Outdoor winter storage of container stock on raised pallets—effects on root zone temperatures and seedling growth

Containerized seedlings of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were overwintered on the ground and above ground on pallets. Soil temperatures in elevated containers were lower and showed greater fluctuation than containers on the ground. The lowest temperatures (‐15 to ‐16°C) were observed in containers stored on pallets with little or no snow cover during the winter. Temperatures in the edge rows of containers were lower than interior bed soil temperatures. Lower temperatures were also observed in the top than in the bottom of the container. The storage on pallets resulted in reduced shoot and root growth. Although insulation preventing air movements beneath the container units improved soil temperature conditions and subsequent seedling growth, the best result was obtained when seedlings were stored directly on the ground surface.     

Prediction of the optimum veneer drying temperature for good bonding in plywood manufacturing by means of artificial neural network

Veneer drying is one of the most important stages in the manufacturing of veneer-based composites such as plywood and laminated veneer lumber. Due to the high drying costs, increased temperatures are being used commonly in plywood industry to reduce the overall drying time and increase capacity. However, high drying temperatures can alter some physical, mechanical and chemical characteristics of wood and cause some drying-related defects. In this study, it was attempted to predict the optimum drying temperature for beech and spruce veneers via artificial neural network modeling for optimum bonding. Therefore, bonding shear strength values of plywood panels manufactured from beech and spruce veneers dried at temperatures of 20, 110, 150 and 180 °C were obtained experimentally. Then, the intermediate bond strength values based on veneer drying temperatures were predicted by artificial neural network modeling, and the values not measured experimentally were evaluated. The optimum drying temperature values that yielded the highest bonding strength were obtained as 169 °C for urea formaldehyde and 125 °C for phenol formaldehyde adhesive in beech plywood panels, while 162 °C for urea formaldehyde and 151 °C for phenol formaldehyde in spruce plywood panels.     

Soil temperature limitations on gas exchange in 1‐year‐old Pinus sylvestris (L) seedlings

Effects of soil temperature on gas exchange of Scots pine seedlings were studied to evaluate the significance of reduced gas exchange in seedlings planted in cold soils. The patterns of net photosynthesis during the 3‐week period at the two constant soil temperatures (8°C and 12°C) were quite similar but at 12°C the photosynthetic rate was higher. After U days differences were no more significant. Photosynthesis at the increasing soil temperature, from 5.5°C to 13°C, decreased for the first 18 days and then recovered up to the level of other treatments. The same patterns were found for transpiration, stomatal conductance, and photosynthetic efficiency. Xylem pressure potentials and relative resistance to water flow after 3 weeks did not differ among soil temperatures. Initiation and development of current‐year needles affected all the results of gas exchange parameters.     

Evaluation of the self-bonding ability of sugi and application of sugi powder as a binder for plywood

Binderless particleboards were manufactured from sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) heartwood and sapwood by hot-pressing (pressure: 5 MPa; temperatures: 180°, 200°, and 220°C; times: 10, 20, and 30 min), and the board properties [internal bonding (IB), thickness swelling (TS), water absorption (WA)] were investigated to evaluate the self-bonding ability. The IB, TS, and WA of the boards from sugi heartwood were better than those of the boards from sugi sapwood at any hot-pressing condition. Therefore, it was suggested that the self-bonding ability of sugi heartwood was superior to that of sugi sapwood. Then, sugi heartwood and sapwood powder with grain size 10 βm were used as a binder for plywoods. Four kinds of plywood were manufactured from the combination of powder and veneer, both of which were prepared from sugi heartwood and sapwood under the same hot-pressing conditions as the binderless particleboard, and the adhesive shear strength and wood failure of the plywood were investigated. As a result, the plywood composed of sugi heartwood veneer met the second grade of JAS for plywood, when either powder was used as a binder, when they were pressed at 200°C for 20–30 min and 220°C for 10 min.     

