龙葵多糖抗肿瘤和免疫调节作用的研究

[目的]研究龙葵多糖对小鼠荷宫颈癌(U14)生长的抑制及对荷瘤小鼠免疫调节作用。[方法]MTT法检测龙葵多糖体外对U14细胞增殖的影响;建立U14宫颈癌腹水瘤模型,观察给药后,对腹水型肿瘤的抑制作用和对荷瘤小鼠存活时间的影响;用ELISA法检测龙葵多糖干扰对荷瘤小鼠血清中IL-44和IFN-γ水平的影响。[结果]龙葵多糖体内有显著抑制小鼠宫颈癌U14细胞生长的作用,并且能够显著延长荷瘤小鼠的生命周期。细胞因子检测结果表明,龙葵多糖可显著增加荷瘤小鼠血清IFN-γ水平,显著降低血清中IL-44的水平。[结论]龙葵多糖具有抑制腹水型肿瘤U14生长、延长荷瘤小鼠存活时间的作用,推测该多糖可能是通过激活机体内免疫系统的活动,进而调节细胞因子的分泌而发挥其抗肿瘤作用。     

蜂王浆不同组分对荷S180肿瘤小鼠免疫效果的影响

将新鲜蜂王浆经过180目滤网过滤,滤液再逐步经过0.50 μm、0.10μm和0.05 μm的无机陶瓷膜过滤,分别得到了5种蜂王浆活性组分,测定新鲜蜂王浆及各活性组分的癸烯酸含量.将88只荷瘤小鼠随机分为环磷酰胺组(40mg/kg)、模型对照组、蜂王浆及各组分实验组,连续灌胃4周.观察小鼠一般状况,测定抑瘤率和脏体系数,以探讨蜂王浆各组分对荷S180肿瘤小鼠的免疫效果.结果表明,除新鲜王浆先后经过180目滤网,0.50μm和0.10μm无机陶瓷膜过滤的组分外,其他各蜂王浆组分与对照组比较对降低瘤体重量差异不显著,其中E组抑瘤率最高达45.52%.说明蜂王浆不同活性组分对荷S180肿瘤小鼠抗癌作用有差异.     

Tumor growth need not be driven by rare cancer stem cells

The cancer stem cell hypothesis postulates that tumor growth is driven by a rare subpopulation of tumor cells. Much of the supporting evidence for this intriguing idea is derived from xenotransplantation experiments in which human leukemia cells are grown in immunocompromised mice. We show that, when lymphomas and leukemias of mouse origin are transplanted into histocompatible mice, a very high frequency (at least 1 in 10) of the tumor cells can seed tumor growth. We suggest that the low frequency of tumor-sustaining cells observed in xenotransplantation studies may reflect the limited ability of human tumor cells to adapt to growth in a foreign (mouse) milieu.     

Tumor suppression with a combination of alpha-difluoromethyl ornithine and interferon

alpha-Difluoromethyl ornithine and mouse type 1 interferon, when administered simultaneously, were highly toxic to B16 melanoma cells in culture. Oral administration of alpha-difluoromethyl ornithine suppressed B16 melanoma development in mice 85 percent whereas interferon given subcutaneously inhibited tumor growth only 24 percent. Total or near total suppression of tumor growth was observed in mice receiving both treatments.     

Human endometrial adenocarcinoma transplanted into nude mice: growth regulation by estradiol

A model for studying the growth of primary tumors of human endometrium and its regulation by 17 beta-estradiol has been developed in which ovariectomized nude mice are used as recipients. The receptors for sex steroids are maintained during serial transplantation of the tumor in this system. Although the rate of growth of receptor-negative endometrial tumors transplanted into ovariectomized nude mice is unaffected by the sustained presence or absence of estradiol, the growth of receptor-positive tumors is significantly increased by estradiol. Receptor-positive tumors treated with estradiol produced elevated concentrations of progesterone receptor. That the progesterone receptor is functional in this tumor is evident from the induction of estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase activity upon progestin administration. These findings are consistent with receptor-mediated regulation of growth of endometrial carcinoma.     

鹿茸对小鼠肿瘤及免疫功能的影响

为了探讨鹿茸对小鼠肿瘤的抑制作用,利用S180肉瘤和H22荷瘤瘤株建立小鼠肿瘤模型,并将小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、鹿茸大剂量组、鹿茸中剂量组、鹿茸小剂量组、环磷酰胺（CTX）组,每组10只。其中空白对照组和模型组小鼠每天以生理盐水灌胃,CTX对照组和鹿茸（大、中、小剂量）灌胃组则灌胃相应药物,以观察实验各组的抑瘤效果和脾、胸腺指数。结果显示,鹿茸可以提高小鼠的抑瘤率,其抑制效果与剂量成正比,并可以从器官水平上增强小鼠的免疫力,从而间接达到抗肿瘤效果。     

