肉鸡大肠杆菌多价灭活蜂胶苗的研制

从分离鉴定的49株大肠杆菌中筛选出5株致病力强、免疫原性好、具有优势血清型的大肠杆菌作为制苗菌株，经培养灭活后，以蜂胶为佐剂，研制出的肉鸡大肠杆菌多价灭活蜂胶疫苗，使用安全，免疫效果好。用该苗免疫后150d的保护率为100％，无不良反应。该苗4C下保存1年不失效。田间试验结果表明，该苗性能好，免疫后对肉仔鸡、肉种鸡的生产性能无不良影响，鸡群大肠杆菌病的死亡率明显下降。     

贵州猪大肠杆菌本地株多价灭活疫苗的研制

选择本地分离的3株致病性大肠杆菌O139、O138、O101,分别接种于LB固体培养基于37℃恒温培养箱培养20 h,用0.85%生理盐水洗下菌落,进行活菌计数,3株菌按等量混合,加入0.4%甲醛灭活48 h,再加入20%氢氧化铝胶混匀,制成灭活疫苗置2～4℃冰箱保存。将该疫苗接种无菌的LB固体和麦康凯培养基上37℃培养48 h进行无菌检验,并接种小白鼠进行安全性检验,结果均合格;接种该疫苗14 d后,对小白鼠进行攻毒试验,试验组小白鼠健康无任何异常反应,对照组全部死亡,疫苗的免疫保护率达100%,说明疫苗安全。     

鸡疏螺旋体病鸡胚组织灭活疫苗试验研究

实验室制备三批鸡疏螺旋体病鸡胚组织灭活苗，经效力检验，安全检验，免疫期及保存期测定结果表明，疫苗注射后体内抗体１５ｄ达最高水平，７ｄ和３０ｄ－７２０ｄ维持较高水平，免疫期达２年，疫苗保护率达１００５；疫苗在０－８℃条件下保存有效期为２年；疫苗安全性良好；三批疫苗试验结果不存在明显差异，显示制备工艺稳定。     

鸡轮状病毒灭活油乳疫苗的制备与应用研究

利用从发生流行性腹泻的发病鸡中分离的轮状病毒,研制了鸡轮状病毒灭活油乳疫苗,并对该疫苗的安全性及免疫效果进行了测定.结果表明该疫苗安全可靠,注射后对增重、产蛋均无影响.免疫后14 d攻毒保护率可达98%以上,免疫期可维持6个月,4℃保存12个月,10℃～25℃保存3个月,免疫效果不变.对鸡轮状病毒油乳灭活疫苗在山东不同地区进行田间试验和扩大区域试验,结果表明该疫苗性能良好、安全,对蛋鸡、肉鸡、雏鸡的生产性能无明显影响,疫苗接种后保护率可达92%以上,可有效地控制该病的发生.     

鸡大肠杆菌多价蜂胶灭活苗的研制

用本地分离的５个代表菌株和引进的３个标准菌株混合，以蜂胶为佐剂，经甲醛灭活，蜂胶用酒精纯化，按一定比例配制成含１００亿个／ｍｌ的大肠杆菌多价蜂胶佐剂灭活苗。经现地２８万只鸡试验证明，本疫苗安全、有效。免疫接种０．５ｍｌ／只，临床无不良反应。７天６０％出现免疫抗体，１４天全部产生免疫抗体，３个月攻毒保护率１００％，６个月７０％；疫苗于４￣８℃保存１年，２０￣２５℃保存半年有效。     

鸡大肠杆菌多价蜂胶灭活苗的研制

用本地分离的５个代表菌株和引进的３个标准菌株混合，以蜂胶为佐剂，经甲醛灭活，蜂胶用酒精纯化，按一定比例配制成含１００亿个／ｍｌ的大肠杆菌多价蜂胶佐剂灭活苗。经现地２８万只鸡试验证明，本疫苗安全、有效。免疫接种０．５ｍｌ／只，临床无不良反应。７天６０％出现免疫抗体，１４天全部产生免疫抗体，３个月攻毒保护率１００％，６个月７０％；疫苗于４～８℃保存１年，２０～２５℃保存半年有效。     

鸡大肠杆菌多价灭活铝佐剂菌苗的研制

选择从新疆石河子地区分离的5个优势血清型078、02、07、0111、015大肠杆菌,经培养、混合、灭活后,与氢氧化铝按一定比列混合,制成鸡大肠杆菌多价灭活疫苗。经安全性检验、稳定性检验、免疫力检验,结果表明：该苗安全有效,性能良好,接种后无不良反应,免疫雏鸡后第7天可检出抗体,第35天抗体达到较高水平,使鸡获得免疫保护,对大肠杆菌的感染率和发病率有明显下降。     

豫北地区肉鸡大肠杆菌分离鉴定及其蜂胶灭活苗的研究

从豫北地区部分肉鸡场送检的病料中分离出了24株大肠杆菌，确定2l株菌分属8个血清型，其中02，074，01，078为主要血清型，分别占分离株的28．57％，23．8l％，19．04％，9．52％。药敏试验结果表明，所分离的24株大肠杆菌对丁胺卡那霉素、头孢曲松、头孢噻呋、氟苯尼考最敏感，可作为防治肉鸡大肠杆菌病的首选药物。从中筛选出3株致病力强、免疫原性好、具有优势血清型的大肠杆菌和标准菌株作为制苗菌株。以蜂胶为佐剂，研制出的肉鸡大肠杆菌多价灭活蜂胶疫苗，使用安全，免疫效果好。用该苗免疫后150d的保护率为100％，无不良反应。该苗4℃下保存1年不失效。田间试验结果表明，该苗性能好。免疫后对肉仔鸡、肉种鸡的生产性能无不良影响，鸡群大肠杆菌病的死亡率明显下降。     

鸡大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及疫苗的制备

为了控制鸡群大肠杆菌的流行，有效防治大肠杆菌病，将从病鸡肠道中分离到的几株大肠杆菌进行分离纯化、药敏试验并进行生化实验鉴定，筛选出免疫原性良好的l株菌株，经纯化增菌后制备针对当地本养殖场的油乳灭活苗。安全性检验、效力性检验结果表明，该疫苗对鸡安全有效，鸡接种后无不良反应。     

鸡大肠杆菌多价灭活油乳疫苗的研制

选择从河北省不同地区分离的6个优势血清型O78、O2、O111、O36、O35大肠杆菌菌株，经培养、混合、灭活后，用白油、吐温、司本－80按一定比例混合，制成鸡大肠杆菌多价油乳灭活疫苗。经安全性检验、稳定性检验、免疫力检验，结果表明，该苗安全有效，性能良好，接种后无不良反应，免疫肉鸡雏鸡后第7d可检测出抗体，在第56d抗体达到最高水平(7.3log2)，使鸡获得免疫保护，对大肠杆菌的感染率、发病率有明显下降，     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.