Thermal degradation of bending strength of plywood and oriented strand board: a kinetics approach

The construction industry has relied heavily on wood and wood-based composites, such as oriented strand board (OSB) and plywood for timber frame construction. Therefore, it is highly imperative to categorize the response of wood-based composites when exposed to elevated temperatures for a sustained period of time. The essence of fire-resistant structural design is to ensure that structural integrity be maintained during and after the fire, prevent collapse and maintain means of egress. Another aspect is to assess post-fire structural integrity and residual strength of existing structure. The objective of this project was (a) to study the effect of exposure time on bending strength (MOR) of OSB and plywood at elevated temperatures, (b) to interpret any relationships between different temperature and time of exposure using a kinetics model for thermal degradation of strength, and (c) to develop a master curve representing temporal behavior of OSB and plywood at a reference temperature. As much as 1,152 samples were tested in static bending as a function of exposure time and several temperatures. Strength (MOR) of both OSB and plywood decreased as a function of temperature and exposure time. These results were fit to a simple kinetics model, based on the assumption of degradation kinetics following an Arrhenius activation energy model. The apparent activation energies for thermal degradation of strength were 54.1 kJ/mol for OSB and 62.8 kJ/mol for plywood. Furthermore, using the kinetics analysis along with time–temperature superposition, a master curve was generated at a reference temperature of 150°C which predicts degradation of strength with time on exposure at that reference temperature. The master curves show that although plywood has a higher initial strength, OSB performs better in terms of strength degradation after exposure to elevated temperature.     

Adventitious root formation of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) cuttings is stimulated by soaking basal portion of cuttings in warmed water while cooling their apical portion

To improve the propagation of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don), we investigated the effects of apical and basal temperatures during a water soaking treatment on the adventitious root formation of 70-mm long shoot tip cuttings which have an apical bud. The basal portion of the cuttings was soaked for 28 days in water with temperatures ranging from 10 to 35 °C, at an air temperature of 5 or 10 °C. Control cuttings were soaked in water at 25 °C, with an air temperature of 25 °C. Treated cuttings were then planted in vermiculite rooting medium and grown at an air temperature of 25 °C for 35 days. Adventitious roots initiated earlier and developed more in the cuttings treated with apical temperatures of 5 or 10 °C and basal temperatures of 20–30 °C than in the control cuttings. The rooting percentage was greatest (93 %) in the cuttings treated with a 10/25 °C apical/basal temperature, whereas few control cuttings rooted (13 %). This suggests that the temperature gradient created by warming the basal portion of the cuttings while cooling their apical end stimulates adventitious root formation. When we tested seasonal variation of rootability at 10/25 °C, the rooting percentage increased from early autumn to winter, and decreased from winter to summer. The soluble sugar contents did not directly affect the formation of adventitious roots in the present study.     

Soil thermal and moisture regimes on forested slopes of an appalachian watershed

Soil thermal and moisture regimes were studied at four sites of contrasting slope positions and aspects within a forested Appalachian watershed (39° 41′N, 79° 45′W, elevation from 567 m to 796 m). The overall mean temperature for the 0–50 cm soil layer was 12.3°C in 1981; mean annual temperatures ranged from 13.3°C at 2 cm depth on a south-facing lower site to 11.0°C at 50 cm depth on a north-facing lower site. During the growing season soil temperatures of the south-facing lower site exceeded those of other sites by 1°C or less for soils less than 20 cm in depth. Maximum temperature differences between sites were reached in November, and the minimum temperature differences between sites were observed in January.The soil moisture content on the north-facing site exceeded that of all other sites. The south-facing lower site was the driest, while the south-facing upper site and the ridge top were intermediate and had similar moisture regimes. It was concluded that the moisture regime of the south-facing lower site was a joined effect of aspect and relatively high stoniness.     

Effect of the addition of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acacia mangium</Emphasis> bark on thermosetting of phenol–formaldehyde resin

The effect of addition of Acacia mangium bark powder on the thermosetting processes of two commercial phenol resins, PF-A and PF-B, was examined by bond strength test, torsional braid analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. When the bark powder was added to PF-A, the bond strength of plywood pressed at 110°C increased and was comparable to that of plywood pressed at 120 and 130°C. However, when the bark powder was added to PF-B, the bond strength of plywood pressed at 110°C was still lower than that of plywood pressed at 120 and 130°C. The relative rigidity and loss tangent of PF-A cured with the bark powder obtained by heating at 100°C were comparable to those at 120 and 140°C, and the reaction enthalpy was increased by bark powder addition. In contrast, chemical reactions for cured PF-B were not enhanced by bark powder addition.     