蒲黄醇提取物对C57BL／6荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响

[目的]研究蒲黄醇提物对C57BIM6荷瘤小鼠免疫功能影响。[方法]通过建立Lewis肺癌小鼠移植瘤动物模型,以抑瘤率为指标考察蒲黄醇提物的体内抗肿瘤活性,分别测定其抑瘤率、胸腺指数和脾脏指数;四氮唑盐（MTY）法对荷瘤小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖活性进行测定;ELISA法测定荷瘤小鼠血清中白细胞介素一2（IL-2）、肿瘤坏死因子-a（TNF-a水平。[结果]蒲黄醇提取物100mg／kg·d组对肿瘤生长有明显的抑制作用（P〈0．01）,其抑瘤率为48．3％,蒲黄醇提物三个剂量组均能提高荷瘤小鼠的胸腺指数和脾脏指数。同时100和200mg／kg·d组能显著提高荷瘤小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖能力和荷瘤小鼠血清中IL-2、TNF—ol的水平。[结论]蒲黄醇提物具有提高荷瘤小鼠体液免疫和细胞免疫的作用。     

Estrogen-induced factors of breast cancer cells partially replace estrogen to promote tumor growth

The hormone 17 beta-estradiol acts through its receptor system to induce MCF-7 human breast cancer cells to form tumors in athymic mice. In vitro studies have identified the production of estrogen-induced growth factors from MCF-7 cells that may have a role in growth control. These induced growth factors were sufficient to stimulate MCF-7 tumor growth in ovariectomized athymic mice, thus partially replacing estradiol. Growth factors may act as estrogen-induced "second messengers" in estrogen-responsive growth of human breast cancer.     

The immune reaction as a stimulator of tumor growth

Various numbers of spleen cells from specifically immunized mice were mixed with constant numbers of target tumor cells, and were inoculated subcutaneously into thymectomized, x-irradiated recipients. Small numbers of admixed immune spleen cells produced a statistically significant, and reproducible, acceleration of tumor growth in the inoculum as compared with controls of either nonimmune spleen cells or spleen cells from animals immune to a different, non-cross-reacting, tumor. Larger. numbers of specifically immune spleen cells, however, produced inhibition of tumor growth. These data imply that the normal immune reaction may have a dual function in relation to neoplasia: (i) stimulation of tumor growth, early in the course of the disease, or whenever the immune reaction is minimal; (ii) inhibition of tumor growth at other times.     

草莓育苗田化学除草剂筛选的研究

选取了48%灭草松液剂、16%甜菜安.宁乳油、12.5%稀禾定机油乳油、10.8%高效吡氟氯草灵乳油、15%精吡氟草灵乳油、8.8%精喹禾灵乳油和16%甜菜安乳油共7种药剂在草莓育苗田进行除草效果和安全性试验,调查杂草死亡率,观察草莓幼苗生长异常情况和成活比例。试验结果表明,15%精吡氟草灵乳油和16%甜菜安.宁乳油混合施用对于单子叶和双子叶杂草的防治效果理想,并且对草莓生长安全。     

Biophysical approach toward tumor regression in mice

An external electrical source of low magnitude was used in a series of experiments to alter inherent tumor potentials in mice. While no significant increase of tumor growth was noted in the acceleration group, total tumor regressions were obtained in the inhibition group. Preliminary studies with leukemia did not yield significant results.     

鬼针草90%醇提物对U14荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤效应

以U14细胞株接种小鼠制成荷瘤模型,研究鬼针草90%醇提物对荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤效应.结果表明,90%鬼针草醇提物通过提高机体免疫力抑制小鼠肿瘤生长.     

双歧杆菌完整肽聚糖对实验性胃癌抑制作用的研究

为研究双歧杆菌完整肽聚糖(WPG)对实验性胃癌生长的抑制作用,从两歧双歧杆菌中提取完整肽聚糖,以人胃癌裸鼠移植瘤为动物模型,观察不同浓度WPG对移植瘤生长的抑制情况,绘制肿瘤生长曲线,HE染色观察WPG对移植瘤组织形态的影响。结果显示,WPG低、中、高剂量组移植瘤的生长速度、平均瘤重均明显低于阴性对照组,抑瘤率分别为62.50%、67.87%和87.50%,与阳性对照(5-氟脲嘧啶)组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05)。HE染色结果显示,WPG组移植瘤中普遍存在不同程度的坏死。结果表明,双歧杆菌WPG能抑制裸鼠体内胃癌的生长,为开发新型高效、低毒的抗肿瘤药物提供试验依据。     

茶氨酸溴香酰胺对人宫颈癌细胞体内外生长的抑制作用

将茶氨酸为母体合成的茶氨酸衍生物茶氨酸溴香酰胺(TBrC)与茶氨酸作比较,评估茶氨酸溴香酰胺对人宫颈癌细胞体内外生长的抑制作用与其分子机制。应用MTT等方法检测不同浓度的TBrC对人宫颈癌细胞体外生长的影响,运用蛋白质印迹法检测解析这些人宫颈癌细胞中与凋亡和生长密切相关蛋白的表达和药物可能的作用靶点。此外,通过建立动物肿瘤模型,评价TBrC对荷瘤裸鼠人宫颈癌生长的抑制效果。实验结果显示,TBrC抑制人宫颈癌细胞体内外生长的活性超过其母体化合物茶氨酸多倍,对小鼠生长无明显毒性;TBrC作用的分子机制之一可能与抑制VEGFR1-Bcl-2/Bax信号传导通路相关。研究结果提示,TBrC具有广泛应用于临床治疗和(或)辅助治疗人宫颈癌和其他癌症的潜力。     

Mediation of immunity to tumor isografts in mice by heterologous ribonucleic acid

The growth of tumor isografts in inbred mice is inhibited by intra-peritoneal injections of syngeneic spleen incubated, in vitro, with ribonucleic acid extracted from guinea pigs immunized with the same mouse tumor. This inhibition is partially tumor-specific. Treatment with ribonuclease abolishes the response.     

