor type 1B immunoreactivity between young adult and aged canine spinal cord

Melatonin affects diverse physiological functions through its receptor and plays an important role in the central nervous system. In the present study, we compared immunoreactivity patterns of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), an enzyme essential for melatonin synthesis, and melatonin receptor type 1B (MT2) in the spinal cord of young adult (2~3 years) and aged (10~12 years) beagle dogs using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. AANAT-specific immunoreactivity was observed in the nuclei of spinal neurons, and was significantly increased in aged dog spinal neurons compared to young adult spinal neurons. MT2-specific immunoreactivity was found in the cytoplasm of spinal neurons, and was predominantly increased in the margin of the neuron cytoplasm in aged spinal cord compared to that in the young adult dogs. These increased levels of AANAT and MT2 immunoreactivity in aged spinal cord might be a feature of normal aging and associated with a feedback mechanism that compensates for decreased production of melatonin during aging.     

蓝狐与银狐褪黑激素受体1A基因的克隆及序列分析

根据其它物种褪黑激素受体（melatonin receptor, MTNR）1A基因核酸序列的同源性设计引物,PCR扩增蓝狐和银狐MTNR1A基因的546 bp DNA序列,GenBank登录号分别为EU170442和EU170443。蓝狐和银狐MTNR1A基因DNA序列同源性为99.1%,编码的氨基酸同源性为99.4%,与人、鼠及绵羊MTNR1A基因同源性为84%~86%,与鸡MTNR1A基因同源性为74%。     

兔TLR2、TLR3和TLR4部分cDNA序列的克隆及分析

用RT-PCR技术从日本大耳白兔脾脏组织克隆出兔Toll样受体2、3、4基因（拟命名为RTLR2、R TLR3和RTLR4）的cDNA序列并进行测序,获得的3个Toll样受体基因序列长分别为128、150和139bp,并将其测序结果与GenBank中登录的穴兔（Oryctolagus cuniculus）的Toils核苷酸序列进行比对,发现本次克隆到的RTLR2与穴兔TLR2的基因序列（NM_001082781）相似性为99％,而RTLR3与TLR3（NM_001082219）和RTLR4与TLR4（NM_001082732）相似性均为100％。Protein Blast同源性结果显示,RTLR2、RTLR3和RTLR4的氨基酸序列与穴兔TLR2、TLR3和TLR4的同源性皆为100％,与马、人、野猪等其他8种动物TLRs的比较,与RTLR2同源性最高的是马的80％,其他的只有61％～78％;与RTLR3同源性最高是马和野猪的97％,其他也较高达93％～95％;而RTLR4与其他8种动物的同源性均较低75％以下。结果表明：RTLR2、RTLR3和RTLR4分别为免TLR2、TLR3和TLR4的部分cDNA基因序列;TLRs在不同物种的进化过程中存在种属特异性。