Container volume and growing density influence western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) seedling development during nursery culture and establishment

Larch tree species (Larix Mill.) are both ecologically and commercially valuable in their native range and are the focus of many restoration, afforestation, and commercial reforestation efforts in the boreal forests of the northern hemisphere. Land use change, shifting climate, and poor natural regeneration are making it increasingly difficult to establish the species; therefore, artificial regeneration is critical to ensure this timber species maintains its productive role on the landscape. New stocktypes are continually being developed to aid target seedlings for difficult sites, and critical, non-confounding evaluations of them are needed for target seedling development. This research evaluates the effect of container parameters on potential target seedlings. It examines tolerance thresholds of western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) with respect to moisture and temperature status in the rhizosphere during early establishment. A suite of morphological measurements was used to assess seedling quality and relative performance following transplant. Modifying a commercially available container developed four distinct stocktypes of 111, 143, 175 and 207 ml that were paired with a volume-dependent nutrient regime at two culturing densities. Seedling phenotype was affected to a greater extent by container density than by container volume. Despite changes to container volume, root:shoot were found to be similar, indicating benefits of a tailored nutrient regime during nursery culture. Simulated field trials revealed that a low density growing arrangement improved post-transplant seedling growth, specifically root growth. Also, the 207 ml container facilitated greater growth in dry soil conditions compared to smaller containers. Lower (10 °C) rhizosphere temperature hindered root growth; however, seedling survival was 100 %, warranting the testing of earlier outplanting windows for this species. This evaluation of stocktype performance contributes to a greater body of work with this species and its congeners, which will ultimately benefit reforestation and afforestation efforts alike.     

土壤温度和水分对长白山3种温带森林土壤呼吸的影响

为了研究土壤温度和土壤含水量对阔叶红松林(山地暗棕壤)、云冷杉暗针叶林(山地棕针叶林土壤)和岳桦林(生草森林土)的土壤呼吸的影响,于2001年9月在长白山进行了土壤实验。利用增加土壤样柱的含水量,将土壤含水量分为9%,、21%、30%、37%和43%5个等级,土壤样品分别在0、5、15、25和35的温度下保持24小时。阔叶红松林土壤在0~35范围内,土壤呼吸速率与温度呈正相关。在一定的含水量范围内(21%~37%),土壤呼吸随含水量的增加而升高,当含水量超出该范围,土壤呼吸速率则随含水量的变化而降低。土壤温度和水分对土壤呼吸作用存在明显的交互作用。不同森林类型土壤呼吸作用强弱存在显著差异,大小顺序为阔叶红松林>岳桦林>云冷杉暗针叶林.红松阔叶林土壤呼吸作用的最佳条件是土壤温度35,含水量37%;云冷杉暗针叶林下的山地棕色针叶土壤呼吸作用的最佳条件是25,21%;岳桦林土壤呼吸作用的最佳条件是35,含水量37%。但是,由于长白山阔叶红松林,云冷杉林和岳桦林处在不同的海拔带上,同期不同森林类型土壤温度各不相同,相差4~5,所以野外所测的同期的山地棕色针叶林土呼吸速率应低于暗棕色森林土呼吸速率,山地生草森林土呼吸速率应高于山地棕色针叶林土的呼吸速率。图2表1参25。     

