面向制造的灌水器产品快速定型与模具CAE研究

对3种滴灌灌水器进行了线性回归分析,得到了收缩率和壁厚的数学模型,为灌水器滴片结构优化提供了理论依据;通过注塑成型工艺参数的正交试验设计得到了最佳注塑工艺参数;由极差与方差分析得到影响尺寸精度的主要因素,为实际生产提供参考依据.针对迷宫灌水器微细流道精细复杂的特点,应用快速成型RP与数控线切割NC相结合的方法制作精密原型,结合快速模具RT技术进行灌水器试制,并通过灌水器水力性能和抗堵性能试验对产品进行了性能验证.     

基于灰关联分析的卡门涡街形流道多目标优化

借鉴流体力学中的卡门涡街形状来设计滴灌灌水器的流道结构。提取关键结构参数,采用数值模拟方法进行正交试验,研究结构参数对性能指标的影响。考虑灌水器水力性能与抗堵性能对流道结构要求的矛盾性,在正交试验的基础上采用灰关联分析的方法,进行流道结构多目标优化。最终优化得到的卡门涡街形流道突扩、突缩、漩涡运动耗能明显,具有良好的水力性能,而且边界光滑无流动死角,沙粒不易在流道内沉积,具有良好的抗堵性能。通过正交试验与灰关联分析结合,获得了流态指数为0.498,粒子通过率为0.951的综合性能良好的滴灌灌水器流道。证明了正交试验基础上的灰关联分析,是面向水力性能与抗堵性能的灌水器流道多目标优化的有效方法,为灌水器流道优化提供了一种良好途径。     

基于Moldflow的铅芯外壳翘曲分析与优化

以自动铅笔芯外壳为分析对象,利用Creo软件对自动铅笔芯外壳进行三维造型,再利Moldflow软件对自动铅笔芯外壳的翘曲缺陷进行分析,通过调整优化保压曲线和采用正交试验的方法对自动铅笔芯外壳的注塑过程进行了模拟仿真实验.以塑件成型后的最大翘曲变形量目标值为基础,通过对综合评价指标的极差分析,得到模具温度、熔体温度、保压压力、保压时间4个注塑工艺参数对综合评价指标的影响程度。研究结果表明:熔体温度和保压压力是影响注塑制品翘曲变形较大的2个因素,对控制制品的收缩最为有效。     

基于正交试验的三角环流流道灌水器数值模拟

针对目前灌水器结构形式单一的现状,构造出一种新型的三角环流灌水器.利用Pro/E软件完成灌水器造型,运用Fluent 6.3对灌水器内部流场进行了数值模拟.以三角环流灌水器流道的关键结构参数为因素,以灌水器的流态指数和流量为试验指标,对灌水器进行了正交试验设计,并应用极差与方差分析法分析了流道关键结构参数对流态指数和流量的影响度.结果表明,三角环流灌水器的流态指数的值在0.5左右,水力性能良好;流道宽度对流态指数的影响最显著,而流道深度、进口尺寸和单元高度对流态指数没有显著影响;流道深度、宽度、进口尺寸和单元高度对灌水器流量均有显著影响,且影响程度递减.通过多元线性回归分析,建立了灌水器流量和流态指数与流道结构参数之间的回归模型,可为三角环流灌水器结构设计与量化分析提供理论依据.     

农业节水产品(灌水器)低成本快速开发方法研究

介绍了农业节水产品低成本快速开发方法方面的一些研究成果,主要包括基于快速成形／快速制模技术的灌水器制作工艺、灌水器计算机辅助模拟系统和灌水器的注塑模具计算机辅助设计系统。采用上述研究成果成功地开发出了一种新型结构的灌水器,从理论计算到结构定型．灌水器的开发时间在3个月以内,成本为3万元以下。和传统方法相比,开发时间和成本大幅度降低,证明所提出的灌水器低成本快速开发方法是可行的和先进的。     