黑蜂蜂胶免疫活性和体内抗肿瘤研究

[目的]观察东北黑蜂蜂胶醇提取物对昆明鼠免疫活性的影响和肿瘤抑制率。[方法]通过动物体内试验,制备H22模型小鼠,计算黑蜂蜂胶提取物肿瘤抑制率,测定单核-巨噬细胞碳廓清的吞噬指数。[结果]东北黑蜂蜂胶醇提取物各组的吞噬指数、瘤重与阴性对照组比较,具有统计学意义(P0.05),说明东北黑蜂蜂胶醇提取物能够提高H22小鼠的免疫活性,对肿瘤的生长在一定程度上有很强的抑制作用,东北黑蜂蜂胶的乙醇提取物抗肿瘤作用显著。[结论]该研究为蜂产品进一步走向医疗领域特别是治疗癌症提供理论支持。     

万寿菊杀菌素水乳剂对西瓜枯萎病反应的抗性

研究了万寿菊杀菌素水乳剂对西瓜枯萎病菌菌丝生长的影响和对西瓜幼苗保护酶的作用。结果表明,万寿菊杀菌素水乳剂对西瓜枯萎病菌的菌丝生长有明显的抑制作用,当质量浓度为1μg/mL时已完全抑制病菌菌丝生长。同时,经对西瓜幼苗叶的酶活性测定和过氧化物同工酶电泳分析的结果表明,该万寿菊杀菌素水乳剂能使西瓜保护酶———超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性提高,减轻西瓜枯萎病菌对西瓜幼苗的毒害作用。     

In vivo administration of anti-CD3 prevents malignant progressor tumor growth

Malignant progressor tumors are only weakly immunogenic and can evade host recognition and rejection. One approach to therapy involves activation of the host antitumor cellular effector mechanisms. Since monoclonal antibodies to CD3 (anti-CD3) can activate T cells in vitro, an attempt was made to determine if tumor immunity could be achieved by the administration of anti-CD3 in vivo. T lymphocytes from mice injected with anti-CD3 showed increased interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) expression, increased proliferation to recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2), and enhanced reactivity in both an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction and a mixed lymphocyte tumor culture. Malignant tumor growth in treated mice was also examined. The anti-CD3 treatment prevented tumor outgrowth that would have killed untreated animals and also stimulated an in vivo response against a malignant progressor tumor providing lasting tumor immunity.     

Tumor response to radiotherapy regulated by endothelial cell apoptosis

About 50% of cancer patients receive radiation therapy. Here we investigated the hypothesis that tumor response to radiation is determined not only by tumor cell phenotype but also by microvascular sensitivity. MCA/129 fibrosarcomas and B16F1 melanomas grown in apoptosis-resistant acid sphingomyelinase (asmase)-deficient or Bax-deficient mice displayed markedly reduced baseline microvascular endothelial apoptosis and grew 200 to 400% faster than tumors on wild-type microvasculature. Thus, endothelial apoptosis is a homeostatic factor regulating angiogenesis-dependent tumor growth. Moreover, these tumors exhibited reduced endothelial apoptosis upon irradiation and, unlike tumors in wild-type mice, they were resistant to single-dose radiation up to 20 grays (Gy). These studies indicate that microvascular damage regulates tumor cell response to radiation at the clinically relevant dose range.     

比较两种免疫缺陷动物人肝癌模型的肿瘤生物学特性

为探讨裸小鼠和裸大鼠(rnu/rnu)两种免疫缺陷动物人肝癌皮下移植与原位移植后肿瘤生长和转移等生物学特性的差异,将Huh-7细胞株接种至裸小鼠皮下成瘤后采用组织学完整的组织块移植于裸小鼠和裸大鼠皮下和肝脏,建立皮下和原位移植模型,观察所建立模型的皮下和原位成瘤率、移植瘤生长、侵袭和转移情况,同时进行了病理组织学、超微结构、细胞增殖周期和异倍体的观察.裸大鼠皮下移植瘤模型肿瘤的生长速度远远大于裸小鼠.原位移植瘤模型裸大鼠成瘤率高达95.0%,其肺转移率形成率为50.0%,均高于裸小鼠.此实验证明应用裸大鼠较裸小鼠更适用于建立肝癌的皮下和原位移植模型,为探讨肝癌转移的生物学机制和抗转移治疗提供了理想的动物模型.