容器育苗技术在林业育苗中的应用价值

【目的】探讨容器育苗技术在甘肃省天水市武山县滩歌林场林业育苗中的应用价值。【方法】选取2018年8月甘肃省天水市武山县滩歌林场的紫斑牡丹种子,种子重319.16 g·cm^-3,实验于2018年8月开始。为了更好的对比目前容器育苗技术的先进性,本次研究选取了传统林木穴盘(A)、平衡根系轻基质无纺布容器(B)、新型林木穴盘(C)。三种穴盘规格分别为:45 cm×55 cm×10 cm、45 cm×55 cm×8 cm、45 cm×55 cm×11 cm、21.5 cm×35.5 cm×11 cm。基质为珍珠岩、进口草炭。【结果】不同穴盘容器对紫斑牡丹种子生根的影响来看,B容器、C穴盘的生根时间、生根率、根长>5 cm比例、种子腐烂率均优于A穴盘的生根时间、生根率、根长>5 cm比例、种子腐烂率,而C穴盘的相关指标显著优于其它两种育苗容器,组间比较存在显著差异(P<0.05),统计学有意义。30天低温处理时:A穴盘与B容器相比萌发率无明显差异(P>0.05),两种容器与C穴盘相比,存在显著差异(P<0.05),统计学有意义。40天低温处理时:A穴盘与C穴盘相比萌发率无明显差异(P>0.05),两种容器与B容器相比,存在显著差异(P<0.05),统计学有意义。50天低温处理时:A穴盘与C穴盘相比萌发率无明显差异(P>0.05),两种容器与B容器相比,存在显著差异(P<0.05),统计学有意义,而50天的B容器与40天的B容器相比萌发率无明显差异(P>0.05),故B容器40天低温处理是紫斑牡丹种子的最佳条件。【结论】通过实验得到平衡根系轻基质无纺布容器、新型林木穴盘是林业育苗中最佳的容器育苗技术,并且平衡根系轻基质无纺布容器的侧根萌发率高于新型林木穴盘技术,因此,最终明确平衡根系轻基质无纺布容器适用于在甘肃省天水市武山县滩歌林场林业育苗中的应用价值较高,值得广泛推广。     

Über den Einfluß der Temperatur auf die Entwicklung und Vermehrung des Bekreuzten Traubenwicklers,Lobesia botrana Den. et Schiff. (Lepid., Tortricidae)

By breeding grape moth,Lobesia botrana Den. et Schiff., in laboratory conditions the effect of constant temperatures on the growth and reproduction of the pest was investigated. On the basis of collected data the sum of effective temperatures for every stage of growth as well as the threshold temperature for the growth were calculated. For the embryonic development the temperatures are 74,0°C±2,3°C and 8,8°C; for the larval development in males 384,6°C±30,1°C and 7,3°C, in females 362,3°C±20,9°C and 9,4°C; for the chrysalis stage in males 162,1°C±23,5°C and 7,1°C, in females 151,5°C±24,0°C and 9,1°C. The sums of effective temperatures of the particular growth stages were completed by their quantil values (Q₃₀, Q₅₀, Q₇₅, Q₉₅). The threshold temperature for the life of moths was set up as 11,0°C in males and 12,8°C in females. The reproduction activity in the majority of females begins at temperatures above 15°C. The effect of the temperature on the actual fertility has proved to be significant. The optimal temperatures for the oviposition are within the range of 20,0°C–27,0°C. The relation between the actual fertility and temperature is at these temperatures determined by the regression line equation Y=?5,75·X+293. Temperatures below or above the limits of this interval are less favourable for the oviposition because they lead to a decreasing of actual fertility. The limit temperature (15°C) of reproduction activity in the majority of females is considered to be the lowest extreme temperature for the oviposition.     

Susceptibility of thermo-hydro-treated birch plywood to mould and blue stain fungi

In this study, mould and blue stain susceptibility, capillary water uptake (CWU) and microstructural properties of two thermo-hydro-treated (THT) birch plywood products A and B were investigated. Plywood A represented a THT industrial plywood glued with a phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesive. Plywood B represented panels from THT veneers glued with a PF film. The THT regimes were (temperature, °C/time, min): 150/10, 150/50, 160/10 and 160/50. Both THT plywood products and untreated samples were resistant to mould and blue stain growth in 1 month of exposure in laboratory and outdoor conditions. A statistically significant correlation between fungal growth in laboratory and outdoor conditions for plywood products A and B was not found (P?>?.05). Artificial weathering of both plywood products provided adverse fungal growth results compared to the natural weathering test outdoors. The fungal growth on plywood A and B samples mutually strongly correlated (P?相似文献   

Western corn rootworm egg hatch and larval development under constant and varying temperatures