涌泉根灌灌水器外壳材料对水力性能的影响

对使用ABS、纯HDPE、HDPE+20%EVA、LDPE+20%EVA以及40%HDPE+40%LDPE+10%LLDPE+10%EVA这5种不同外壳材料制造的涌泉根灌灌水器,从外壳材料的收缩率、弹性模量、拉伸应变特点等方面研究了外壳材料对涌泉根灌灌水器出流特性的影响.结果表明,外壳材料对涌泉根灌灌水器的水力性能影响明显:外壳材料的模塑收缩率越大,灌水器外壳与内芯流道贴合越紧密,流量就越小;灌水器外壳的刚性越强,即材料的弹性模量越大,不同压力作用下灌水器的流量相差越小;相同制造工艺下,外壳材料的自然回弹率影响灌水器的制造偏差,材料的回弹性越好,得到的灌水器流量偏差越小.因此,为了得到制造偏差小、水力性能良好的涌泉根灌灌水器,对外壳材料的选配应平衡刚性及自然回弹性.推荐使用混合材料40%HDPE+40%LDPE+10%LLDPE+10%EVA用以制备涌泉根灌灌水器外壳.     

振动水压下滴灌灌水器水力性能研究

传统的滴灌系统大都是在恒定水压下工作,其核心元件灌水器容易发生堵塞。以由绕流流道单元构成的灌水器为研究对象,通过计算机CFD模拟和实验来研究灌水器在振动水压下的水力性能。振动模式分别选取为梯形波形、正弦波形、三角波形和矩形波形,取基础水压、振动周期和振动幅度3个参数来设计正交试验。研究结果表明,CFD模拟数据和实验数据具有比较高的一致性;灌水器在振动模式下的消能效果和水流波动效应优于恒压下的状态;基础水压对等效水压的影响最为显著。通过对模拟数据进行线性回归,建立了基于振动参数的等效水压计算表达式,为计算灌水器等效水压值提供了一定的参考。     

注塑成型工艺的混合智能优化

注塑成型过程系统动力学的不确定性和复杂性,限制了传统优化技术的运用。将智能优化技术引入注塑成型工艺优化,以成型过程的主要工艺参数为设计变量,利用BP网络获得工艺参数对各质量指标的近似计算关系式,以各质量指标的模糊综合评价函数为遗传算法的适应度函数,建立了解决多因素作用和多指标约束的注塑成型工艺的混合智能优化模型。通过对比实例的正交仿真试验结果,验证了该模型能快速、自动地实现非线性和不确定系统的优化求解。     

新型分段插杆式灌水器结构设计及 水力特性研究

传统的灌水器过流截面积一般在1 mm~2以下,极易造成流道结构堵塞。以插杆式灌水器为基本研究对象,采用大截面积迷宫流道结构尺寸,并创造性的设置了螺旋分流道,采用正交试验的方法仿真分析了螺旋分流道的关键特征结构尺寸对灌水器水力特性的影响。研究结果表明,螺旋分流道的加入,增强了灌水器内部水流的紊动效应,实现了大截面积迷宫流道内水流流态由层流向紊流的转变;提出了灌水器水力特性参数与螺旋分流道关键结构参数之间的关系式,指出螺旋分流道圆弧半径R对流量系数k和流态指数x影响最大,为灌水器水力特性的优化提供了参考。     

我国压力补偿灌水器的研究进展

概述了近十年来,国内外压力补偿灌水器的应用情况及研究进展,在综合数值模拟、快速成型技术、可视化试验平台等多种先进技术手段的基础上提出了压力补偿灌水器比较完善的开发路线,并对该路线中涉及的关键问题进行了讨论。补偿机理的研究是压力补偿灌水器设计研发的核心,本文通过课题组已完成的部分工作,指出采用流固耦合方法进行数值模拟,获得灌水器内部压力速度分布及膜片变形情况,结合可视化试验是阐明压力补偿灌水器补偿原理、加快压力补偿灌水器研究的有效途径。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。