Predicting western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte; WCR) development in the field depends on models that use experimentally determined degree-days (°D). For constant temperature regimes, this temperature sum can be reliably used to predict hatch and development of WCR larvae. In the first experiment in climate cabinets, we evaluated the effects of varying day–night (4 and 6 °C difference) temperature regimes compared to equivalent constant temperature regimes on hatch, development, and recovery of WCR larvae from a non-diapausing population. Relative to constant diurnal temperatures, varying day–night temperatures resulted in earlier larval hatch and accelerated larval development (especially when day–night temperatures differed by 6 °C) due to direct temperature effects (i.e., the Kaufmann-effect) and to enhanced plant growth. For WCR eggs, the temperature sums needed for hatch in the field are overestimated when they are determined by models based on constant experimental temperatures. Recovery of larvae from soil was not affected by temperature, but was positively associated with plant height. In a second experiment we evaluated whether the found effect of varying temperature ranges on the acceleration of larval hatch is also influenced by the level of these varying temperatures. Initial hatch started earlier by varying diurnal temperatures only under a low-temperature regime (14 ± 4 °C). For herbivorous insects like WCR, plant growth effects induced by varying temperature regimes may result in increased variation in temperature-based developmental parameters. Consideration of these effects will improve models that predict WCR hatching patterns and will improve the development and timing of control strategies.     

Microclimate in agroforestry systems in central Amazonia: does canopy closure matter to soil organisms?

Microclimate was recorded and soil organisms were collected 1997-1999 in ecosystem stands of contrasting structure in central Amazonia (a primary forest, a 12-year secondary forest, two different agroforestry systems, a rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) plantation, and a peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) monoculture with a densely closed canopy). The aim was to look at the effects of canopy closure on microclimate and soil organisms. Monthly maxima temperature, average air and soil temperatures, and saturation deficit were highest in September 1997, and total annual rainfall in 1997 was 12-28% lower than in the other study years. The monthly average litter temperatures were consistently 2-4 °C higher in the plantation sites than in the rainforest and the secondary forest, and temperatures on single days (not the monthly averages) in the plantations were up to 10 °C higher than in the primary forest. The highest average litter and soil temperatures and the highest temperature maxima were recorded in the agroforestry plantations. Canopy closure strongly determined the litter temperatures in the sites. Soil macrofauna biomass was also strongly correlated to canopy closure (linear regression, P = 0.05). We conclude that a well developed canopy effectively protects the soil macrofauna from high temperature variation and drought stress. Therefore, optimizing these agroforestry systems for canopy closure may contribute to a better management of the beneficial soil decomposer community. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Pressurized hot water extraction of Norway spruce hemicelluloses using a flow-through system

Norway spruce saw meal was extracted with pressurized hot water at 120–240°C using a flow-through system. Only small amounts of hemicelluloses were extracted at 120–160°C, but dissolution was significantly enhanced when higher extraction temperatures were applied. All hemicelluloses but only 15% of lignin were removed from wood at 220°C, and even less lignin was extracted at lower temperatures. Partial degradation of cellulose seemed to take place only at 240°C. Of the total amount of extracted hemicelluloses, 4–22% was hydrolyzed to monosaccharides. Although the average molar masses of extracted hemicelluloses decreased with increasing extraction temperature, even at 240°C the extracted carbohydrates occurred, on average, as polysaccharides. Polysaccharides with an average molar mass of 31 kDa were obtained at 170°C. The molecular-mass characteristics and yield of carbohydrates depend on the extraction temperature, which should be chosen based on the end use of the isolated hemicelluloses.     

Buttock temperature in a sedentary posture on plywood flooring of varying thickness over the ONDOL heating system

This study investigated the thermophysiological responses of healthy subjects that sat on the plywood covering of the ONDOL floor heating system. Environmental chambers were constructed for this study, wherein ambient temperature, and wall and ceiling surface temperature were controlled at 24°C, and relative humidity was 50%. The temperature of supply water (t _sw) flowing into the floor coil was altered from 15°C to 40°C at 5°C intervals. The floor covering materials used in this experiment were mortar and three types of plywood with thicknesses of 2.7, 7.5, and 12mm. The floor surface temperatures (t _f) and the skin temperatures of eight subjects were measured while they were sitting on the floor. Buttock temperature, in particular, was monitored. This experiment yielded the following results: (1) t _f was 17.0°–35.2°C on mortar finishing and 19.1°–30.2°C on 12-mm plywood covering; (2) the buttocks skin temperature increased with t _sw higher than 30°C on mortar finishing and for t _sw higher than 30°, 25°, and 20° on 2.7-, 7.5-, and 12-mm plywood finishing, respectively; (3) the differences of buttock temperature when t _sw was varied between 15° and 40°C were 11.4°C on mortar, 7.9°C on 2.7-mm plywood, 6.5°C on 7.5-mm plywood, and 5.0°C on 12-mm plywood; (4) using regression analysis, the neutral point temperature of buttocks was determined to be 32.8°C.Part of this report was presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Fukuoka, Japan, March 2003     

Influence of pressing parameters on mechanical and physical properties of self-bonded laminated beech boards

Abstract

Five-ply self-bonded boards were obtained by pressing beech veneers parallel to the grain without additional adhesives, steam or pre-treatment. Fifteen different combinations of pressing parameters were tested, including temperature (200°C, 225°C and 250°C), pressure (4, 5 and 6 MPa) and pressing time (240, 300 and 360 seconds). Due to severe pressing conditions, the new product showed a higher density and different properties compared to a conventionally glued laminated wooden board. The self-bonding quality was assessed through dry shear strength tests, through a three-point bending test and a water-soaking test at 20°C. The dimensions in the cross section of the boards were measured after soaking in water. Results show that the choice of pressing parameters affects all the mechanical and physical properties tested. A statistical analysis revealed that the pressing temperature is the most influential parameter. Boards pressed at 200°C delaminated rapidly in water, whereas boards pressed at 225°C delaminated only at core-positioned layers after 48 hours and boards pressed at 250°C did not delaminate at all in water. Compared to panels pressed at lower temperatures, boards pressed at 250°C had the highest density, a higher shear and bending strength and a lower water absorption.     

Effects of soil temperature and time of decapitation on sucker initiation of intact Populus tremuloides root systems

Abstract

In a growth chamber experiment, root suckering of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) was assessed in relation to timing of cutting and soil temperature. Aspen seedlings were grown in large pots for 3 years before experimentation. In a 2×2 factorial experiment, 3-year-old seedlings were cut at the end of the dormant period or after leaf flush and grown at two soil temperatures (8 or 20°C) for 39 days. Root systems were evaluated for suckering response and carbohydrate reserve status. There were no differences between the two soil temperatures and times of cut in the number of sucker buds initiated on the roots, but the number of buds that developed into suckers was much greater at 20°C. Cutting the dormant seedlings delayed suckering by nearly a week, resulting in smaller suckers at the time of harvest. However, cutting the seedlings when dormant produced almost twice the number of suckers than when cutting occurred after leaf-out. Total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) of roots declined from 35.6% of dry weight at the end of the dormant season to 21.6% at the time of leaf-out, but there were no differences between the soil temperature and timing of cut treatments. After the 39 day growth period, root systems had 7% lower root TNC in the 20°C treatment than in the 8°C treatment, likely to support the development of the emerging suckers and higher respiration demands.     

Temperature-dependent development of Sesamia nonagrioides

The effect of various constant temperatures on survival, development and adult longevity of Sesamia nonagrioides Lefébvre (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was studied under laboratory conditions. The following temperatures were tested: 14, 17, 21, 25 and 31 °C. The percentage of individuals that completed development at each temperature as well as the days needed for the emergence of the pupa and adult eclosion were measured. Adult longevity was estimated under the same conditions. Development time decreased significantly with increasing temperature within the range 14–25 °C. Survival was higher at medium temperatures (17–25 °C) in comparison with that at more extreme temperature regimens (14 and 31 °C). Egg and first larval instars were the stages where S. nonagrioides suffered the highest mortality levels at all temperatures. The highest survival was recorded with experimental individuals aging between the third and fifth larval instar. Thermal requirements of development (developmental thresholds, thermal constant, optimum temperature) of S. nonagrioides were estimated with application of linear and one nonlinear models (Logan I). Upper and lower developmental thresholds ranged between 31.2 and 36.2 and 7.0 and 10.3 °C, respectively. The optimum temperature for development (where maximum rate of development occurs) was estimated at between 28.1 and 30.3 °C. The thermal constant for total development was estimated at 1,000.0 degree-days. Adult longevity was also affected by temperature, as it was significantly reduced at higher temperatures (21–31 °C) compared to the lower ones (14 and 17 °C). This information would be useful in determining the critical temperatures which may affect the distribution of S. nonagrioides concerning potential climate change.